scholarly journals Numerical Investigations of Electromagnetic Oscillations and Turbulences in Hall Thrusters Using Two Fluid Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhmander Singh ◽  
Bhavna Vidhani ◽  
Ashish Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Hall Thruster ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Hall Thrusters ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Electromagnetic Oscillations ◽  
Two Fluid

The first part of the contributed chapter discuss the overview of electric propulsion technology and its requirement in different space missions. The technical terms specific impulse and thrust are explained with their relation to exhaust velocity. The shortcoming of the Hall thrusters and its erosion problems of the channel walls are also conveyed. The second part of the chapter discuss the various waves and electromagnetic instabilities propagating in a Hall thruster magnetized plasma. The dispersion relation for the azimuthal growing waves is derived analytically with the help of magnetohydrodynamics theory. It is depicted that the growth rate of the instability increases with magnetic field, electron drift velocity and collisional frequency, whereas it is decreases with the initial drift of the ions.

scholarly journals Experimental Verification of the Magnetic Field Topography inside a small Hall Thruster

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Maciej Jakubczak ◽  
Jacek Kurzyna ◽  
Arsenii Riazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Hall Thruster ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Hall Thrusters ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Hall Sensors ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The magnetic circuit of a 500 W class Hall thruster, an electric propulsive device for spacecraft, was characterized experimentally and the results compared with simulation in order to verify the design. The commercial 3D gaussmeter, which was used in this work, was additionally recalibrated to compensate for translation and rotation of individual Hall sensors inside the probe. The Stokes stream function approach was applied to reconstruct the magnetic field topography in the thruster. The procedure, carried out on four different cases, yielded very good agreement between simulations and measurements, even for cusped configurations. Presented technique could be used as a robust method of verification of new magnetic circuit designs not only for Hall thrusters but also for a wide class of plasma devices for which detailed knowledge about actual distribution of magnetic field is crucial for optimization.

scholarly journals Structure of nonlinear whistlers moving through plasma at an angle to the magnetic field

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Геннадий Кичигин ◽  
Gennadiy Kichigin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Magnetic Field Change ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Two Fluid

The paper presents solutions of two-fluid magnetic hydrodynamics equations describing small-scale fast magnetosonic stable waves — nonlinear whist-lers moving in a cold magnetized plasma at an angle α to the external magnetic field. At the fixed angle α, the Alfvén Mach number of the whistlers has a narrow range of allowed values. It has been found that when passing from extremely small Mach numbers to ex-tremely large ones, amplitudes and spatial structure of wave velocity components and whistler magnetic field change significantly. The range of angles of the motion direction of whistlers with respect to direction of the the external magnetic field vector is determined. Within this range, the obtained approximate analytical and numerical solutions are in satisfactory agreement.

An Electro-Jet Rocket Engine With Big Thrust At Helical Corrugated Magnetic Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Andrey Arzhannikov ◽  
Alexey Beklemishev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Radial Electric Field ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Plasma Stream ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Drift Motion

A fundamentally new electro-jet rocket engine having a big thrust with a high specific impulse is described in this paper. The acceleration mechanism of magnetized plasma along the axis of a cylindrical chamber with a helical corrugated magnetic field is put in the basis of such engine. The plasma acceleration is achieved during its drift motion by applying a radial electric field. The analytical description of the plasma motion process gives a visual representation of how the diamagnetic forces provide the process of the continuous acceleration of plasma ions along the axis of the helical corrugated magnetic field. As the result of this process, the accelerated plasma stream flows through the expanding cross section of a magnetic nozzle and the thrust of the rocket engine is created. Estimated calculations showed the ability of the new electro-jet rocket engine to achieve the big trust (in the range 102 –104 Newton) with the high specific impulse (from the level 3·104 to 103 seconds, respectively) at a reasonable efficiency. This set of parameters is fundamentally unattainable for another jet engines operating on the basis of other physical mechanisms.

scholarly journals Magnetic field deformation due to electron drift in a Hall thruster

AIP Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 015008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liang ◽  
Ding Yongjie ◽  
Zhang Xu ◽  
Wei Liqiu ◽  
Yu Daren
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hall Thruster ◽  
Electron Drift

scholarly journals Structure of nonlinear whistlers moving through plasma at an angle to the magnetic field

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Геннадий Кичигин ◽  
Gennadiy Kichigin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Magnetic Field Change ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Two Fluid

The paper presents solutions of two-fluid magnetic hydrodynamics equations describing small-scale fast magnetosonic stable waves — nonlinear whist-lers moving in a cold magnetized plasma at an angle α to the external magnetic field. At the fixed angle α, the Alfvén Mach number of the whistlers has a narrow range of allowed values. It has been found that when passing from extremely small Mach numbers to ex-tremely large ones, amplitudes and spatial structure of wave velocity components and whistler magnetic field change significantly. The range of angles of the motion direction of whistlers with respect to direction of the the external magnetic field vector is determined. Within this range, the obtained approximate analytical and numerical solutions are in satisfactory agreement.

Parametric excitation of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized plasma

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. YUKHIMUK ◽  
V. A. YUKHIMUK ◽  
O. K. SIRENKO ◽  
Yu. M. VOITENKO
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Wave Generation ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Ambient Magnetic Field ◽  
Instability Growth ◽  
Parametric Processes ◽  
Two Fluid

The parametric interaction of an upper-hybrid pump wave with kinetic Alfvén and electromagnetic waves that propagate in parallel and perpendicular directions to the ambient magnetic field is investigated on the basis of two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. A nonlinear dispersion relation describing three-wave interaction and instability growth rates are found. The theoretical results are used for the interpretation of satellite observations in the magnetospheric plasma. It is shown that as a result of the decay of an upper-hybrid wave, electromagnetic waves propagating in both parallel and perpendicular directions to the ambient magnetic field are generated. The instability growth rate is much higher in the case of left-polarized electromagnetic wave generation than in the case of ordinary electromagnetic wave generation. The nonlinear parametric processes studied here could also take place during powerful bursts on the Sun, and in the magnetosphere of Jupiter.

scholarly journals High-Specific Impulse Hall Thrusters, Part 1: Influence of Current Density and Magnetic Field

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Hofer ◽  
Robert S. Jankovsky ◽  
Alec D. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Hall Thrusters

scholarly journals Performance tests of IPPLM's krypton Hall thruster

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kurzyna ◽  
Maciej Jakubczak ◽  
Agnieszka Szelecka ◽  
Käthe Dannenmayer
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hall Thruster ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Hall Effect Thruster ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion's (IPPLM) Hall effect thruster (Krypton Large IMpulse Thruster, KLIMT) is a 500 W class plasma engine with a mean diameter of discharge channel of 42 mm. KLIMT was developed within ESA/PECS project aiming to provide relatively small thruster for satellites that would be able to effectively operate with krypton propellant. Being several times less expensive than xenon, which is regarded as a propellant of choice for electric propulsion of electrostatic type, krypton since years has been suggested as an attractive alternative. In this paper, a design as well as performance tests of the laboratory model of KLIMT are discussed. It is shown that precise adjustment of magnetic field topography results in the stable operation of the thruster in wide range of operating conditions providing similar thrust and specific impulse production for both propellants. Maximum thrust produced with the use of xenon and krypton reached about 16–17 mN for mass flow rate of 1.15–1.2 mg/s resulting in specific impulse in the range of 1300–1500 s (13–15 km/s). However, for krypton the anode efficiency drops by ~10% in comparison with xenon. For krypton plasma beam divergence as measured by an average half-angle with respect to the beam axis was found to remain within the range of 19–23° for the whole set of the examined operating conditions. The reported characteristics are reasonable for Hall thruster of the discussed size and power.

scholarly journals SITAEL HC1 Low-Current Hollow Cathode

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Daniela Pedrini ◽  
Cosimo Ducci ◽  
Ugo Cesari ◽  
Tommaso Misuri ◽  
Mariano Andrenucci
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Hall Thruster ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Hall Thrusters ◽  
Orbit Transfer ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Effective Choice

SITAEL is active in the field of electric propulsion and is involved in the development of different thruster technologies—mainly Hall thrusters (HTs)—of power levels ranging from 100 W up to 20 kW. Low-power HTs are the most effective choice to perform orbit transfer, drag compensation, and de-orbiting maneuvers for small satellites. This paper is dedicated to the activities regarding HC1, the hollow cathode conceived for the 100-W-class Hall thruster under development at SITAEL. Successful test campaigns were performed and are described, with emphasis on the improvements in the cathode design after an extensive research and development phase. The results are presented and discussed, along with future developments of the ongoing activities.

Transient buildup and dissipation of a compressed plasma shockwave in arc-discharge plasma beams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Yifeng Fu ◽  
Zun Zhang ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Jiayun Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Pulsed Plasma ◽  
Dissipation Process ◽  
Probe Surface

Abstract Electric propulsion offers the advantage of a high specific impulse through a large exhaust velocity and has seen significant progress in space flight applications. Recently, we observed a transient plasma shockwave during pulsed plasma thruster operation when the plasma beam impacted a probe surface. However, details regarding the plasma shockwave formation are still unknown. This work is an experimental investigation of the compression-induced plasma shockwave in the presence of a planar obstruction. To study the complete shockwave buildup and dissipation process, an ultra-high-speed imaging system was set up to visualize the time-resolved shockwave morphology at a sub-microsecond level. In addition, the local magnetic field and plasma density were measured using 2-D magnetic coils and a triple Langmuir probe, respectively. The successive images of the shockwave give us a comprehensive understanding of the shockwave buildup process. During the 12 μs operational period of the thruster, two shockwaves were formed during the first cycle of the discharge. It is also interesting to note that there is a 1 μs dissipation period between the two shockwaves with the same cloud of plasma compressing against the probe surface. A shockwave model is also developed to predict the appearance of the two shockwaves. The implication is that the local magnetic field strength can be a key indicator for the plasma shockwave buildup and dissipation process.

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