scholarly journals The Effect of Oxalobacter formigenes Colonization in Patients with Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones in Comparison with Healthy People in Qom: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Ali Jafari ◽  
Reza Fotouhi Ardakani ◽  
Jamileh Nowroozi ◽  
Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour ◽  
Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Urine Oxalate ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Control Study

Background: Urinary stones are a major problem world, and their incidence has increased significantly in recent years. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a simple and rapid molecular method based on PCR and qPCR assays to detect Oxalobacter formigenes (which causes oxalate degradation in intestines) in fecal samples of healthy volunteers and patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, and determine the amount of urinary oxalate in the two groups. Methods: This study was performed on urine and fecal samples of 73 patients with kidney stones and 52 healthy individuals. After DNA extraction, PCR and qPCR assays were performed on two gene regions of Oxalobacter formigenes, OXC, and FRC. Also, urine oxalate was measured in the study population using biochemical methods. Results: We found that the presence of Oxalobacter formigenes could reduce the risk of kidney stones and calcium oxalate stones. In fact, both FRC and OXC genes were involved in the diagnosis of Oxalobacter formigenes; however, the results based on the FRC gene showed higher efficiency. In addition, the presence or absence of stones did not affect the amount of urinary excretion of oxalate, rather it is affected by diet. Conclusions: Molecular identification of Oxalobacter formigenes by PCR and qPCR assays allows rapid, specific, and reproducible detection in fecal samples, which also allows immediate processing of these samples in clinical conditions.

The Relation between the Concentration of Calcium Salts in the Urine and Renal Stone Composition in Patients with Calcium-Containing Renal Stones

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Marshall ◽  
M. Cochran ◽  
W. G. Robertson ◽  
A. Hodgkinson ◽  
B. E. C. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Urine Oxalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Normal Men

1. Diurnal variations in urine calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate activity products were observed in normal men and patients with recurrent calcium oxalate or mixed oxalate—phosphate renal stones. 2. Maximum and minimum calcium oxalate products were higher in the patients than in the controls, the difference being most marked in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 3. Maximum and minimum calcium phosphate products expressed as octocalcium phosphate [(Ca8H2(PO4)6], brushite or hydroxyapatite, were significantly higher than normal in the patients with mixed stones but not in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 4. The raised calcium oxalate products in the patients were due mainly to increased concentrations of Ca2+ ions; these, in turn, were due mainly to an increased rate of excretion of calcium. Raised calcium phosphate products were due mainly to hypercalciuria, combined with abnormally high urine pH values. 5. Patients with recurrent calcium stones appear to fall into two types: (1) patients with calcium oxalate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a normal urine pH; (2) patients with mixed oxalate—phosphate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a raised urine pH. 6. The implications of these findings in regard to treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes Strain HC-1

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Hatch ◽  
Milton J. Allison ◽  
Fahong Yu ◽  
William Farmerie
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Human Strain ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The lack of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the human gut has been correlated with the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones and also with the number of recurrent kidney stone episodes. Here, we present the genome sequence of HC-1, a human strain isolated from an individual residing in Iowa, USA.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Bilateral Nephrolithiasis: A Large Case-retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Yang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Shiyong Qi ◽  
Linguo Xie ◽  
Qiduo Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
History Of

Abstract To determine the incidence and risk factors of bilateral kidney stones. Utilized the retrospective analysis method on demographic characteristics and clinical data of patients with renal stones in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. Grouped patients into unilateral and bilateral renal stones according to preoperative imaging and ultrasound examination. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to evaluate the factors that may cause bilateral stones. The study included 7587 patients with kidney stones in total, of whom 4983 had unilateral kidney stones (including 2719 left stones and 2264 right stones), and 2604 had bilateral kidney stones (34.3%). By comparing the unilateral stones group with the bilateral stones group, the univariate analysis demonstrated that weight, body mass index (BMI), history of nephrolithiasis, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, gout, and the maximal stone diameter had statistical significance. Binary logistic regression multivariate analysis demonstrated that BMI, history of nephrolithiasis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gout, and the maximal stone diameter were independent risk factors for bilateral urinary stones. This study shows that 34.3% of patients with kidney stones were diagnosed as having bilateral kidney stones; BMI and the maximal stone diameter are positively correlated with the incidence of bilateral kidney stones; Patients with a history of nephrolithiasis, diabetes, hypertension, and gout have a significantly higher risk of having bilateral kidney stones.

scholarly journals Twinkle, twinkle little stone: an artifact improves the ultrasound performance!

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Liana Gliga ◽  
Cristian Nicolae Chirila ◽  
Daniela Maria Podeanu ◽  
Torok Imola ◽  
Sanda Lucia Voicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Twinkling Artifact

Aims: Ultrasound is a noninvasive method used for the diagnosis of urinary lithiasis. When the length of the stone is less than 5 mm, its detection may be difficult. The twinkling artifact (TwA) is an intense alternating color signal behind calcifications and stones in different organs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the importance of the TwA in detecting kidney stones less than 5 mm in length. Material and methods: We examined 230 patients with lumbar pain or a history of kidney stones. We excluded patients with stones larger than 5 mm. 174 patients corresponded to the inclusion criteria. We performed color Doppler ultrasound and we noticed the presence of the twinkling artifact. The gold standard for the diagnosis was either computed tomography (CT) scan, intravenous urography (IVU) or the spontaneous elimination of the stones.Results: We found renal stones in 123 patients. The twinkling artifact was present in 113 cases and absent in the rest of 10 patients. In two patients the artifact was present but the stones were not confirmed by CT. The twinkling artifact had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 99.12%, 90.91%, 99.12%, and 90.91% respectively.Conclusions: The twinkling artifact is a very useful color Doppler ultrasound tool for the detection of small urinary stones. We suggest the routine use of color Doppler in all suspicious cases in order to avoid unnecessary irradiating and expensive radiological methods.

scholarly journals Composition of Renal Stone– An experience at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Lubna Naznin ◽  
Debashish Saha ◽  
Md Jahangir Chowdhury ◽  
Yasmin Akter ◽  
Most Sarmin Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

Introduction: In Asia the stone belt has been reported to stretch across our neighbouring countries Pakistan, India, Myanmar etc signifies a higher incidence of renal stone disease in Bangladesh. Objective: To determine the pattern of chemical composition of renal stones by semi-quantitative technique in patients presented to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and to evaluate the predominant constituent present in them. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Chemical pathology department from October 2013 to October 2014. Renal stones of 37 Urolithiasis patients were analyzed chemically, using DiaSys analysis kit, employing titrimetric method for estimation of calcium and colorimetric method for Oxalate, Ammonium, Phosphate, Magnesium, Uric Acid and Cystine. Concentration of each individual component then was expressed in percentage and used to interpret renal stone composition using the calculation scale. Results: Males were more prone to renal stone disease, having male to female ratio 5.2:1. Urinary stones occur in all age groups, in this study age ranged from 4 to 72 years with mean age 38.8±16.0 years and mostly affected was the working age group 21 to 50 years (70.2%). Mixed components (i.e. mixed stone) rather than a single component was the commonest type constituting 83.8% of all renal stones. The commonest mixed stone found was Calcium Oxalate with Apatite (41.9 %). Pure Calcium Oxalate was the 2nd most common (10.8%) variant followed by Struvite stones (5.4%). Cystine and Brushite were the least common renal stones in this study. Conclusion: Calcium Oxalate was the most predominant chemical component in renal stones (94.6%). More research is needed to assess the frequency, types, and correlation of renal stones with environmental, dietary and genetic factors in Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 21-25

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes Strain SSYG-15

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-yun Sun ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Hong-jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stool Sample ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Colonization of the intestine with Oxalobacter formigenes reduces urinary oxalate excretion and lowers the risk of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. Here, we report the genome sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes SSYG-15, a strain isolated from a stool sample from a healthy Chinese boy.

scholarly journals The importance of citrates in treatment and prophylaxis of calcium oxalate urinary stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Barbera ◽  
Andreas Tsirgiotis ◽  
Mauro Barbera ◽  
Quintino Paola
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stone ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Magnesium Citrate ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

About 10% of the people is the subject of an episode of kidney stones during their lifetime, about 70% of these people undergoes relapses. About 80% of the urinary stones contains calcium, of wich 80% is formed of calcium oxalate, in pure form or associated with calcium phosphate. Therefore we can saythat in most cases (about 65%) the urinary stones are composedof calcium oxalate. Use of supplements of potassium citrate and magnesium citrate can help in the prevention of kidney stones of calcium oxalate, but mostly they can be used in the days before a shockwaves lithotripsy treatment to make the stones more fragile to the effect of the shock waves. A case of successful treatment with magnesium potassium citrate of a SWL resistant ureteral stone is presented.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ticinesi ◽  
Antonio Nouvenne ◽  
Giulia Chiussi ◽  
Giampiero Castaldo ◽  
Angela Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Oxalate Secretion ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Urinary Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Recent studies have shown that patients with kidney stone disease, and particularly calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, exhibit dysbiosis in their fecal and urinary microbiota compared with controls. The alterations of microbiota go far beyond the simple presence and representation of Oxalobacter formigenes, a well-known symbiont exhibiting a marked capacity of degrading dietary oxalate and stimulating oxalate secretion by the gut mucosa. Thus, alterations of the intestinal microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of calcium kidney stones. However, the role of nutrition in this gut-kidney axis is still unknown, even if nutritional imbalances, such as poor hydration, high salt, and animal protein intake and reduced fruit and vegetable intake, are well-known risk factors for kidney stones. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the gut-kidney axis in nephrolithiasis from a nutritional perspective, summarizing the evidence supporting the role of nutrition in the modulation of microbiota composition, and their relevance for the modulation of lithogenic risk.

scholarly journals Direct Quantification of the Enteric BacteriumOxalobacter formigenes in Human Fecal Samples by Quantitative Competitive-Template PCR

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sidhu ◽  
R. P. Holmes ◽  
M. J. Allison ◽  
A. B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Competitive Template ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Pcr Test ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Homeostasis of oxalic acid appears to be regulated, in part, by the gut-associated bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes. The loss of this bacterium from the gut flora is associated with an increased susceptibility to hyperoxaluria, a condition which can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystalluria and kidney stones. In order to identify and quantify the presence of O. formigenes in clinical specimens, a quantitative-PCR-based assay system utilizing a competitive DNA template as an internal standard was developed. This quantitative competitive-template PCR test allows for the rapid, highly specific, and reproducible quantification of O. formigenesin fecal samples and provides a prototype for development of DNA-based quantitative assays for enteric bacteria.

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