scholarly journals Neurofeedback for Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Patel ◽  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
James Henshaw ◽  
Anthony Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythms ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Neurofeedback is a novel neuromodulatory therapy where individuals are given real-time feedback regarding their brain neurophysiological signals in order to increase volitional control over their brain activity. Such biofeedback platform can be used to increase an individual’s resilience to pain as chronic pain has been associated with abnormal central processing of ascending pain signals. Neurofeedback can be provided based on electroencephalogram (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings of an individual. Target brain rhythms commonly used in EEG neurofeedback for chronic pain include theta, alpha, beta and sensorimotor rhythms. Such training has not only been shown to improve pain in a variety of pain conditions such as central neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, traumatic brain injury and chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, but has also been shown to improve pain associated symptoms such as sleep, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Adverse events associated with neurofeedback training are often self-limited and resolve with decreased frequency of training. Provision of such training has also been explored in the home setting whereby individuals have been encouraged to practice this as and when required with promising results. Therefore, neurofeedback has the potential to provide low-cost yet holistic approach to the management of chronic pain.

scholarly journals Electroencephalogram (EEG) Based Imagined Speech Decoding and Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Sani Saminu ◽  
Guizhi Xu ◽  
Zhang Shuai ◽  
Abd El Kader Isselmou ◽  
Adamu Halilu Jabire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Neurological Processes ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Neuroprosthetic Devices ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The recent investigations and advances in imagined speech decoding and recognition has tremendously improved the decoding of speech directly from brain activity with the help of several neuroimaging techniques that assist us in exploring the neurological processes of imagined speech. This development leads to assist people with disabilities to benefit from neuroprosthetic devices that improve the life of those suffering from neurological disorders. This paper presents the summary of recent progress in decoding imagined speech using Electroenceplography (EEG) signal, as this neuroimaging method enable us to monitor brain activity with high temporal resolution, it is very portable, low cost, and safer as compared to other methods. Therefore, it is a good candidate in investigating an imagined speech decoding from the human cortex which remains a challenging task. The paper also reviews some recent techniques, challenges, future recommendations and possible solutions to improve prosthetic devices and the development of brain computer interface system (BCI).

scholarly journals The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and waking in laboratory mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ge Huang ◽  
Sarah J Flaherty ◽  
Carina A Pothecary ◽  
Russell G Foster ◽  
Stuart N Peirson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Metabolic Suppression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

Low-cost electroencephalogram (EEG) based authentication

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Ashby ◽  
Amit Bhatia ◽  
Francesco Tenore ◽  
Jacob Vogelstein
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Data Acquisition and Data Processing using Electroencephalogram in Neuromarketing: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Annis Shafika Amran ◽  
Sharifah Aida Sheikh Ibrahim ◽  
Nurul Hashimah Ahamed Hassain Malim ◽  
Nurfaten Hamzah ◽  
Putra Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Latent Space Models ◽  
Cost Feasibility ◽  
Medical Healthcare ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a neurotechnology used to measure brain activity via brain impulses. Throughout the years, EEG has contributed tremendously to data-driven research models (e.g., Generalised Linear Models, Bayesian Generative Models, and Latent Space Models) in Neuroscience Technology and Neuroinformatic. Due to versatility, portability, cost feasibility, and non-invasiveness. It contributed to various Neuroscientific data that led to advancement in medical, education, management, and even the marketing field. In the past years, the extensive uses of EEG have been inclined towards medical healthcare studies such as in disease detection and as an intervention in mental disorders, but not fully explored for uses in neuromarketing. Hence, this study construes the data acquisition technique in neuroscience studies using electroencephalogram and outlines the trend of revolution of this technique in aspects of its technology and databases by focusing on neuromarketing uses.

Separation or Synthesis: A Holistic Approach to Therapeutics

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Kathi J. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specialized Health Care ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spiritual Healers

Over the past 50 years, health care has grown more complex and specialized. Health-care institutions now are staffed with an array of specialist physicians, social workers, psychologists, therapists, and nutritionists as well as general practitioners and nurses. The types of providers outside of the hospital are even more numerous and diverse: physicians; nurses; nurse practitioners; chiropractors; counselors; acupuncturists; herbalists; spiritual healers; and purveyors of nutritional supplements, aromatherapy, crystals, and more. Intent on distinguishing their "products," providers focus on differences, polarizing into distinct camps such as "mainstream or traditional" versus "alternative or unconventional." Although these dichotomies are simple, they also can mislead. The definition of "alternative" is very dependent on the definition "mainstream"; acupuncture may be an alternative in one setting, but it clearly is traditional within Asian communities. Therapies that once were considered unconventional, such as hypnosis and meditation, have moved into many mainstream medical settings. (See Sugarman article "Hypnosis: Teaching Children Self-regulation" in the January 1996 issue of Pediatrics in Review.) The public wants health care that is low-cost, safe, effective, and personalized. Practitioners of "natural" therapies often are viewed as more humanistic and less technological than busy physicians. According to one study, in 1990, alternative medical therapies were used by nearly one third of Americans.1

The Management of Idiopathic Chronic Pain: A Holistic Approach

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-431
Author(s):  
H. Brent Richard ◽  
Gerald H. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Secondary Gain ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Symptom Formation

The evaluation and treatment of the patient with idiopathic chronic pain traditionally has involved a sequence of studies first by the internist, then the neurologist, and finally the psychiatrist. This has resulted in an overutilization of costly health care services and may paradoxically have helped to promote symptom chronicity. In keeping with recent developments in the field of psychosomatic medicine, a coordinated biopsychosocial approach is advocated with the identification and amelioration of the multiple determinants of symptom formation in each of these interrelated sub-systems. A case is presented in which the application of this holistic approach appeared to help curtail the overuse of health care services and at the same time helped to diminish psychosocial reinforcers in the form of secondary gain.

Enhancement of Eye Motor Response and Electrical Brain Activity during Noise and Vibration in Rabbits

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmari Pyykkö ◽  
Izuru Matsuoka ◽  
Shinsuke Ito ◽  
Manabe Hinoki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements was studied in rabbits during optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular tests. EEG was recorded through permanently implanted electrodes. Exposure to noise and vibration increased the frequency and the velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The increase was greater during vibration but greatest during combined noise and vibration. EEG activity was closely linked to changes in OKN and was particularly evident with the appearance of theta waves in the dorsal hippocampus. Also, rotation of the rabbit produced considerable activation in the EEG.

Walking by Thinking: The Brainwaves Are Crucial, Not the Muscles!

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Leeb ◽  
Claudia Keinrath ◽  
Doron Friedman ◽  
Christoph Guger ◽  
Reinhold Scherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythms ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Healthy Participants

Healthy participants are able to move forward within a virtual environment (VE) by the imagination of foot movement. This is achieved by using a brain-computer interface (BCI) that transforms thought-modulated electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings into a control signal. A BCI establishes a communication channel between the human brain and the computer. The basic principle of the Graz-BCI is the detection and classification of motor-imagery-related EEG patterns, whereby the dynamics of sensorimotor rhythms are analyzed. A BCI is a closed-loop system and information is visually fed back to the user about the success or failure of an intended movement imagination. Feedback can be realized in different ways, from a simple moving bar graph to navigation in VEs. The goals of this work are twofold: first, to show the influence of different feedback types on the same task, and second, to demonstrate that it is possible to move through a VE (e.g., a virtual street) without any muscular activity, using only the imagination of foot movement. In the presented work, data from BCI feedback displayed on a conventional monitor are compared with data from BCI feedback in VE experiments with a head-mounted display (HMD) and in a high immersive projection environment (Cave). Results of three participants are reported to demonstrate the proof-of-concept. The data indicate that the type of feedback has an influence on the task performance, but not on the BCI classification accuracy. The participants achieved their best performances viewing feedback in the Cave. Furthermore the VE feedback provided motivation for the subjects.

scholarly journals A Review of the Use of Methadone for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Opioid Dose ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Noncancer Pain ◽  
High Bioavailability

Methadone, although having been available for approximately half a century, is now receiving increasing attention in the management of chronic pain. This is due to recent research showing that methadone exhibits at least three different mechanisms of action including potent opioid agonism, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonism and monoaminergic effects. This, along with methadone's excellent oral and rectal absorption, high bioavailability, long duration of action and low cost, make it a very attractive option for the treatment of chronic pain. The disadvantages of significant interindividual variation in pharmacokinetics, graduated dose equivalency ratios based on prerotation opioid dose when switching from another opioid, and the requirement for special exemption for prescribing methadone make it more complicated to use. The present review is intended to educate physicians interested in adding methadone to their armamentarium for assisting patients with moderate to severe pain.

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