scholarly journals The Role of Mycorrhizae on Seedlings and Early Growth of Sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wawan Sulistiono ◽  
Taryono
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Application Techniques

The role of mycorrhizae in plant growth is well known, such as the ability to increase nutrient uptake, especially phosphate (P), drought tolerance, and resistance to pathogens. It is necessary to understand the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal technology in industrial plant production systems and their impact on agriculture systems. Large-scale nurseries of plantations require proper mycorrhizal application techniques. The relationship of mycorrhizal infection with plant yield (biomass) is known and in the next step, appropriate application time is needed to increase the effectiveness of mycorrhizae in plant growth and yield. Application of mycorrhizal inoculum was more effective in increasing the biomass of sugarcane stem weight to reach 61% with an increase in infection of 41.3%. In addition, the mycorrhizal application increases the root growth of sugarcane seedlings. The root growth promoting ability is important to increase the initial growth of plants after transplanting in dry land under the influence of drought stress, limited nutrients. The application of this technology is expected to increase plant growth, facilitate the maintenance and efficiency of cultivation on an industrial scale.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Inoculation Improves Plant Growth and Yield of Micropropagated Early Globe Artichoke under Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Gaetano Pandino ◽  
Sara Lombardo ◽  
Lo Monaco Antonino ◽  
Claudia Ruta ◽  
Giovanni Mauromicale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Growing Seasons

The micropropagation appears to be a valid alternative method for the production of large-scale, phenotypically homogeneous, and disease-free plants, particularly for spring globe artichoke genotypes. Nevertheless, micropropagated plants have some problems during the acclimatization in field environments. The inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi appeared to overcome the transplanting stress. Therefore, a comparison was drawn between the field performances of different vegetative propagation techniques (micropropagated/mycorrhized and offshoots cultivation) of early globe artichoke clones over two growing seasons. The micropropagation/mycorrhization appeared to deliver a better field performance in terms of both plant growth and productivity traits as compared with offshoots cultivated. In particular, the micropopagated/mycorrhized plants exhibited the highest vegetative growth values than the offshoots of the cultivated ones, such as the plant height and the main floral stem length. The micropopagated/mycorrhized plants were also more productive, exceeding the head yield of offshoots cultivated ones by about 63%. However, the micropopagated/mycorrhized plants accumulated almost a month late on the first harvest respect to offshoots cultivated ones. Our data also showed that the effects of the new proposed propagation method were genotype- and season-dependent. Accordingly, some plant growth and productivity traits showed significant ‘propagation method × genotype’ and ‘propagation method × growing season’ interaction. This study revealed that the micropropagation, as well as the mycorrhization, could represent an efficient and sustainable cropping system to reintroduce and increase the productivity of autochthons landraces.

scholarly journals Nitrogen on growth and yield of lettuce plants grown under root confinement

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Francieli L Cardoso ◽  
Jerônimo L Andriolo ◽  
Miriane Dal Picio ◽  
Marcieli Piccin ◽  
Jéssica M Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that when lettuce plants grow under root confinement, development and yield is reduced and that such negative effects may be compensated by increasing nitrogen availability in the rooting media. The experiment was conducted between August 11st and September 23rd 2011. Lettuce transplants, cultivar Stella, bearing five leaves, were planted in pots using sand as substrate. Treatments were three root confinement levels and five N concentrations in the nutrient solution, in a 3x5 factorial randomized experimental design with four replications. Root confinements were simulated by pot sizes of 2.5 dm³ (no confinement, the control); 1.0 dm³ (moderate) and 0.4 dm³ (severe). Nitrogen concentrations were: 5.55 (C1), 8.05 (C2), 10.55 (C3), 13.05 (C4) and 15.55 (C5) mmol/L. Interactions were observed between confinement levels and N concentrations. Plants grown under severe root confinement supplied by the nutrient solution at the concentration of 10.55 mmol/L of N reached leaf growth similar to those under no root confinement at 5.55 mmol/L of N. Increasing the N concentration in the nutrient solution enhanced shoot growth but decreased root growth. In lettuce plants grown under root confinement, plant growth is reduced and it is not compensated by increasing N fertilization rates. In both horticultural conventional or soilless production systems, managing practices for stimulate root growth has to be considered to maximize lettuce plant growth and nitrogen use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 and Gly Plant Growth Regulators on Productivity and Sugar Content of Sugarcane

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen ◽  
Dang ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Tran ◽  
Giang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Actual Yield

The use of plant growth regulators is one effective solution to improve sugarcane yields and sugar content in several countries. In this study, we examined the role of gibberellin acid (GA3) and glyphosate (Gly) plant growth regulators to determine the appropriate concentration of GA3 and Gly to increase the yield of sugarcane and sugar accumulation, respectively. The statistical results showed that GA3 was sprayed at 150 ppm to increment the actual yield by 19.94%; sucrose accumulation increased by 2.21%. With Gly treatment, although the yield decreased by 3.17%, sucrose accumulation increased by 11.27% compared to control trials. In this study, the combined concentration of 150 ppm of both GA3 and Gly gave the best results, for which sucrose accumulation increased from 2.21% to 10.74% and from 19.94% to 20.97% for actual yield. The results led to increased net income compared to the control. To address concerns about residues of plant growth regulators, residues of GA3 and Gly were evaluated after the sugarcane harvest using the HPLC and UV-vis methods, respectively. The analyzed results showed that their residues were lower than what is permitted in several countries. This showed the applicability of the study, on a large scale, to increase sucrose accumulation, productivity of sugarcane, and profit for farmers.

scholarly journals Phosphate Import at the Arbuscule: Just a Nutrient?

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yi Yang ◽  
Uta Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Cortex Cell

Central to the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is the arbuscule, the site where symbiotic phosphate is delivered. Initial investigations in legumes have led to the exciting observation that symbiotic phosphate uptake not only enhances plant growth but also regulates arbuscule dynamics and is, furthermore, required for maintenance of the symbiosis. This review evaluates the possible role of the phosphate ion, not only as a nutrient but also as a signal that is necessary for reprogramming the host cortex cell for symbiosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Morphological Pattern of Mycorrhization in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Fertilized With Phosphorus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
José Maria Tupinambá da Silva Júnior ◽  
Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho ◽  
Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Lange Ness ◽  
Aldênia Mendes Mascena de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Microorganisms perform important functions in the soil and, among these organisms, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth should be highlighted. AMF colonize the roots of most plant species and their beneficial functions in plant development include increased absorption of nutrients from the soil, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus (P). Evaluating agricultural practices conducted by farmers, such as phosphate fertilization, and observing how they will influence AMF activity in benefiting plant growth should be prioritized. Thus, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of cowpea plants colonized by AMF and to know which morphological pattern of colonization prevails in their roots. Five P doses and a control treatment, without fertilization, were added to the soil. Cowpea plants respond to phosphate fertilization up to the dose of 240.50 mg P kg-1 soil, for shoot dry mass and in the dose of 150 mg P kg-1 soil, for plant height. The morphological pattern observed in the roots was the intermediate type, characterized by the presence of intra and intercellular hyphae and vesicles, and there was no influence of phosphate fertilization on morphology. High P contents added to the soil led to a reduction in mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea roots.

scholarly journals Incorporating Water Harvesting into Plasticulture Production of Muskmelon

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Dainello ◽  
Larry Stein ◽  
Guy Fipps ◽  
Kenneth White
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Competition for limited water supplies is increasing world wide. Especially hard hit are the irrigated crop production regions, such as the Lower Rio Grande Valley and the Winter Garden areas of south Texas. To develop production techniques for reducing supplemental water needs of vegetable crops, an ancient water harvesting technique called rainfall capture was adapted to contemporary, large scale irrigated muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L.) production systems. The rainfall capture system developed consisted of plastic mulched miniature water catchments located on raised seed beds. This system was compared with conventional dry land and irrigated melon production. Rainfall capture resulted in 108% average yield increase over the conventional dry land technique. When compared with conventional furrow irrigation, rainfall capture increased marketable muskmelon yield as much as 5355 lb/acre (6000 kg·ha-1). As anticipated,the drip irrigation/plastic mulch system exceeded rainfall capture in total and marketable fruit yield. The results of this study suggest that rainfall capture can reduce total supplemental water use in muskmelon production. The major benefit of the rainfall capture system is believed to be in its ability to eliminate or decrease irrigation water needed to fill the soil profile before planting.

scholarly journals Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Compost Supply on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Young Leek Plants Grown on Peat-based Substrates

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Perner ◽  
Dietmar Schwarz ◽  
Eckhard George
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Substrate Quality

Organic horticultural production systems often are characterized by the use of beneficial soil microorganisms because the application of soluble inorganic P or N fertilizers is not endorsed. Due to the limited supply of soluble nutrients in organic production systems, nutrient deficiency may limit plant growth and yield. The sole use of peat for pot-based cultures is also discouraged in organic production systems. Therefore, we have studied viable alternatives for highly soluble fertilizers and pure peat substrates using leek [Allium ampeloprasum L. var. Porrum] as a test plant. Plants were grown on peat-based substrates with different rates of compost additions, and with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Inoculation with a commercial AM fungus inoculum resulted in colonization rates of up to 70% of total root length, whereas not inoculated plants remained free of root colonization. Mycorrhizal fungus colonization increased shoot Zn and K concentrations, but did not significantly affect shoot dry matter or shoot N and P concentrations. In contrast, compost addition increased plant growth, and also increased P and K concentrations in plants. We conclude that plants with high rates of mycorrhizal colonization can be obtained on peat-based substrates, but that under these conditions plants may not consistently benefit in growth from the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In contrast, additions of compost are a possible means to improve the substrate quality in organic horticultural production.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Revealed GhWOX4 Intercedes Myriad Regulatory Pathways to Modulate Drought Tolerance and Vascular Growth in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Lisen Liu ◽  
Fuguang Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Vascular Growth

Cotton is a paramount cash crop around the globe. Among all abiotic stresses, drought is a leading cause of cotton growth and yield loss. However, the molecular link between drought stress and vascular growth and development is relatively uncharted. Here, we validated a crucial role of GhWOX4, a transcription factor, modulating drought stress with that of vasculature growth in cotton. Knock-down of GhWOX4 decreased the stem width and severely compromised vascular growth and drought tolerance. Conversely, ectopic expression of GhWOX4 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to drought stress. Comparative RNAseq analysis revealed auxin responsive protein (AUX/IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene were significantly induced. Additionally, MYC-bHLH, WRKY, MYB, homeodomain, and heat-shock transcription factors (HSF) were differentially expressed in control plants as compared to GhWOX4-silenced plants. The promotor zone of GhWOX4 was found congested with plant growth, light, and stress response related cis-elements. differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to stress, water deprivation, and desiccation response were repressed in drought treated GhWOX4-virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants as compared to control. Gene ontology (GO) functions related to cell proliferation, light response, fluid transport, and flavonoid biosynthesis were over-induced in TRV: 156-0 h/TRV: 156-1 h (control) in comparison to TRV: VIGS-0 h/TRV: VIGS-1 h (GhWOX4-silenced) plants. This study improves our context for elucidating the pivotal role of GhWOX4 transcription factors (TF), which mediates drought tolerance, plays a decisive role in plant growth and development, and is likely involved in different regulatory pathways in cotton.

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