scholarly journals Vehicles Power Consumption: Case Study of Dar Rapid Transit Agency (DART) in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenedy Aliila Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Cost

Energy consumption and its environmental impact are now among the most challenging problems in most developing cities. The common sources of energy used as the fuel in transportation sector include gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, biofuels, electricity, coal, and hydrogen. However, in Tanzania, diesel and gasoline are still the dominant source of energy used by public and private vehicles. We have experienced significant efforts of converting conventional vehicles (gasoline engines) to operate on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or on hybrid system (gasoline and natural gas) as an alternative source of energy in Tanzania. The CNG is considered as cleaner combustion energy used as a vehicular fuel alternative to gasoline or diesel. In this chapter, the amount of energy consumption from the fuel combustion, the impact of environmental health (toxicity gas emission), the cost of fuel used by the transit buses in terms of fuel energy consumption, and driving profile are discussed. The scope of this work is based on the total energy contained in the fuel only. The ability of the engine to transform the available energy from the fuel into useful work power (efficiency) is left to the designers and manufacturers.

A Big Data Application for Energy Consumption Management of Commercial Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Big Data Application ◽  
The Cost

The demand for energy is increasing rapidly and, after a few years, it may surpass the available energy, which may lead the energy providers to increase the cost of energy consumption to compensate the cost for the production. This paper provides design and implementation details of a prototype big data application developed to help large buildings to automatically manage their energy consumption by setting energy consumption targets, collecting periodic energy consumption data, storing the data streams, displaying the energy consumption graphically in real-time, analyzing the consumption patterns, and generating energy consumption graphs and reports. The application is connected to Mongo NoSQL backend database to handle the large and continuously changing data. This big data energy consumption management system is expected to help the users in managing energy consumption by analyzing the patterns to see if it is within or above the desired consumption targets and displaying the data graphically.

Feasibility Analysis of Refuelling Infrastructure for Compressed Renewable Natural Gas Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Trucks in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Michela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Truck ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Renewable Natural Gas ◽  
The Cost

Abstract With environmental concerns and limited natural resources, there is a need for cleaner sources of energy in the transportation sector. Renewable natural gas (RNG) is being considered as a potential fuel for heavy-duty applications due to its comparable usage to diesel and gasoline in vehicles. The idea of compressed RNG vehicles is being proposed especially because it will potentially significantly reduce harmful emissions into the environment. This initiative is taken in order to decrease vehicle emissions and support Canada’s commitments to the climate plans reinforcing active transportation infrastructure, in concert with new transit infrastructure, and zero emission vehicles. This study examines the feasibility of implementing a nationwide network of compressed RNG refuelling infrastructure in order to accommodate a conversion of Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet from diesel fuel to RNG. Two methods, Constant Traffic and Variable Traffic, along with data about compressed RNG infrastructure and vehicles, were developed and used to predict fuelling requirements for Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet. Then, a detailed economic analysis was conducted on various test cases to estimate how different variables impact the final selling price of RNG. This provided insight with the understanding of what factors go into pricing RNG and if it can compete against diesel in the trucking market. Results disclosed that the cost to purchase RNG is the greatest factor in the final selling price of compressed RNG. Due to the variability in RNG production however, there is no precise cost, which makes predictions difficult. However, results revealed that it is possible for compressed RNG to be competitive with diesel, with the mean compressed RNG price being 16.5% cheaper than diesel, before being taxed. Future studies should focus on the feasibility of the production of RNG and the associated costs, with emphasis on the Canadian landscape. An in-depth analysis on operational and maintenance costs for compressed RNG refuelling stations may also provide predictions that are more accurate.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluate Emissions and Energy Consumption in Commuter Railways: Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel to Diesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7112
Author(s):  
Pablo Luque ◽  
Daniel A. Mántaras ◽  
Luciano Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pilot Tests

At present, there is a common effort to reduce the environmental effect of energy consumption. With this objective, the transportation sector seeks to improve emissions in all its modes. In particular, the rail transport industry is analysing various alternatives for non-electrified lines. These services are mainly carried out with diesel units. As an alternative to diesel fuel, in the present study the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in railway traction was analysed. A predictive model was developed and implemented in order to estimate the emissions impact of this fuel on different rail routes or networks. The model was fitted with real data obtained from pilot tests. In these tests, a train with two engines, one diesel and the other LNG, was used. The methodology was applied to evaluate the impact on consumption and emissions of the two fuels on a narrow-gauge commuter line. An improvement was observed in some indicators, while in others there was no clear progress. The conclusions that can be drawn are that CO2 (greenhouse gas) operating emissions are lower in the LNG engine than in the diesel line; CO emissions are lower in the diesel engine and emissions of other pollutants (nitrogen oxide and particles) are higher in the diesel engine by several orders of magnitude.

Assessment of Renewable Natural Gas Refuelling Stations for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Longo Michela
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Renewable Natural Gas ◽  
Green Fuels ◽  
The Cost

Abstract With environmental concerns and limited natural resources, there is a need for cleaner resources of energy in the transportation sector. Renewable natural gas (RNG) is being considered as a potential fuel for heavy-duty applications due to its comparable usage to diesel and gasoline in vehicles. The idea of compressed RNG vehicles is being proposed especially because it will significantly reduce harmful emissions into the environment. This study examines the feasibility of implementing a nationwide network of compressed RNG refueling infrastructure in order to accommodate a conversion of long-haul, heavy-duty (LHHD) truck fleet from diesel fuel to RNG. Two methods, Constant Traffic and Variable Traffic, along with data about compressed RNG infrastructure and vehicles, were developed and used to predict fuelling requirements for LHHD truck fleet. Then, a detailed economic analysis was conducted on various test cases to estimate how different variables impact the final selling price of RNG. This provided insight with the understanding of what factors go into pricing RNG and if it can compete against diesel in the trucking market. Results disclosed that the cost to purchase RNG is the greatest factor in the final selling price of compressed RNG. Due to the variability in RNG production however, there is no precise cost, which makes predictions challenging. However, results revealed that it is possible for compressed RNG to be competitive with diesel, with the mean compressed RNG price being 16.5% cheaper than diesel, before being taxed. Future studies should focus on the feasibility of the production of RNG and the associated costs. An in-depth analysis on operational and maintenance costs for compressed RNG refuelling stations may also provide predictions that are more accurate. The methodology developed in this feasibility analysis may serve as a useful tool for future techno-economics of RNG refuelling stations for other types of ICE fleets or those powered with alternative green fuels.

scholarly journals Energy efficient of the production of the heat insulation based on the basalt super thin fibers

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V.O. Kremnev ◽  
L.U. Shpilberg ◽  
A.V. Timoshchenko ◽  
O.V. Hylienko ◽  
Ye.V. Timoshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Cost

A brief historical overview of the creation of technology of the materials based on staple basalt fibers is given. The primary role in creating the technology of the Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a number of academic and sectoral institutes is noted. Thermophysical characteristics of basalt fibrous materials and basalt-bentonite products are given. For fibrous materials based on BSTF, the following dependences are given: thermal conductivity coefficient, as a function of density and temperature; optimal density of the heat insulating canvas, characterized by a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, as a function of temperature; the compaction factor of the canvas, as a function of temperature. The description of the multistage duplex process of the BSTF production is given. The block diagrams of the production processes for soft and semi-rigid products are considered. The stages of production at which natural gas is consumed are highlighted. A high proportion of the cost of energy in the cost of finished products reaches 70 - 80% is given. The results of experimental-industrial tests of the main gas-using equipment - melting furnaces, gas burners, tunnel dryer are given. Two methods were used to determine specific energy consumption. The maximum of the values determined by different methods was chosen as the defining value of energy consumption. There is a non-stationary nature of the equipment. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of specific indicators of natural gas consumption per unit of finished product, and heat per 1 kg of evaporated moisture. Thus, the specific consumption of natural gas per 1 kg of BSTF, for the existing technology, is 4,8 standard cubic meter, and the release of 1 cubic meters basalto-bentonite plate - 300 standard cubic meter. The basic heat engineering principles are formulated, which will allow a multiple increase in the energy efficiency of heat technologies, among them - the reduction of losses through the structures of equipment; loss reduction with high-temperature combustion products; intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in equipment components and elimination of unorganized gas exchange of internal technological volumes.

scholarly journals A novel hybrid liquefied natural gas process with absorption refrigeration integrated with molten carbonate fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mehrpooya ◽  
Parimah Bahramian ◽  
Fathollah Pourfayaz ◽  
Hadi Katooli ◽  
Mostafa Delpisheh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

Abstract The production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a high energy-consuming process. The study of ways to reduce energy consumption and consequently to reduce operational costs is imperative. Toward this purpose, this study proposes a hybrid system adopting a mixed refrigerant for the liquefaction of natural gas that is precooled with an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration (AR) cycle utilizing the exhaust heat of a molten carbonate fuel cell, 700°C and 2.74 bar, coupled with a gas turbine and a bottoming Brayton super-critical carbon dioxide cycle. The inauguration of the ammonia/water AR cycle to the LNG process increases the cooling load of the cycle by 10%, providing a 28.3-MW cooling load duty while having a 0.45 coefficient of performance. Employing the hybrid system reduces energy consumption, attaining 85% overall thermal efficiency, 53% electrical efficiency and 35% fuel cell efficiency. The hybrid system produces 6300 kg.mol.h−1 of LNG and 146.55 MW of electrical power. Thereafter, exergy and sensitivity analyses are implemented and, accordingly, the fuel cell had an 83% share of the exergy destruction and the whole system obtained a 95% exergy efficiency.

Performance analysis of a combined cooling, heating, and power system driven by a waste biomass fired Stirling engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harrod ◽  
P J Mago
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Combined Cooling

Due to the soaring costs and demand of energy in recent years, combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have arisen as an alternative to conventional power generation based on their potential to provide reductions in cost, primary energy consumption, and emissions. However, the application of these systems is commonly limited to internal combustion engine prime movers that use natural gas as the primary fuel source. Investigation of more efficient prime movers and renewable fuel applications is an integral part of improving CCHP technology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the performance of a CCHP system driven by a biomass fired Stirling engine. The study is carried out by considering an hour-by-hour CCHP simulation for a small office building located in Atlanta, Georgia. The hourly thermal and electrical demands for the building were obtained using the EnergyPlus software. Results for burning waste wood chip biomass are compared to results obtained burning natural gas to illustrate the effects of fuel choice and prime mover power output on the overall CCHP system performance. Based on the specified utility rates and including excess production buyback, the results suggest that fuel prices of less than $23/MWh must be maintained for savings in cost compared to the conventional case. In addition, the performance of the CCHP system using the Stirling engine is compared with the conventional system performance. This comparison is based on operational cost and primary energy consumption. When electricity can be sold back to the grid, results indicate that a wood chip fired system yields a potential cost savings of up to 50 per cent and a 20 per cent increase in primary energy consumption as compared with the conventional system. On the other hand, a natural gas fired system is shown to be ineffective for cost and primary energy consumption savings with increases of up to 85 per cent and 24 per cent compared to the conventional case, respectively. The variations in the operational cost and primary energy consumption are also shown to be sensitive to the electricity excess production and buyback rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document