scholarly journals Ocular Toxoplasmosis: An Update on Diagnosis, Multimodal Imaging and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terese Kamal Gerges
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Uveitis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Antimicrobial Combinations ◽  
Rapid Treatment

Ocular toxoplasmosis remains to be the most common cause of infectious uveitis in immunocompetent individuals with highly variable prognosis. The transmission mode can be either congenital or acquired. A precise diagnosis of the disease is necessary to opt effective and rapid treatment. While ocular toxoplasmosis usually presents in the classic form, it may as well present in variable clinical spectrum. The diagnosis can be suspected by the ocular inflammatory clinical presentation as well as multimodal imaging. However, serologic tests including intraocular fluid testing may be needed. Treatment includes combination of systemic antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory drugs with variable effectivity. More recently, intravitreally antimicrobials may be used. The chapter aims to layout the different clinical presentations and complications of ocular toxoplasmosis. Diagnostic techniques and different antimicrobial combinations for treatment will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Host-Directed Therapies for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda O. Novais ◽  
Camila Farias Amorim ◽  
Phillip Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Improve Clinical Outcome

Cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from self-resolving infections to severe chronic disease. Anti-parasitic drugs are often ineffective in the most severe forms of the disease, and in some cases the magnitude of the disease can result from an uncontrolled inflammatory response rather than unrestrained parasite replication. In these patients, host-directed therapies offer a novel approach to improve clinical outcome. Importantly, there are many anti-inflammatory drugs with known safety and efficacy profiles that are currently used for other inflammatory diseases and are readily available to be used for leishmaniasis. However, since leishmaniasis consists of a wide range of clinical entities, mediated by a diverse group of leishmanial species, host-directed therapies will need to be tailored for specific types of leishmaniasis. There is now substantial evidence that host-directed therapies are likely to be beneficial beyond autoimmune diseases and cancer and thus should be an important component in the armamentarium to modulate the severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Male infertility: biomolecular aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
Alessandro Bertoldo ◽  
Carlo Foresta
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

AbstractMale infertility is a problem that faces increasing interest, and the continuous development of assisted reproduction techniques solicits attempts to identify a precise diagnosis, in particular for idiopathic infertile couples and those undergoing assisted reproductive technique cycles. To date, diagnosis of male infertility is commonly based on standard semen analysis, but in many cases, this is not enough to detect any sperm abnormality. A better understanding of biomolecular issues and mechanism of damaged spermatogenesis and the refinement of the molecular techniques for sperm evaluation and selection are important advances that can lead to the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic management of male and couple infertility. Faced with a growing number of new proposed techniques and diagnostic tests, it is fundamental to know which tests are already routinely used in the clinical practice and those that are likely to be used in the near future. This review focuses on the main molecular diagnostic techniques for male infertility and on newly developed methods that will probably be part of routine sperm analysis in the near future.

scholarly journals Chronic endometritis. Towards the improvement of diagnostic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
A.M. Shamilova ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Il’ina ◽  
E.I. Borovkova ◽  
Yu.E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Autoimmune Processes ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

This paper reviews an important issue that significantly affects female fertility, chronic endometritis. This condition is characterized by clinical presentations of various severity and abnormalities of endometrial morphology. The rate of chronic endometritis varies greatly, mainly due to predominantly asymptomatic course and imperfect diagnostics. Pathogenic mechanisms of endometrial inflammation and different views on its effects on female reproductive potential are addressed. Further search for endometrial receptivity markers is needed as these markers will allow for assessing the severity of endometrial damage to develop the algorithm of preconception care. The authors focus on diagnostic techniques for chronic endometritis and their value. Immunohistochemistry of endometrium is a promising tool to be applied to diagnose endometrial inflammation and monitor treatment efficacy. A complex diagnostic approach to chronic endometritis that includes pelvic ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, assessment of endometrial microbiota, diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial histopathology, and evaluation of endometrial receptivity is useful. KEYWORDS: chronic endometritis, termination of pregnancy, infertility, autoimmune processes, chronic inflammation, endometrial structure, immunohistochemistry. FOR CITATION: Shamilova A.M., Il’ina I.Yu., Borovkova E.I., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Chronic endometritis. Towards the improvement of diagnostic methods. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):243–249 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-243-249.

scholarly journals Rare localization of angiolipoma in the gastrointestinal tract: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052093858
Author(s):  
Juan Sun ◽  
Weiming Kang ◽  
Ziyang Zeng ◽  
Zimu Zhang ◽  
Xianze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection

Objective Angiolipoma is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This case series was performed to increase clinicians’ understanding of the diagnosis and management of GI angiolipoma. Methods We evaluated the clinical presentations, diagnoses, and treatments of 3 patients with angiolipoma in the upper GI tract in our hospital and 27 cases reported in the literature. Results Among all 30 cases of GI angiolipoma, 2 originated in the esophagus, 4 in the stomach, 2 in the duodenum, 1 in the jejunum, 7 in the ileum, 1 in the cecum, 9 in the colon, 2 in the rectum, and 2 in both the duodenum and colon. Conclusion Angiolipoma of the GI tract may be more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly men and be located in the ileum and colon. The clinical manifestations generally involve upper GI hemorrhage and lower GI pain and obstruction. Computed tomography and endoscopy may be effective diagnostic techniques, but postoperative histopathologic examination is still the gold standard. The management of angiolipoma in the GI tract depends on the size and type of lesion. Most cases in the present series were managed by complete surgical resection, after which no recurrence was found.

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast of A Young Boy: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Huque Mahfuz ◽  
Mohammad Elias Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Mosleh Uddin ◽  
Md Mostafil Karim ◽  
Md Golam Robbani
Keyword(s):  
Granulocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
The Body ◽  
Myeloid Sarcoma ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Granulocytic sarcoma also called myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary tumour of immature granulocytic cells. It is a rare entity and most frequently associated with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) but can occur with other myeloproliferative disorders. It may occur at any site, leading to very varied clinical presentations. Although it can occur in a number of areas of the body, the involvement of the breast is uncommon. We present a rare case of MS in a 14?year?old boy with a non-tender lump in the left breast that had been apparent for five months. Available diagnostic techniques, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were systematically performed. After mastectomy, biopsy and immunohistochemistry was done. Immuno-histochemical stains were positive for CD45 (haematological marker) and myeloid markers, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), and CD68, CD43 suggesting the diagnosis of MS. Although MS is a rare tumour in breast and its diagnosis is usually difficult, the clinician must know about its existence to make differential diagnosis.

Brucellosis: A Retrospective Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Işikgöz Taşbakan ◽  
Tansu Yamazhan ◽  
Deniz Gökengin ◽  
Bilgin Arda ◽  
Mahmut Sertpolat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antimicrobial Regimen

One hundred and sixty-six presumed brucellosis patients were included in the study. These patients were classified as primary (91), relapse (18) and suspected (57) cases according to their clinical presentations, and serologic and microbiologic test results. Primary and relapse cases were evaluated retrospectively according to age, sex, residence, routes of transmission, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment regimens, duration of treatment, and relapse rates. Of the 109 primary and relapse patients, 57 were male and 52 female. The ages of the patients ranged between 16–75 (mean age 40.2). The percentages of the urban and rural residence of the patients were 41.3% and 58.7%, respectively. The most common mode of transmission was consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products (67.9%). Malaise, fever and sweating were the most frequently observed symptoms (96.3%, 95.4%, 91.7%, respectively). The most common signs were fever (97.2%), splenomegaly (59.6%), and hepatomegaly (37.6%). The liver was the most frequently involved organ (21.1%). Almost all (99.1%) patients were serologically positive. However, the positivity rate of culture was low (15.6%). The most frequently preferred antimicrobial regimen was rifampin and doxycycline combination. The relapse rate was 8.3%. Brucellosis is still prevalent in Turkey as in many other countries in the Mediterranean basin. The clinical presentation of the disease may show regional variations. Patients with a history of occupational or nutritional contact with the bacterium and with a compatible clinical picture should be examined using appropriate diagnostic techniques before any attempt to prescribe an antimicrobial.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Hepatic Tumor

HPB Surgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Antonio Frena ◽  
Alighieri Mazziotti ◽  
Gianfranco Zanetti ◽  
Giuseppe Gozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Hepatic Tumor ◽  
Right Hepatectomy ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Extended Right Hepatectomy

A case is reported of a large hepatic tumor in a patient aged 71. Preoperative diagnostic techniques, including echography, CT and angiography, did not provide sufficient criteria for a precise diagnosis. The mass was removed with an extended right hepatectomy with no particular physiopathological consequences. Histological analysis revealed that this was a metastasis from a melonoma of the choroid, operated on 17 years previously.

scholarly journals Elevated Erythropoietin and Multicystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Nai ◽  
Kalyani Regeti ◽  
Sabrina Arshed ◽  
Mohammed Amzad Hossain ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasm ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Cystic lesions of the pancreas are more frequently recognized due to the widespread use of improved imaging techniques. There are a variety of pancreatic cystic lesions with different clinical presentations and malignant potentials, and their management depends on the type of the cysts. Although the early recognition of a cystic neoplasm with malignant potential provides an opportunity of early surgical treatment, the precise diagnosis of the cystic neoplasm can be a challenge, largely due to the lack of reliable biomarkers of malignant transformation. We report a case of a large, multicystic neoplasm within the body and tail of the pancreas complicated by elevated erythropoietin, which is likely related to the malignant transformation of the pancreatic neoplasm.

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