scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Spring Water Sources in Amediye District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payman Abduljabar ◽  
Najmaldin Hassan ◽  
Hazhir Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Kurdistan Region

scholarly journals Contaminants of Domestic Rural Spring Water Sources in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Adomi Mbina ◽  
Galimaka Wilson ◽  
Ejike Daniel Eze ◽  
Theophilus Pius ◽  
Ssebuufu Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Western Uganda

scholarly journals Rural Drinking Water Quality Status in Central Development Region, Nepal: A Comparative Study of Spring water and Ground water

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Bishnu Pandey ◽  
Suman Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

This study assesses the rural drinking water quality status in Central Development Region of Nepal. With a total of 250 samples collected from 15 districts of the region, drinking water quality of spring water and ground water representing hill and Terai (lowland) regions were tested and compared for their physicochemical parameters and faecal coliform contamination.None of the spring samples as well as ground water samples violated National Drinking Water Standards (NDWS) for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), appearance, chloride and nitrate. Similarly none violated the standards for total hardness (TH) indicating soft nature of the water. The spring samples were within the NDWS for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) whereas 15.4% and 39.0% of the ground water samples violated the standards for manganese and iron, respectively. Gravity water is found to be more alkaline than ground water. Faecal coliforms were the most problematic in both types of sources followed by Ammonia (NH3) and pH in spring sources and by iron, Mn, pH and ammonia in ground water sources, respectively. Spring sources were more contaminated by bacteria than ground water sources. Correlation and regression analysis revealed highly significant correlations between EC and TDS (r=0.979) and between CaH and TH (r=0.988) in ground water suggesting that aquifer chemistry of ground water to be mainly controlled by EC, TDS, TH, and CaH. Similarly, highly significant correlations were found between the following pairs in gravity water: EC and TDS (r=0.983), TA and TDS(r=0.853), CaH and TDS (r=0.912), TH and TDS (r=0.955), EC and CaH (r=0.898), and between CaH and TH (r=0.951).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7074 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 52-56

First full scale advanced oxidation treatment plant for groundwater in Austria

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Werderitsch
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
General Rehabilitation ◽  
The City ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Vienna Waterworks usually supplies its customers with the best spring water from the mountains. Some 400,000 m3/d is required to supply the city of Vienna, met entirely from 32 springs abstracting to two big spring water supply mains, each of which takes half of the total amount of water put into supply. Other water sources are, however, needed in case of failure or necessary repairs on either of the two spring water supply mains or during times of increased water demand, such as hot, dry summer days. In the 1870's the construction of the water supply system for Vienna was started. These two spring water supply mains are in operation since this time without any general rehabilitation. Therefore, Vienna Waterworks follow the all-over-strategy of the ability to substitute one of these two spring water mains with other water sources. One part of these alternative water sources is Waterworks Moosbrunn.

scholarly journals Spring water quality assessment using water quality index in villages of Barwari Bala, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Ameen Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Periodic quality assessment of drinking water sources is necessary to guarantee the quality and security of water supply to people. Accordingly, this study assessed the drinking water quality of spring water of some villages located in Barwari Bala region of Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, using the water quality index (WQI). To realize this objective, 120 spring water samples were collected from ten villages during the dry and wet seasons in 2018 and were analyzed for major physicochemical characteristics, including: calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total hardness (TH) and total alkalinity (TA). The results for pH, turbidity, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate and nitrate showed that the water samples at all the sampled springs were suitable for drinking and within permissible limits based on given standards. However, TDS, TA, calcium and magnesium exceeded the permissible limits at some sites. It was also observed that, except for SO42−, at almost all the sites, the majority of parameters were significantly greater during the wet season compared to the dry season. With reference to all the parameters, the WQI values ranged from 10.76 to 18.13 during the dry season and from 17.10 to 20.45 during the wet season, indicating that all water samples are classified as having “excellent” water quality for drinking purposes. The calculation of WQI based on specific parameters, where values were close to or exceeded the maximum acceptable limits, showed that the water quality status of all water samples was “good” quality, except for sites S6 and S8, which were classified as “poor” quality and are not considered suitable for drinking purposes without treatment. Water from almost all the sampled spring sites can be considered as suitable for drinking purposes, although some parameters exceed permissible limits. Simple filtration treatment of the sampled spring water before use is desirable for ensuring good quality and security of the water supply to people of these areas.

scholarly journals Isolation of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus in Surface Water Sources in Katabi Subcounty, Wakiso District.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Habert Mabonga
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene account for an estimated 9.1 percent of the global burden of disease and 6.3 percent of all deaths. This study aimed to isolate Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus in surface water sources in Katabi Subcounty, Wakiso District. The specific objectives were to isolate E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus in water sources in the Katabi sub-county and to determine the physico-chemical parameters of the water sources. Methodology: A cross-sectional and snowball sampling method was applied while collecting water samples from the wells, boreholes, and other groundwater in the selected areas of Wakiso District (Katabi division, and Kajjasi division). Results:  A total of 34 (n=34) water samples were obtained including borehole water 61.8% (n1=21/34), spring water 11.8% (n2=4/34) and open well water 26.4% (n3=9/34). Freshwater samples were directly analyzed from the water source for pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, then different means of physic-chemical parameters were recorded, Mean temperature for open well water was 23.5°C±1.092, pH=5.21±0.432, and dissolved oxygen was 4.075±1. 555). The mean temperature for spring water was 22.98°C±0.907, pH=5.7± 0.781, and dissolved oxygen was 4.075±1.555. For borehole water, the mean temperature was 22.9°C±1.339, pH=5.7±1.441, and dissolved oxygen was 4.9±1.549). A total of 10 samples fermented MSA after overnight incubation at 37°C changing the media color from pink to yellow, borehole water samples were 60% (6), spring water samples were 20% (2) and open well water samples were 20% (2). Also, S. saprophyticus 76.9% (10) and S.epidermidis 23.1% (3) were identified. Conclusion and recommendation: All the samples analyzed did not show growth of E.coli and S.aureus but had other organisms including S.saprophyticus and S.epidermidis which could be harmful to human health when consumed. Further investigation of possible pathogenic organisms that are present in drinking water under the acidic pH should be done.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical assessment of spring water resources around Melamchi, Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-758
Author(s):  
Karishma Khadka ◽  
Moti Lal Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Spring Flow ◽  
Type Water

Abstract Groundwater in the hills and mountains is manifested as springs, the major water sources for people in Nepal's mountainous regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variations of in-situ groundwater physicochemical parameters, evaluate groundwater hydrochemistry with respect to water types, and identify groundwater chemistry control mechanisms by analyzing spring water. The area's geology is dominated by schist and gneiss. Depression and fracture springs occur widely. The study involved observation of seasonal variations in in-situ physicochemical parameters, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature, and major ion concentrations – Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42− – to describe the water's chemical characteristics. The seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters arose mainly from monsoonal precipitation and its interactions with host rocks. Chemical analysis showed that Ca-HCO3 type water dominated, indicating shallow aquifer groundwater processes. The relative abundance of cations was, in order, Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and of anions HCO3− > Cl− > SO42−. Lithological contributions from the interactions of rocks with water across spring flow networks were the major mechanisms controlling spring water chemistry.

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