Comparison of Self-Report, Peer-Report, and Principal-Report in Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among Iranian Students

BackgroundBullying victimization may be linked to psychosis but only self-report measures of victimization have been used so far. This study aimed (a) to investigate the differential associations of peer-nominated versus self-reported victim status with non-clinical psychotic experiences in a sample of young adolescents, and (b) to examine whether different types of self-reported victimization predict non-clinical psychotic experiences in these adolescents.MethodA combination of standard self-report and peer nomination procedures was used to assess victimization. The sample (n = 724) was divided into four groups (exclusively self-reported victims, self- and peer-reported victims, exclusively peer-reported victims, and non-victims) to test for a group effect on non-clinical psychotic experiences. The relationship between types of victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences was examined by a regression analysis.ResultsSelf-reported victims, along with self- and peer-reported victims, scored higher than peer-reported victims and non-victims on non-clinical psychotic experiences. Self-reports of direct relational, indirect relational and physical victimization significantly improved the prediction of non-clinical psychotic experiences whereas verbal and possession-directed victimization had no significant predictive value.ConclusionsThe relationship between victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences is only present for self-reported victimization, possibly indicative of an interpretation bias. The observed discrepancy between self-report and peer-report highlights the importance of implementing a combination of both measures for future research.

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Risk Factors for Bullying Victimization in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Peter L. Stavinoha ◽

Cody Solesbee ◽

Susan M. Swearer ◽

Steven Svoboda ◽

Laura J. Klesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Parent Report ◽

Self Report ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Adhd Symptoms

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal disorder associated with numerous physical stigmata. Children with NF1 are at known risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), academic struggles, and significant social difficulties and adverse social outcomes, including bullying victimization. The primary aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with bullying victimization in children with NF1 to better inform clinicians regarding targets for prevention and clinical intervention. Children and a parent completed questionnaires assessing the bully victim status, and parents completed a measure of ADHD symptoms. Analyses were completed separately for parent-reported victimization of the child and the child’s self-report of victimization. According to the parent report, results suggest ADHD symptoms are a significant risk factor for these children being a target of bullying. Findings for academic disability were not conclusive, nor were findings related to having a parent with NF1. Findings indicate the need for further research into possible risk factors for social victimization in children with NF1. Results provide preliminary evidence that may guide clinicians working with children with NF1 and their parents in identifying higher-risk profiles that may warrant earlier and more intensive intervention to mitigate later risk for bullying victimization.

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Prevalence and Psychosocial Predictors of Homophobic Victimization among Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16071243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo ◽

Almudena Hurtado-Mellado

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Secondary Schools ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sexual Minorities ◽

Self Report ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Affective Empathy ◽

Psychosocial Predictors ◽

Relationship Skills

Bullying and discrimination seriously damage the development and health of adolescents with non-heteronormative sexual orientation. Adolescents from sexual minorities are more likely to be the object of bullying. This research aims to know more about the prevalence, frequency, and some associated factors and predictors of homophobic victimization in adolescents, depending on their sexual orientation. A total of 820 Secondary Schools students took part in this study (average age = 14.87; SD = 1.72; 48.3% were boys and 51.7% were girls) by filling in a self-report questionnaire. The results showed that adolescents suffer homophobic victimization, regardless of their sexual orientation; however, homosexuals and bisexuals suffered it more frequently than heterosexuals. Homophobic victimization could be associated—in heterosexuals and people with doubts about their sexual orientation, positively with bullying victimization, bullying aggression and cyberbullying aggression. Homophobic victimization could be predicted—in heterosexuals, positively due to self-depreciation, and negatively due to communication and relationship skills; and in homosexuals and bisexuals, positively, because of affective empathy. The results are discussed and new lines of study and intervention are proposed.

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Details of the Contents of Paranoid Thoughts in Help-Seeking Adolescents with Psychotic-Like Experiences and Continuity with Bullying and Victimization: A Pilot Study

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs10080122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Gennaro Catone ◽

Antonella Gritti ◽

Katia Russo ◽

Pia Santangelo ◽

Raffaella Iuliano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Psychologists ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Self Report ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

Verbal Bullying ◽

Paranoid Symptoms ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Social Environmental Factors

Background: Psychosis recognizes an interaction between biological and social environmental factors. Adversities are now recognized to be consistently associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The purpose of this study was to describe the contents of paranoid symptoms and to focus on their relationship with bullying and victimization in help-seeking adolescents. Methods: Help-seeking adolescents who screened positive for PLEs participated in the study. They performed a battery self-report questionnaire for data collection (paranoia: the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ); the content of paranoid thoughts: the Details of Threat (DoT); bullying victimization: the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS); depression: the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI); and anxiety: the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC)). Results: The participants were 50 adolescents (52% female; mean age: 170 months). The contents of their paranoid symptoms were related to victimization and, in particular, the certainty of threats was correlated with physical (0.394, p < 0.01) and verbal bullying (0.394, p < 0.01), respectively. The powerfulness of the threats correlated with verbal victimization (0.295, p < 0.05). The imminence of the threats was linked to verbal (0.399, p < 0.01) victimization. Hours under threat correlated with verbal (0.415, p < 0.01) victimization. The sureness of the threat had a moderate correlation with physical (0.359, p < 0.05) and verbal (0.443, p < 0.01) victimization, respectively. The awfulness of the threat was linked to social manipulation (0.325, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We described the content of the persecutory symptoms. The powerfulness, imminence, sureness, and awfulness of threats correlated with the level of physical, verbal and social manipulation victimization. Teachers and family must actively monitor early signs of bullying victimization, and school psychologists should promote preventive and therapeutic intervention. From a social psychiatry perspective, the prevention of bullying victimization is necessary.

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Can the factor structure of Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) contribute to our understanding of parental acceptance/rejection, bullying, victimization and perceived well-being in Greek early adolescents?

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v13i2.1090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 269-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Theodoros Giovazolias ◽

Evangelia Karagiannopoulou ◽

Effrosyni Mitsopoulou

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Parental Acceptance ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

School Students ◽

Defense Style ◽

Defense Style Questionnaire ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) is a self-report instrument designed to measure defense mechanisms. Although commonly used, the DSQ-40 has not been validated in early adolescent populations. The present study sought to determine the factor validity of the DSQ-40 in a sample of Greek primary school students (N = 265). Further, it aimed to investigate the relationship between defense mechanisms and perceived parental acceptance/rejection, the participation in bullying (either as bully or victim) as well as self-reported well being. Participants completed the Greek version of DSQ-40, adapted for use by this particular age group as well as measures in order to examine its convergent and discriminant validity. The findings support a four-factor solution as the most adequate for our data. Further, it was found that defense mechanisms are related to perceived parental acceptance and rejection. Finally, the results showed that the DSQ-40 can effectively discriminate participants with high/low bullying/victimization and perceived well-being. Our results indicate that the DSQ-40 is appropriate for use in late childhood. Implications for clinical practice and future studies that would confirm the appropriateness of the scale’s use in younger populations are also discussed.

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Εθνο-πολιτισμική προέλευση και εκφοβισμός/θυματοποίηση σε έφηβους μαθητές

Preschool and Primary Education ◽

10.12681/ppej.18376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Evaggelos Alexopoulos ◽

Konstantinos M Kokkinos

Keyword(s):

Cultural Diversity ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Cultural Background ◽

Self Report ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Physical Bullying ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethnic-cultural background and bullying/victimization among adolescent students. In particular, the study examined how gender, ethnic-cultural background and ethnic-cultural school composition were related to bullying/victimization, as well as to its forms and the role assumed by the participants. 163 students from five ethnic-cultural groups attending two junior high schools, one with high and the other with low ethnic diversity, completed a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that boys, members of the dominant ethnic-cultural group, scored higher in bullying/victimization than girls in the same group. Furthermore, Orthodox Greek students scored lower in victimization, while Muslim Turkish students scored higher. Between the two schools, students attending the school with higher ethnic-cultural diversity scored higher in bullying and victimization. Regarding the forms of bullying/victimization, all students scored higher in verbal and indirect/social bullying, whileboys scored higher in physical bullying as well. Also, students attending the school with higher ethnic-cultural diversity had high scores in all forms of bullying/victimization. Regarding participants' role distribution, boys were less likely to be victims than girls. Orthodox Greek students were more likely to be bullies, Muslim Turkish students were both bullies and victims, while Muslim Pomak, Romany and undefined ethnic-cultural background students were more likely to be victims. Findings are discussed in terms of their pedagogical implications

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Autoestima, autocompasión y afecto positivo y negativo en víctimas y agresores de bullying: Estudio comparativo con medidas autoinformadas e informadas por pares

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica ◽

10.5944/rppc.28156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Juan Múzquiz ◽

Ana María Perez-García ◽

José Bermúdez

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Psychological Adjustment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Other ◽

Self Report ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Bully Victims ◽

Peer Report

Self-esteem, self-compassion and positive and negative affect in victims and bullies: A comparative study with self-report and peer-report measuresAbstract: Bullying is a prevalent problem with numerous negative consequences in psychological adjustment, especially for victims. However, most research on the topic is based on self-report measures subject to several biases and other limitations. The present study assessed self-esteem, positive and negative affect and self-compassion in 649 adolescents classified into victims, bullies, bully-victims and not involved students through peer- and self-report measures. Results showed that considering oneself a bully or a victim was associated with the psychological outcomes, being so in peer-report measures. Also, in selfreport measures, not involved participants showed higher levels of self-compassion than the other groups. The present research highlights the importance of including self-report and peer-report measures of bullying when studying the psychological adjustment of victims and bullies.Keywords: Self-compassion; bullying; self-esteem; adolescence; affect; self-report; peer-report.Resumen: El bullying es un problema altamente prevalente con numerosas consecuencias negativas sobre el ajuste psicológico, especialmente para las víctimas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones están basadas en autoinformes que están sujetos a diversos sesgos. La presente investigación evaluó la autoestima, el afecto positivo y negativo y la autocompasión de 649 adolescentes clasificados como víctimas, agresores, agresores-víctimas o no implicados utilizando medidas auto- y heteroinformadas por los compañeros. Los resultados mostraron que autorreconocerse como agresor o víctima guardó una asociación con las medidas de ajuste analizadas, más allá de serlo en las medidas heteroinformadas. En las medidas autoinformadas los participantes no implicados mostraron mayores niveles de autocompasión que los otros grupos. Se resalta la importancia de utilizar de manera conjunta medidas autoinformadas y heteroinformadas para estudiar variables relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico de víctimas y agresores.Palabras clave: Autocompasión; bullying; autoestima; adolescencia; afecto; autoinforme; informe de pares.

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Self-Report, Peer-Report, and Teacher-Report Measures of Childhood Depression: An Analysis by Item

Journal of Personality Assessment ◽

10.1207/s15327752jpa5901_16 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 189-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Susan L. Crowley ◽

Frances F. Worchel ◽

Michael J. Ash

Keyword(s):

Childhood Depression ◽

Self Report ◽

Teacher Report ◽

Peer Report

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When Prevention is Not Enough: Students’ Perception of Bullying and School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports

Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/0198742918810761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Gage ◽

Chad A. Rose ◽

Dennis A. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Self Report ◽

Positive Behavior ◽

School Level ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Behavior Interventions ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Positive Behavior Interventions ◽

School Based ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Matched Comparison

Bullying continues to be a major concern in U.S. schools and is the focus of myriad prevention and intervention efforts. Researchers have recently cited school-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS) as a prevention framework for reducing school-based bullying. Therefore, we examined the effect of universal SWPBIS implemented with fidelity on students’ self-report of bullying victimization. We used school-level propensity score matching to compare 76,248 students’ self-report of bullying victimization in 118 schools that implemented SWPBIS with fidelity and 118 matched comparison schools. Random-effects regression models found no statistically significant difference between treatment groups on students’ self-report of bullying victimization. Recommendations and limitations are discussed.

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Birds of a Feather Do Flock Together

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797616678187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 276-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wu Youyou ◽

David Stillwell ◽

H. Andrew Schwartz ◽

Michal Kosinski

Keyword(s):

Reference Group ◽

Romantic Partners ◽

Self Report ◽

Group Effect ◽

Psychological Constructs ◽

Large Samples ◽

Personality Research ◽

Personality Judgments ◽

Personality Similarity ◽

Peer Report

Friends and spouses tend to be similar in a broad range of characteristics, such as age, educational level, race, religion, attitudes, and general intelligence. Surprisingly, little evidence has been found for similarity in personality—one of the most fundamental psychological constructs. We argue that the lack of evidence for personality similarity stems from the tendency of individuals to make personality judgments relative to a salient comparison group, rather than in absolute terms (i.e., the reference-group effect), when responding to the self-report and peer-report questionnaires commonly used in personality research. We employed two behavior-based personality measures to circumvent the reference-group effect. The results based on large samples provide evidence for personality similarity between romantic partners ( n = 1,101; rs = .20–.47) and between friends ( n = 46,483; rs = .12–.31). We discuss the practical and methodological implications of the findings.

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