scholarly journals Treatment of Tannery Effluent of Unit Bovine Hides’ Unhairing Liming by the Precipitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anass Omor ◽  
Karima Elkarrach ◽  
Redouane Ouafi ◽  
Zakia Rais ◽  
Fatima-Zahra ElMadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Sulphide Ions ◽  
Aerobic Flora

The tannery effluents are characterized by high toxic pollutants such as sulfides; used in the tanning of animal’s skin. The mean objective of this work is the evaluation of the pollution degree of various operating units, and the treatment of tannery effluent generated from unhairing-liming unit. According to physicochemical characterization, this effluent was largely basic and very loaded in sulfides, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment as well. Otherwise, the microbiological characterization showed an absence of pathogenic bacteria and a low concentration of mesophilic aerobic flora, because of this effluent toxicity. Thus, the treatment of this effluent is indispensable before its reject into the environment. In fact, chemical precipitation is a promising approach for the treatment of this effluent. In this regard, ferric chloride was used as chemical agent to reduce and removal sulphide ions from this effluent. As result, this treatment gave an excellent abatement rate of sulphide, which reached more than 90% using a pH of 8.5 and a ferric chloride concentration of 1.4 mol/L.

scholarly journals Treatment of Tannery Effluent by Locally Available Commercial Grade Lime

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sabur ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. Safiullah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Before And After

The treatment of tannery effluent was carried out based on the locally available commercial grade lime. Collected tannery effluent was acidic (pH 3.94) in nature with total chromium content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and the conductivity at 30°C were 987 mg/L, 3175.32 mg O2/L, 22915 mg/L, 13360 mg/L and 60.7 mS/cm, respectively. The effluent was treated by chemical precipitation method and the dependency on pH in the treatment was investigated by altering the pH from 6.0 to 11.0 by the gradual addition of lime slurry. The treated effluents were characterized primarily in terms of COD and conductivity and we obtained lowest COD (345 mg O2/L) and conductivity (21.4 mS/cm at 30°C) values at pH 9. Then a large scale treatment was carried out with 20.0 L of the effluent in the same experimental condition at pH 9 and the removal of chromium, COD, TSS, TDS and conductivity (at 30°C) were achieved up to 99.79, 60.99, 97.22, 98.27 and 41.85%, respectively. Chloride concentration was also measured before and after treatment but no significant change was observed. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.12557        J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 143-150 (2013)

scholarly journals Boat Pressure Washing Wastewater Treatment with Calcium Oxide and/or Ferric Chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Višnja Oreščanin ◽  
Robert Kollar ◽  
Karlo Nađ ◽  
Ivanka Mikelić ◽  
Nenad Mikulić
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Washing Wastewater ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Final Effluent

Boat Pressure Washing Wastewater Treatment with Calcium Oxide and/or Ferric ChlorideThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of (1) chemical precipitation by calcium oxide, (2) coagulation/flocculation by ferric chloride (FC), and (3) the combination these two methods in reducing the toxicity of wastewater generated by boat pressure washing. All three methods gave satisfactory results in the removal of colour, turbidity, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals were lowered below national limits with 1 g of CaO, 2.54 mg of Fe3+ in the form of FeCl3x6H2O, and the combination of 0.25 g of CaO and 5.08 mg of Fe3+ per 50 mL of wastewater. Both CaO (1.50 g per 50 mL of wastewater) and FC proved efficient, but their combination yielded a significantly better performance: 99.41 %, 100.00 %, 97.87 %, 99.09 %, 99.90 %, 99.46 % and 98.33 % for colour, turbidity, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb respectively. For colour, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb removal efficiencies increased in the following order: FC<CaO<CaO+FC, while this order for turbidity and Fe was as follows: CaO<FC<CaO+FC. As expected, all three methods increased the concentration of total dissolved solids in the final effluent. Our results suggest that the combined treatment of marina wastewaters with calcium oxide followed by ferric chloride is efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly.

scholarly journals Bioreduction of Cr(VI) by Viable Cells and Cell-Free Extract of a Moderate Halophile, Halomonas Smyrnensis KS802 and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Efficacy in Tannery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas ◽  
AK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Halomonas Smyrnensis

Abstract The present study was aimed to characterize the chromate reducing ability of cells and cell-free extract (CFE) of Halomonas smyrnensis KS802 (GenBank Accession No. KU982965) and evaluate their effectiveness in tannery effluents. Viable cells of the strain reduced 200 µM Cr(VI) in basal medium for halophiles (MH) in 10 h and was inversely proportional to Cr(VI) concentrations. The rapid reduction by cells (10⁹ cells/mL) was achieved with 7.5% NaCl, at pH 7 and 37°C which increased with increasing cell density (10¹° cells/mL). While acetate, Cu³⁺, Fe³⁺, SO₄²⁻, and CO₃²⁻ were stimulating the reduction, the inhibitors retarded the process significantly. The NADH-dependent chromate reduction of the CFE was found to be constitutive with Km and Vmax values of 56.58 µM and 3.37 µM/min/mg protein respectively. The optimal reductase activity of the CFE was evident at 200 µM Cr(VI), 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 and at 45°C. A higher concentration of CFE and electron donors increased the enzyme activity but was impacted negatively by toxic metals and anions. Both the cells and CFE were capable of reducing Cr(VI) remarkably from tannery effluent. FTIR and XRD spectra of chromate reducing cells confirmed possible complexation of reduced Cr-species with functional groups on cell surface.

3 FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR OPTIMISATION OF COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF CAPTOPRIL

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (09) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
S. S Desai ◽  
◽  
K. A Dave ◽  
J. D. Naik ◽  
A. B. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Ich Guidelines

Captopril was quantitatively determined by colorimetry using ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide. 33 factorial design with help of design expert software (version 9.0.4) was used for optimisation of method. Effect of method variables such as concentration of ferric chloride, concentration of potassium ferricyanide and volume of both reagents was evaluated on method response absorbance. Optimum concentration of ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide was found to be 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively and optimum volume of both reagents was found to be 1.5 mL. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The linearity of the proposed method was found in the concentration range of 1.0 – 6.0 μg/mL with regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9913. The % recovery was found between 98.23- 104.25 %. The method was found to be precise as the values of % RSD obtained were found to be

scholarly journals Technical-economic comparison of chemical precipitation and ion exchange processes for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329-1335
Author(s):  
Agostina Chiavola ◽  
Simona Bongirolami ◽  
Giorgia Di Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Chemical precipitation with the addition of ferric chloride is commonly used to remove phosphorus from wastewater. However, since its application also involves several disadvantages, alternative solutions are required. The present paper shows the results of a full-scale experimental work aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the ion exchange process using a polymeric anion exchange resin impregnated with aluminum ions in the removal of phosphorus from wastewater. The study compared the results obtained through this process with chemical precipitation, considering both technical and economic issues. At the same dosage of 6 L/hour and influent concentration (about 6 mg/L), total removal efficiency of 95% and 78% (including also that occurring in the mechanical and biological processes) was achieved by means of the anion exchange process and chemical precipitation, respectively. However, in the latter case, this value was insufficient to ensure consistent compliance with the limit of 2 mg/L Ptot set on the effluent; to achieve this goal, the ferric chloride dosage had to be raised to 12 L/hour, thus increasing the related costs. Furthermore, the anion exchange process generated a lower sludge production. Therefore, the ion exchange process represents a valid alternative to chemical precipitation for P removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Raj ◽  
Sharad Kumar ◽  
Izharul Haq ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents

Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document