scholarly journals Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Gypsum-Based Nanocomposite Bone Cements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham F. El-Maghraby ◽  
Yaser E. Greish
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
High Degree

Hard tissues are natural nanocomposites comprising collagen nanofibers that are interlocked with hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystallites. This mechanical interlocking at the nanoscale provides the unique properties of hard tissues (bone and teeth). Upon fracture, cements are usually used for treatment of simple fractures or as an adhesive for the treatment of complicated fractures that require the use of metallic implants. Most of the commercially available bone cements are polymer-based, and lack the required bioactivity for a successful cementation. Besides calcium phosphate cements, gypsum is one of the early recognized and used biomaterials as a basi for a self-setting cementation. It is based on the controlled hydration of plaster of Paris at room temperature and its subsequent conversion to a self-setting solid gypsum product. In our work, we have taken this process further towards the development of a set of nanocomposites that have enhanced bioactivity and mechanical properties. This chapter will outline the formation, characterization, and properties of gypsum-based nanocomposites for bone cement applications. These modified cements can be formulated at room temperature and have been shown to possess a high degree of bioactivity, and are considered potential candidates for bone fracture and defect treatment.

Therapy and regeneration-combined bone cements for minimally invasive treatment of neoplastic bone defects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qu ◽  
Hui Zhuang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Dong Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements ◽  
Bone Tumor Resection

Although calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have been clinically used to repair bone defects caused by bone tumor resection, traditional CPC cannot kill the remaining tumor cells after surgery and prevent...

Synthesis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate by Wet Reaction and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Beatriz Thürmer ◽  
Rafaela Silveira Vieira ◽  
Juliana Machado Fernandes ◽  
Wilbur Trajano Guerin Coelho ◽  
Luis Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium phosphate cements have bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can be molded and replace portions of bone tissue. The aim of this work was to study the obtainment of α-tricalcium phosphate, the main phase of calcium phosphate cement, by wet reaction from calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid. There are no reports about α-tricalcium phosphate obtained by this method. Two routes of chemical precipitation were evaluated and the use of two calcinations temperatures to obtain the phase of cement. The influence of calcination temperature on the mechanical properties of cement was evaluated. Cement samples were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of synthesis route on the crystalline phases of cement and the influence of concentration of reactants on the product of the reaction, as well as, on the mechanical properties of cement.

scholarly journals Enhancing the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cements using short-length polyhydroxyalkanoate fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru OGASAWARA ◽  
Takenori SAWAMURA ◽  
Hirotaka MAEDA ◽  
Akiko OBATA ◽  
Hitoshi HIRATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Dimensional and thermal behaviour of calcium phosphate cements during setting compared to PMMA bone cements

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FernÁndez ◽  
M. P. Ginebra ◽  
O. Bermúdez ◽  
M. G. Boltong ◽  
F. C. M. Driessens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Role of macropore size in the mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of porous calcium phosphate cements

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (18) ◽  
pp. 2028-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Feng ◽  
Meng Guolin ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Liu Changshen ◽  
Wang Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Thermoreversible Crosslinking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Rubber Using Ionic Interactions, Hydrogen Bonding and a Combination Thereof

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. J. van der Mee ◽  
J. G. P. Goossens ◽  
M. van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Ionic Interactions ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Bonded Materials ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymer (MAn-g-EPM) was thermoreversibly crosslinked using different routes, i.e. ionic interactions (ionomers), hydrogen bonding and a combination thereof. Microphase separation into polar MAn-rich aggregates occurs for MAn-g-EPM and all crosslinked materials, which act as physical crosslinks. The crosslink density does not change upon modification, but the strength of the aggregates is significantly increased, resulting in improved mechanical properties. All materials except the potassium ionomer with high degree of neutralization (DN) could be remolded into homogeneous and smooth films without chemical changes, indicating that the crosslinks are truly thermoreversible. A comparison of the mechanical properties, i.e. tensile properties and compression set at room temperature, for the different crosslinking routes showed that the poorest properties are obtained for hydrogen-bonded materials. The potassium ionomer with high DN has the best properties by far, but is difficult to process. Comparable mechanical properties are obtained for zinc ionomers, potassium ionomers with low DN and amide-salts, which combine ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The amide-salts have a distinct advantage in processing over the ionomers, since they can be compression molded at much lower temperatures, although high temperatures should be avoided because of irreversible imide formation.

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