scholarly journals Epidemiology, Genetics and Resistance of Alternaria Blight in Oilseed Brassica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subroto Das Jyoti ◽  
Naima Sultana ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Breeding Goal ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Subsequent Selection

Alternaria blight is one of the most deadly diseases of oilseed Brassica. This recalcitrant disease causes up to 50% yield loss across the globe. The disease is mainly caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. These pathogens lack sexual stages and survive as conidia or condiospores on the debris of previous crops and susceptible weeds. Developing resistant oilseed Brassica cultivars to this disease has become a prime concern for researchers over the years. In absence of resistant oilseed Brassica cultivar, identification and introgression of resistance related genes can be a potential source for Alternaria blight resistance. As resistance toward Alternaria blight is governed by polygenes, intercrossing between the tolerant genotypes and subsequent selection will be the most appropriate way to transfer the quantitative resistance. For that reason, future breeding goal should focus on screening of germplasms for selecting genotypes containing resistance genes and structural features that favors resistance, like thick epicuticular wax, biochemical components such as phenols, phytoalexins and lower soluble sugars, reducing sugars and soluble nitrogen. Selected genotypes should be brought under appropriate breeding programs for attaining Alternaria blight resistance.

An evaluation of the use of dihaploids and unreduced gametes in breeding for quantitative resistance to potato pathogens

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. De Maine
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potato Pathogens ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYIn a breeding programme to combine quantitative resistance to two important potato pathogens, Phytophthora infestans causing late blight in foliage and Qlobodera pallida (the cream potato cyst-nematode), tetraploid (4 ×) off spring were obtained by crossing dihaploids, mainly as females, with tetraploids. Glasshouse and field tests in the first and second tuber-years showed that most of the off spring of highly blight-resistant dihaploids had high resistance to P. infestans. Two such dihaploids, PDH 182 and PDH 247, crossed with a tetraploid selected for high general combining ability for potato cyst-nematode (PCN) resistance, gave off spring all of which were highly blight resistant. About one third also had high PCN resistance.Detached leaflet tests were used for rapid blight resistance screening of other progenies from dihaploid × 4 × crosses in their seedling year. Differences were found in the effects of 4 × parents on the mean resistances of progenies from blight-resistant dihaploids.The results also showed differences between dihaploids in their effectiveness in transmitting blight resistance to 4 × offspring. This could be due to differences in the mode of unreduced female gamete formation, i.e. first division restitution or second division restitution (SDR). If all the unreduced gametes were produced by SDR, the differences could be due to differences in homozygosity between dihaploids with respect to blight resistance genes.The dihaploid × 4 × crosses gave few offspring per pollination. The few seedlings obtained may be offset by a higher frequency with the required characters. Since fewer seedlings would have to be grown in order to find the required combination of characters, savings could be made in planting and resistance-testing facilities over those required in conventional breeding.The tetraploid hybrids obtained can be used in a second cycle of breeding in three ways simultaneously: by crossing with other tetraploids, by crossing with dihaploids selected for complementary characters and to produce dihaploids with combined resistances.

scholarly journals Documentation variation for Alternaria blight resistance in varieties of Rapeseed mustard

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1397-1400
Author(s):  
Sumant Pratap Singh ◽  
NA Khan ◽  
Reeshu Singh ◽  
HK Singh ◽  
S Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Blight

scholarly journals Tagging Quantitative Trait Loci for Maturity-Corrected Late Blight Resistance in Tetraploid Potato with PCR-Based Candidate Gene Markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1126-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Angelika Bormann ◽  
Andreas Marcus Rickert ◽  
Rosa Angela Castillo Ruiz ◽  
Jürgen Paal ◽  
Jens Lübeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Tetraploid Potato ◽  
Plant Maturity

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the economically most important and destructive disease in potato cultivation. Quantitative resistance to late blight available in tetraploid cultivars is correlated with late maturity in temperate climates, which is an undesirable characteristic. A total of 30 DNA-based markers known to be linked to loci for pathogen resistance in diploid potato were selected and tested as polymerase chain reaction-based markers for linkage with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for late blight resistance and plant maturity in two half-sib families of tetraploid potatoes. Most markers originated from within or were physically closely linked to candidate genes for quantitative resistance factors. The families were repeatedly evaluated in the field for quantitative resistance to late blight and maturity. Resistance was corrected for the maturity effect. Nine of eleven different map segments tagged by the markers harbored QTL affecting maturity-corrected resistance. Interactions were found between unlinked resistance QTL, providing testable strategies for marker-assisted selection in tetraploid potato. Based on the linkage observed between QTL for resistance and plant maturity and based on the genetic interactions observed between candidate genes tagging resistance QTL, we discuss models for the molecular basis of quantitative resistance and maturity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Amistar in Controlling Alternaria Blight and Yield of Mustard Variety Rai-5

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
I Hossain ◽  
MA Akter ◽  
MB Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Leaf Infection

The effect of Amistar in controlling Alternaria blight of mustard was investigated and the selected mustard variety Rai- 5 was used. Amistar @ 0.05% (1 spray), 0.05% (2 spray), 0.05% (3 spray), 0.1% (1 spray), 0.1% (2 spray) and 0.1% (3 spray) were sprayed at 14 days interval beginning from 40 days after sowing (DAS). Amistar resulted significant reduction of the disease Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola) severity and increased seed yield. Out of the doses of Amistar used, 0.1% (3 spray) showed marked effect in reducing the disease over control in terms of reduction of % Alternaria blight incidence, % leaf infection and % leaf area diseased up to 90.72%, 90.42% and 98.17%, respectively as well as reduction of % siliqua infection and % area of siliqua diseased up to 96.17% and 98.80%, respectively and thus increased seed yield up to 56.47% over control. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 191-197 2018

Synthetic molecular mimics of naturally occurring cyclopentenones exhibit antifungal activity towards pathogenic fungi

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 3435-3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Jonathan Behrendt ◽  
Andrew J. Sutherland ◽  
Gareth Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Membrane Perturbation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The naturally occurring reactive electrophilic species 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-oxo-PDA) is a potent antifungal agent, whereas the plant growth regulator jasmonic acid, which is synthesized from 12-oxo-PDA, is ineffective. To address what structural features of the molecule endow it with antifungal activity, we synthesized a series of molecular mimics of 12-oxo-PDA varying in the length of the alkyl chain at its C-4 ring position. The octyl analogue (4-octyl cyclopentenone) was the most effective at suppressing spore germination and subsequent mycelial growth of a range of fungal pathogens and was particularly effective against Cladosporium herbarum and Botrytis cinerea, with minimum fungicidal concentrations in the range 100–200 µM. Introduction of a carboxyl group to the end of the chain, mimicking natural fatty acids, markedly reduced antifungal efficacy. Electrolyte leakage, indicative of membrane perturbation, was evident in both C. herbarum and B. cinerea exposed to 4-octyl cyclopentenone. Lipid composition analysis of the fungal spores revealed that those species with a high oil content, namely Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria brassicicola, were less sensitive to 4-octyl cyclopentenone. The comparable hydrophobicity of 4-octyl cyclopentenone and 12-oxo-PDA accounts for the similar spore suppression activity of these two compounds. The relative ease of synthesis of 4-octyl cyclopentenone makes it an attractive compound for potential use as an antifungal agent.

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