scholarly journals Basic Tools and Techniques for Assessing Strength and General Endurance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Yurchenko ◽  
Maria O. Zamulina

The desire of more and more segments of the population for self-improvement and self-expression through amateur sports has acquired a global scale. The evaluation and analysis of the amateur athletes’ achievements in the chosen physical activity become of practical importance for most amateur athletes and open up the possibility of developing innovative interventions to stimulate the engagement in physical activity of as much population as possible. For this purpose, we have developed an elementary methodology for monitoring the achieved level of strength and overall endurance of students, designed to monitor and motivate amateur athletes of various types of physical activity. The purpose of this research project was to conduct the targeted analysis of the array of physiological indicators of those engaged in physical activity, and also to justify and test technologies for collecting and interpreting objective indicators of performing elementary physical test exercises and calculating their dependence on objective indicators of the cardiovascular system. Subsequently, we planned to develop a simple methodology for collecting, evaluating, and interpreting test information. We suggest using this technique in the daily training sessions of amateur athletes of various qualifications.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Batten ◽  
Meshari F Alwashmi ◽  
Gerald Mugford ◽  
Misa Muccio ◽  
Angele Besner ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes increasingly rapidly. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of a diabetes prevention program (DPP) in lifestyle modifications which can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among individuals at-risk. Digital DPPs have the potential to utilize technology, in conjunction with behavior change science, to prevent prediabetes on a national and global scale OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a digital DPP (VP Transform for Prediabetes) on weight loss and physical activity among participants who had completed twelve months of the program. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of retrospective data of adults with prediabetes who were enrolled in VP Transform for Prediabetes for 12 months of the program. The program incorporates interactive mobile computing, remote monitoring, an evidence-based curriculum, behavior tracking tools, health coaching and online peer support to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. Analysis included data that were collected at baseline and after 12 months of the VP Transform for Prediabetes DPP. RESULTS The sample (N=1,095) comprised people with prediabetes who completed 12 months of the VP Transform for Prediabetes program. Participants included 67.7% female, with a mean age of 53.6 (SD 9.75). On average, participants decreased their weight by 10.9 pounds (5.5%) and increased their physical activity by 91.2 minutes per week. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VP Transform for Prediabetes is effective at preventing type 2 diabetes through significant reduction in body weight and increase of physical activity. Furthermore, these results suggest that the DPP remains effective 12 months after beginning the program. A prospective, controlled clinical study is warranted to validate these findings.


Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽  
Marcos Tadeu Grzelczak ◽  
William Cordeiro de Souza ◽  
Antonio Stabelini Neto ◽  
Yamileth Chacón-Araya ◽  
...  

The purpose of the study was to compare the aerobic power of prepubescent children (Tanner 1 stage). Participants were 95 children between 7 and 9 years old, divided into 4 physical activity level groups: a) Trained (n = 24), b) Sport beginners (n = 23), c) Active (n = 24), and d) Sedentary (n = 24). Physical activity level was determined by a three-day physical activity diary. Subjects performed a treadmill Balk protocol to obtain their peak oxygen uptake. Comparisons were made using ANOVA two-way and post hoc Tukey followed-up the significant differences for p< 0,05. Trained, sport beginners and active children presented similar amount of physical activity level, but they significantly differ from the sedentary children (p< 0.05). Overall boys (50.67 ± 8.52 ml/kg/min) had higher relative peak oxygen uptake than girls (45.19 ± 6.44 ml/kg/min). The gender by group interaction showed that this difference is explained by the superior values of the trained boys (58.80 ± 8.98 ml/kg/min) when compared to trained girls (47.51 ± 5.68 ml/kg/min), even though they presented the same amount of physical activity level. The trained group (53.16 ± 9.34 ml/kg/min) showed higher relative peak oxygen uptake compared to sport beginners (48.90 ± 6.54 ml/kg/min), active children (45.46 ± 7.50 ml/kg/min) and sedentary children (44.63 ± 9.52 ml/kg/min). The results suggest that prepubescent children that participate in systematized trained programs have better physiological indicators for aerobic fitness.Key words. aerobic power, physical activity, children.Resumen. El propósito del estudio fue comparar la potencia aeróbica de niños prepubescentes (Estadio de Tanner 1). Participaron 95 niños y niñas con edades entre 7 y 9 años, divididos en 4 grupos basados en sus niveles de actividad física: a) Entrenados (n = 24), b) Principiantes en deportes (n = 23), c) Activos (n = 24), y d) Sedentarios (n = 24). Los niveles de actividad física se determinaron por medio de un diario de actividad física de tres días. Los participantes realizaron el protocolo de Balke en banda sin fin para obtener el consumo de oxígeno pico. Se hicieron comparaciones con ANOVA de dos vías y post hoc de Tukey cuando se encontraron diferencias significativas a un p < 0.05. Los niños prepubescentes entrenados, principiantes en deportes y activos presentaron niveles de actividad física similares, pero fueron significativamente diferentes de los niños sedentarios (p < 0.05). En general, los niños presentaron mayor consumo de oxígeno pico (50.67 ± 8.52 ml/kg/min) que las niñas (45.19 ± 6.44 ml/kg/min). La interacción de sexo por grupo mostró que esta diferencia se explica por el mayor valor de los niños entrenados (58.80 ± 8.98 ml/kg/min) cuando se les comparó con las niñas entrenadas (47.51 ± 5.68 ml/kg/min), aunque tuvieran el mismo nivel de actividad física. El grupo entrenado (53.16 ± 9.34 ml/kg/min) presentó mayores valores de consumo de oxígeno pico comparados con los principiantes (48.90 ± 6.54 ml/kg/min), niños activos (45.46 ± 7.50 ml/kg/min) y niños sedentarios (44.63 ± 9.52 ml/kg/min). Los resultados sugieren que los niños prepubescentes que participan en programas de entrenamiento sistemáticos tienen mejores indicadores fisiológicos de capacidad aeróbica.Palabras claves. potencia aeróbica, actividad física, niños


The ease with which explosives detonate on receiving a sharp blow or shock is of practical importance in determining manufacturing precautions and safety in handling, and also in deciding what initiators can be used. Physical tests on sensitiveness have hitherto imitated either manufacturing or service conditions as closely as possible. With any one physical test, such as that of the impact machine (cf. part III (1)), it is possible to arrange explosives in a scale of sensitiveness. The order of sensitiveness in a scale determined in any one way may be quite different from the order determined in other ways, but owing to the empirical nature of the tests it is often difficult to explain why anomalies occur. Results in accordance with each other are, however, obtained in many cases. Progress in synthetic organic chemistry has increased the range of possible explosives to such an extent that some more scientific information on sensitiveness would be most useful in orienting future developments. Various developments in the experimental knowledge on the subject are discussed in the following sections.


2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Maydanyuk ◽  
N. V. Vdovenko

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of intense physical activity on testosterone, cortisol and insulin blood concentration in elite athletes. The study was conducted with the participation of 26 elite athletes of endurance events. This study assessed the resting hormones concentration before exercise and acute response of hormones concentration after intensive physical loads. The influence of intensive physical loads with different direction (strength and speed vs incremental load to VO2 max achievement) was investigated. The average values of total testosterone in blood serum, measured at rest state before exercise were 28,2 nmol·l-1, 40 minutes after exercise – 19,2 nmol·l-1. The mean concentration of cortisol was 506,2 nmol·l-1, after physical activity – 518,1 nmol·l-1. The average value morning insulin concentration was 6,6 μIU·l-1, after loading 5,6 μIU·l-1. It was established a significant (p = 0.001) decrease of the total testosterone concentration after intensive physical loads; the registered changes in the blood cortisol and insulin concentrations were not statistically significant. A significant correlation was established (p ≤ 0.05) between the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max, ml·min·kg-1) and testosterone concentration (r = 0.76 resting morning concentration, r = 0.87 after intensive physical loads), cortisol (r = 0.69) and insulin (r = 0.51) after exercising. It was established the differences in testosterone concentration due intensive physical loads with various direction (strength and speed vs incremental load to VO2 max achievement). The significant difference of cortisol and insulin concentration depending the physical test was not found in this study.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Čuprika ◽  
Andra Fernāte ◽  
Leonīds Čupriks

Abstract As it is mentioned in the action direction Healthy and Workable Individual of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2012 –2020: 30% of all the dead in Latvia have lost their life at the age of being able to work. The main causes of death rate are different diseases (cardio-vascular a.o.), as well as outer death causes (injuries) (Pudule et al, 2012; Štale et al, 2013). Only 8% of the EU and 6% of the Latvian population regularly perform moderate and very difficult physical activity (PA) (Eurobarometer, 2013). Therefore it is necessary to implement purposeful and effective health promoting and risk limiting events to develop the physical capital of one. The understanding of the impact of physical activity on one’s physical capital is not well explored in the previous studies (Hutson, 2012; Maguire, 2008; Goldenberg, 2003; Hedblom, 2009). Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the relationship between PA and the objective indicators of physical capital for women in fitness. In the study voluntarily participated 33 women (30±4.1 years) from 2 fitness clubs in Riga. In order to determine the respondents’ objective indicators of physical capital were applied: bioimpedance method (TANITA SC330, Japan, 89/336/EC), heart rate variability analysis data processing software ‘Omega’, complex load test with expiratory gas analysis (VIASYS Healthcare GMBH, Germany) and Eirofit tests for adults. In order to determine the level of PA the IPAQ (Craig et al, 2003) short version in Latvian (Kaupuzs & Larins, 2010) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made (SPSS ver.18.0). Several moderately close (0.5<|rs|<0.69; p<0.01) and close correlations (0.7<|rs|<0.99; p<0.01) are determined between the level of PA and indicators of body composition, physical work capacity, physical fitness and functional state of the body. The level of PA has a positive impact on the objective indicators of physical capital. The more physically active the respondent is, the better physical fitness, higher work capacity, better the indicators of his body composition are and better functional state.


2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-513
Author(s):  
Dale W. Russell ◽  
Joshua Kazman ◽  
Cristel Antonia Russell

Objectives: US Army reserve soldiers and active-duty soldiers differ in their daily work demands and supporting resources, yet research on reservists’ health and fitness is lacking. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether physical test failure rates and health behaviors differed between active-duty soldiers and reserve soldiers and (2) establish which demographic and health behavioral factors were associated with failing physical tests. Methods: We analyzed a sample of 239 329 US Army active-duty and reserve soldiers surveyed from September 2013 through March 2015 using the Global Assessment Tool. We extracted data on soldier demographic characteristics and health behaviors, as well as Body Composition Test (BCT) and Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) results. We compared the 2 groups using the active-to-reserve adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for each variable. We used logistic regression models to determine which variables were associated with failing these tests. Results: The odds of failing the BCT (aOR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.78) or the APFT (aOR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.30-0.32) were lower among active-duty soldiers than among reservists, and the odds of doing high levels of high-intensity interval training (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.42-1.51), resistance training (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.42-1.48), and vigorous physical activity (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI, 2.86-2.98) were higher among active-duty soldiers than among reservists. The odds of using tobacco (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.35-1.40), binge drinking alcohol (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.13), having insomnia (aOR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.43-1.48) or mild depression (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.48-1.53), and sustaining a physical activity–related injury (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI, 2.47-2.57) were higher among active-duty soldiers than among reservists. Conclusions: Policy makers and military leaders could use this information to implement health screenings and tailor health-promotion, intervention, and treatment programs.


Author(s):  
Luciana Botelho Ribeiro ◽  
Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽  
Flávio Rebustini ◽  
Priscila Carneiro Valim-Rogatto ◽  
Afonso Antonio Machado

Background: Motivation is an important variable for sports performance. It is important because it is a psychological variable that coordinates and directs the intensity and direction of the individuals’ efforts in the activity to be performed. In this way, studying it, as a variable that interferes in the performance of athletes is of paramount importance. Objective: To investigate the reasons of injured volleyball athletes to return to regular practice of their activities. Method: The research was carried out using an sequential exploratory, mixed method. IMPRAF-54 and the Focus Group technique were used. The Inventory of Motivation for the Regular Practice of Physical Activity (IMPRAF-54) evaluates the reasons for the practice of regular physical activity, distributed in six different processes. Thus, in the first phase, 32 amateur volleyball players of the juvenile and adult categories, of both genders, with a mean age of 35.45 years participated in the study. After the participants answered the questionnaire, the Focus group was formed with 10 athletes, who participated in the second part of the study. These athletes participated in four meetings to discuss the dimensions posed by the researchers, in an attempt to observe if the athletes interpreted the dimensions of IMPRAF-54 in ways similar to that expected by the instrument. Results: The results showed that athletes were motivated in the dimension of pleasure, health and sociability. In the Focus group, the results reinforced the data of the IMPRAF 54, in addition, this phase allowed to explore the perceptions of the sensations and the feelings of the athletes while injured. Conclusion: It is possible to state that while amateur athletes are recovering from injuries, the focus is not competition. Knowledge of these results may aid in the type of psychological work that can be performed while athletes are injured.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 331-331
Author(s):  
Konstantin Bochaver ◽  
Dmitriy Bondarev ◽  
Alexandra Bochaver

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
Krystyna Rożek-Piechura ◽  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Monika Kurzaj ◽  
Teresa Sławinska ◽  
Anna Skrzek ◽  
...  

AbstractAnthropometric, functional and physical activity characteristics of contemporary adult descendants of Upper Silesian immigrants to Texas in the mid-19th century and current residents in Upper Silesia were compared. The sample included 45 residents in Central Texas, 25 women and 20 men, and 36 residents in rural Upper Silesia, 24 women and 12 men, 54-76 years of age. Variables included selected demographic characteristics, anthropometry, estimated body composition, several physiological indicators, strength and functional fitness, and physical activity. Sex-specific MANCOVA and Chi square were used for comparisons. Descendants of Silesian immigrants to Texas were taller, on average, while differences in other anthropometric variables were variable. All residents in Silesia and the majority of descendants of Silesian migrants to Texas were overweight or obese. Differences in hemodynamic and respiratory functions and responses to a 6-minute walk were inconsistent, while none of the fitness variables differed significantly between the samples. Although residents in Upper Silesia were significantly more physically active descendants of Silesians in Texas, >80% of the men and women in both samples scored below the criterion-reference standard for the maintenance of physical independence in the 6-minute walk.


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