scholarly journals Dental Stem Cell Banking and Applications of Dental Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karley Bates ◽  
Vincent S. Gallicchio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Banking

Since the identification of mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell biology is a greatly researched field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapies and has become an essential part of dentistry. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into many cell types. Dental mesenchymal stem cell populations have been identified in dental pulp, human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental follicle of third molars, tooth germ of third molars, gingiva of periodontium, alveolar bone, and apical papilla. Dental stem cells are the most natural, noninvasive source of stem cells that have been identified, and they have gained recent attention due to their accessibility and the associated relatively low cost of integration into regenerative therapy. Long-term preservation of dental stem cells is becoming a popular consideration and mirrors the ideology of banking umbilical cord blood. This review outlines the recent progress in the mesenchymal stem cells used in dentistry as well as some advancements that are being made in preserving dental stem cells for future personalized medicine. The aim of this study was to completely and concisely review the current use of adult dental stem cells specifically oral sources of stem cells, banking of dental stem cells, and applications or uses of dental stem cells specifically in oral regions and in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of dental stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141770253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Paul Chalisserry ◽  
Seung Yun Nam ◽  
Sang Hyug Park ◽  
Sukumaran Anil
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissues

Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle progenitor cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Dental stem cells are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. The dental stem cells represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. The bioengineering technologies developed for tooth regeneration will make substantial contributions to understand the developmental process and will encourage future organ replacement by regenerative therapies in a wide variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. The concept of developing tooth banking and preservation of dental stem cells is promising. Further research in the area has the potential to herald a new dawn in effective treatment of notoriously difficult diseases which could prove highly beneficial to mankind in the long run.

scholarly journals Concerns of a Pediatric Dentist in Dental Stem Cells: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
Suseela Keerti Popuri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
And Storage

Stem cell biology has become an essential part of regenerative medicine and dentistry. The fact of availability of these stem cells among various dental tissues has doubled the researcher’s enthusiasm in the recent years due to fewer ethical constraints and minimally invasive nature. Stem cells from deciduous tooth among the dental stem cells are the ones obtained with least or no trauma. To date, enormous research has been reported on dental stem cells. The purpose of this review is to focus only on certain aspects of dental stem cells that are important to the specialty of pedodontics. Thus, a detailed emphasis is given on stem cells obtained from human deciduous teeth including their harvesting and storage techniques.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Proliferation and Differentiation Potential of Human Urine-, Placenta Decidua Basalis-, and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguang Wu ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yi-zhou Huang ◽  
Yongcan Huang ◽  
Ornella Parolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Decidua Basalis

Human multipotent stem cell-based therapies have shown remarkable potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple adult cell types under appropriate conditions. Presently, human multipotent stem cells can be isolated from different sources, but variation among their basic biology can result in suboptimal selection of seed cells in preclinical and clinical research. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of multipotent stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, placental decidua basalis, and urine, respectively. First, we found that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) displayed different morphologies compared with other stem cell types. USCs and placenta decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) had superior proliferation ability in contrast to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); these cells grew to have the highest colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. In phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, similarity among all stem cell marker expression was found, excluding CD29 and CD105. Regarding stem cell differentiation capability, USCs were observed to have better adipogenic and endothelial abilities as well as vascularization potential compared to BMSCs and PDB-MSCs. As for osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, BMSCs were superior to all three stem cell types. Future therapeutic indications and clinical applications of BMSCs, PDB-MSCs, and USCs should be based on their characteristics, such as growth kinetics and differentiation capabilities.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Rabia Ikram ◽  
Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Shamsuddin ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Qadir ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Potential Applicability

Thanks to stem cells’ capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, damaged human tissues and organs can be rapidly well-repaired. Therefore, their applicability in the emerging field of regenerative medicine can be further expanded, serving as a promising multifunctional tool for tissue engineering, treatments for various diseases, and other biomedical applications as well. However, the differentiation and survival of the stem cells into specific lineages is crucial to be exclusively controlled. In this frame, growth factors and chemical agents are utilized to stimulate and adjust proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells, although challenges related with degradation, side effects, and high cost should be overcome. Owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties, graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely used as scaffolds to manipulate stem cell growth and differentiation potential. Herein, we provide the most recent research progress in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) growth, differentiation and function utilizing graphene derivatives as extracellular scaffolds. The interaction of graphene derivatives in human and rat MSCs has been also evaluated. Graphene-based nanomaterials are biocompatible, exhibiting a great potential applicability in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine as they may promote the behaviour control of the stem cells. Finally, the challenges, prospects and future trends in the field are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gele Liu ◽  
Brian T. David ◽  
Matthew Trawczynski ◽  
Richard G. Fessler
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Technology

AbstractOver the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. In this article, we provide a systemic overview of the major recent discoveries in this exciting and rapidly developing field. We begin by discussing experimental advances in the generation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), next moving to the maintenance of stem cells in different culture types, and finishing with a discussion of three-dimensional (3D) cell technology and future stem cell applications. Specifically, we highlight the following crucial domains: 1) sources of pluripotent cells; 2) next-generation in vivo direct reprogramming technology; 3) cell types derived from PSCs and the influence of genetic memory; 4) induction of pluripotency with genomic modifications; 5) construction of vectors with reprogramming factor combinations; 6) enhancing pluripotency with small molecules and genetic signaling pathways; 7) induction of cell reprogramming by RNA signaling; 8) induction and enhancement of pluripotency with chemicals; 9) maintenance of pluripotency and genomic stability in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); 10) feeder-free and xenon-free culture environments; 11) biomaterial applications in stem cell biology; 12) three-dimensional (3D) cell technology; 13) 3D bioprinting; 14) downstream stem cell applications; and 15) current ethical issues in stem cell and regenerative medicine. This review, encompassing the fundamental concepts of regenerative medicine, is intended to provide a comprehensive portrait of important progress in stem cell research and development. Innovative technologies and real-world applications are emphasized for readers interested in the exciting, promising, and challenging field of stem cells and those seeking guidance in planning future research direction.

Realistic Prospects for Stem Cell Therapeutics

Hematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 398-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Q. Daley ◽  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Evan Y. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Studies of the regenerating hematopoietic system have led to the definition of many of the fundamental principles of stem cell biology. Therapies based on a range of tissue stem cells have been widely touted as a new treatment modality, presaging an emerging new specialty called regenerative medicine that promises to harness stem cells from embryonic and somatic sources to provide replacement cell therapies for genetic, malignant, and degenerative conditions. Insights borne from stem cell biology also portend development of protein and small molecule therapeutics that act on endogenous stem cells to promote repair and regeneration. Much of the newfound enthusiasm for regenerative medicine stems from the hope that advances in the laboratory will be followed soon thereafter by breakthrough treatments in the clinic. But how does one sort through the hype to judge the true promise? Are stem cell biologists and the media building expectations that cannot be met? Which diseases can be treated, and when can we expect success? In this review, we outline the realms of investigation that are capturing the most attention, and consider the current state of scientific understanding and controversy regarding the properties of embryonic and somatic (adult) stem cells. Our objective is to provide a framework for appreciating the promise while at the same time understanding the challenges behind translating fundamental stem cell biology into novel clinical therapies.

scholarly journals Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha as a Marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Development and Stem Cell Biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin M. Farahani ◽  
Munira Xaymardan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Factor Receptor Alpha ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Three decades on, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been intensively researched on the bench top and used clinically. However, ambiguity still exists in regard to their anatomical locations, identities, functions, and extent of their differentiative abilities. One of the major impediments in the quest of the MSC research has been lack of appropriatein vivomarkers. In recent years, this obstacle has been resolved to some degree as PDGFRαemerges as an important mesenchymal stem cell marker. Accumulating lines of evidence are showing that the PDGFRα+cells reside in the perivascular locations of many adult interstitium and fulfil the classic concepts of MSCsin vitroandin vivo. PDGFRαhas long been recognised for its roles in the mesoderm formation and connective tissue development during the embryogenesis. Current review describes the lines of evidence regarding the role of PDGFRαin morphogenesis and differentiation and its implications for MSC biology.

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