scholarly journals Energy efficient of the production of the heat insulation based on the basalt super thin fibers

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V.O. Kremnev ◽  
L.U. Shpilberg ◽  
A.V. Timoshchenko ◽  
O.V. Hylienko ◽  
Ye.V. Timoshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Cost

A brief historical overview of the creation of technology of the materials based on staple basalt fibers is given. The primary role in creating the technology of the Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a number of academic and sectoral institutes is noted. Thermophysical characteristics of basalt fibrous materials and basalt-bentonite products are given. For fibrous materials based on BSTF, the following dependences are given: thermal conductivity coefficient, as a function of density and temperature; optimal density of the heat insulating canvas, characterized by a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, as a function of temperature; the compaction factor of the canvas, as a function of temperature. The description of the multistage duplex process of the BSTF production is given. The block diagrams of the production processes for soft and semi-rigid products are considered. The stages of production at which natural gas is consumed are highlighted. A high proportion of the cost of energy in the cost of finished products reaches 70 - 80% is given. The results of experimental-industrial tests of the main gas-using equipment - melting furnaces, gas burners, tunnel dryer are given. Two methods were used to determine specific energy consumption. The maximum of the values determined by different methods was chosen as the defining value of energy consumption. There is a non-stationary nature of the equipment. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of specific indicators of natural gas consumption per unit of finished product, and heat per 1 kg of evaporated moisture. Thus, the specific consumption of natural gas per 1 kg of BSTF, for the existing technology, is 4,8 standard cubic meter, and the release of 1 cubic meters basalto-bentonite plate - 300 standard cubic meter. The basic heat engineering principles are formulated, which will allow a multiple increase in the energy efficiency of heat technologies, among them - the reduction of losses through the structures of equipment; loss reduction with high-temperature combustion products; intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in equipment components and elimination of unorganized gas exchange of internal technological volumes.

scholarly journals Experimental Use of Microwaves in the High Temperature Foaming Process of Glass Waste to Manufacture Heat Insulating Material in Building Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Lucian Paunescu ◽  
Sorin Mircea Axinte ◽  
Marius Florin Dragoescu ◽  
Felicia Cosmulescu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Cellular Glass

Abstract                                                         The aim of the paper was the experimental manufacture of cellular glass from glass waste and coal ash as raw material and silicon carbide as a foaming agent, using the unconventional microwave heating technique. This heating technique, although known since the last century and recognized worldwide as fast and economical, is not yet industrially applied in high temperature thermal processes. The cellular glass manufacturing process requires high temperatures and the use of microwaves in this process is the originality of the work. The experiments aimed at producing thermal insulating materials with high porosity and low thermal conductivity for building construction similar in terms of quality to those manufactured industrially by conventional techniques, but with lower energy consumption. The obtained samples had adequate characteristics (apparent density 0.22-0.32 g/cm3, porosity 85.5-90.0%, thermal conductivity 0.043-0.060 W/m·K, compressive strength 1.23-1.34 MPa), and the specific energy consumption was low (0.84-0.89 kWh/kg). Theoretically, given the use of microwave equipment on an industrial scale, this consumption comparable in value to that industrially achieved by conventional techniques could decrease by up to 25%.

scholarly journals SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402093045
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Wajid Saleem ◽  
Syed Saqib ◽  
Jamal Umer ◽  
Ahmad Naveed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Brake Power

Considering the importance of alternative fuels in IC engines for environment safety, compressed natural gas has been extensively employed in SI engines. However, scarce efforts have been made to investigate the effect of compressed natural gas on engine lubricant oil for a long duration. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis has been made on the engine performance, emissions, and lubricant oil conditions using gasoline ( G)92 and compressed natural gas at different operating conditions using reliable sampling methods. The key parameters of the engine performance like brake power and brake-specific energy consumption were investigated at 80% throttle opening within 1500–4500 range of r/min. For the sake of emission tests, speed was varied uniformly by varying the load at a constant throttle. Furthermore, the engine was run at high and low loads for lubricant oil comparison. Although compressed natural gas showed a decrease in brake-specific energy consumption (7.94%) and emissions content, ( G)92 performed relatively better in the case of brake power (39.93% increase). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed for wear debris, lubricant oil physiochemical characteristics, and additives depletion in the case of compressed natural gas than those of ( G)92. The contents of metallic particles were decreased by 23.58%, 36.25%, 42.42%, and 66.67% for iron, aluminum, copper, and lead, respectively, for compressed natural gas.

Ionic Liquid [Bmim][NTf2] as Solvent for CO2 Removal in Offshore Processing of Natural Gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara C. Barbosa ◽  
Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo ◽  
José Luiz de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Removal Technologies

Offshore oil production in deep waters challenges CO2 removal technologies since, for extracting the oil, a huge flow rate of CO2-rich gas must be processed. Currently, amine absorption and membrane permeation are widely used for CO2 abatement in offshore rigs although they present some drawbacks such as high heat demand for CO2 stripping and high-power requirement to meet trans-membrane partial pressure difference, respectively. In this context, due to their low vapor pressure, high thermal stability and low energy consumption, ionic liquids have been considered a promising alternative to conventional CO2 capture technologies. The aim of this work is to define the most economically suitable operating condition for CO2 capture from Brazilian Pre-Salt natural gas using ionic liquid [Bmim][NTf2]. According to a process condition screening methodology, based on CO2 and CH4 Recoveries, Specific Energy Consumption and Life Cycle Cost, alternative with a two-stage solvent regeneration at 15 and 4 bar configures the most suitable one.

scholarly journals Vehicles Power Consumption: Case Study of Dar Rapid Transit Agency (DART) in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenedy Aliila Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Cost

Energy consumption and its environmental impact are now among the most challenging problems in most developing cities. The common sources of energy used as the fuel in transportation sector include gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, biofuels, electricity, coal, and hydrogen. However, in Tanzania, diesel and gasoline are still the dominant source of energy used by public and private vehicles. We have experienced significant efforts of converting conventional vehicles (gasoline engines) to operate on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or on hybrid system (gasoline and natural gas) as an alternative source of energy in Tanzania. The CNG is considered as cleaner combustion energy used as a vehicular fuel alternative to gasoline or diesel. In this chapter, the amount of energy consumption from the fuel combustion, the impact of environmental health (toxicity gas emission), the cost of fuel used by the transit buses in terms of fuel energy consumption, and driving profile are discussed. The scope of this work is based on the total energy contained in the fuel only. The ability of the engine to transform the available energy from the fuel into useful work power (efficiency) is left to the designers and manufacturers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Air Oxygen Enrichment Effects on Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines at Various Loads and Pilot Fuel Quantities

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roussos G. Papagiannakis ◽  
Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos ◽  
Constantine D. Rakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Pilot Fuel

The use of natural gas (NG) as supplement of the normal diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) environments (Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel, NG/DDF), seems to present an answer towards reducing soot or particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in existing and future diesel engine vehicles. The benefits for the environment can be even higher, as recently NG quality gas can be produced from biomass (bio-methane or bio-CNG or ‘green gas’). However, this engine type where the main fuel is the gaseous one and the diesel liquid fuel constitutes the ignition source (pilot), experiences higher specific energy consumption (SEC), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) emissions compared to the conventional (normal) diesel one, with these adverse effects becoming more apparent under partial load operation conditions. Apart from using bio-fuels as pilot fuel, it is anticipated that air oxygen enrichment—addition of oxygen in the intake air—can mitigate (at least partly) the associated negative results, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay. Therefore, the present work strives to investigate the effects of various degrees of oxygen enrichment on the combustion, performance, and emissions of such a NG/DDF engine, operated under various loads and pilot (diesel fuel) quantities. The study is carried out by using an in-house, comprehensive, computational model, which is a two-zone (phenomenological) one. The accuracy of the modeling results are tested by using related experimental data from the literature, acquired in an experimental investigation conducted on a naturally aspirated, light-duty, NG/DDF engine. The computational study is extended to include various pilot fuel quantities, attempting to identify the influence of the examined parameters and witness advantages and disadvantages. The study results demonstrate that the air oxygen enrichment reduces the specific energy consumption and CO emissions, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay (as revealed by the cylinder pressure and rate of heat release diagrams), without impairing seriously the soot and NO emissions. The conclusions of the specific investigation are much useful, particularly if wished to identify the optimum combination of the parameters under examination for improving the overall performance of existing CI engines functioning under natural gas/diesel fuel operating mode.

Biogas desulfurization and biogas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system – modeling study

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Makaruk ◽  
M. Miltner ◽  
M. Harasek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
High Hydrogen

Membrane gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for biogas upgrading and natural gas substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform natural gas substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the biogas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

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