scholarly journals STUDIUM SPODNOBADENSKÝCH BAZÁLNÍCH KLASTIK V OBLASTI PODZEMNÍHO ZÁSOBNÍKU PLYNU LOBODICE

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blaško ◽  
Slavomír Nehyba ◽  
Anita Bartakovics
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Traction Current ◽  
Analysis Point

The depositional environment and the provenance of the Lower Badenian basal clastics in the area of Lobodice subsurface gas storage were described during the studies of these sediments.Drill cores of Lobodice wells were studied in the total length of 110 m for the purpose of depositional environment evaluation. The textures and structures were described on these cores and on this basis three lithofacies were recognized. The lithofacies A is represented by grey matrix supported, granule conglomerate, very poorly sorted. This lithofaces has been interpreted as the product of deposition of a coarse grained delta. The lithofacies B is formed by fine and medium sandstone with ripple cross lamination, very well sorted sandstone. This facies was interpreted as the result of a relatively low energy of traction current, probably deposited in marine environment. The lithofacies C is formed by greyish clay siltstone, locally with planar lamination and common bioturbation. The lithofacies C was interpreted as the product of deposition in the off shore condition (outer part of the shelf?).The results of pebble analysis and analysis of the chemistry of garnets and rutiles were used for the evaluation of the source areas of the Lower Badenian basal clastics.Pebble analysis shows that the studied Lower Badenian clastics are polymict. Grey limestones dominate in the pebble spectra and also oft en represent the largest clasts. Light-coloured limestones, shales and graywackes (most probably Culmian), quartzes and dolomites are relatively common. The content of pebbles of crystalline rocks is relative low. These results indicate the prevalence of sedimentary rocks in the source area and/or recycling of the source material. This results together with garnet and rutile analysis point to the source from the Culmian rock of Drahanská Vrchovina Upland and Nízký Jeseník Highland (especially the rocks of the Myslejovice Formation) and also probably from the Carpathian Flysch Belt.

scholarly journals Petrographical Analysis of Warthian Fuvioglacial Gravels as a Tool to Trace the Source Area – A Case Study From Central Poland

Geologos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Maria Górska-Zabielska ◽  
Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The petrographical features of the medium- and coarse-grained gravels (4-10 mm and 20-60 mm, respectively) of weathered and fresh (unweathered) deposits indicate, in combination with so-called indicator and statistical erratics, that two glacial lobes joined in the borderland of the Polish Lowlands and Uplands. Lower Palaeozoic limestones become less frequent in the fner gravel fraction, whereas crystalline rocks and fints become more frequent. The petrographical analysis of the coarser gravel fraction indicates that the ice sheet advanced from the NE to NNW (the Widawka lobe) and from the NE to ENE (the Rawka, Pilica and Luciąża lobes). The source areas of the gravel deposited by the Warthian ice sheet were magmatic and sedimentary areas of both the Baltic and the SE Sweden basins.

scholarly journals Age and provenance of mica-schist pebbles from the Eocene conglomerates of the Tylicz and Krynica Zone (Magura Nappe, Outer Flysch Carpathians)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Oszczypko ◽  
Dorota Salata ◽  
Patrik Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Clastic Material ◽  
Monazite Dating ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Flysch Carpathians ◽  
Pieniny Klippen Belt

Abstract During the Łate Cretaceous to Palaeogene, the Magura Basin was supplied by clastic material from source areas situated on the northern and southern margins of the basin, which do not outcrop on the surface at present. The northern source area is traditionally connected with the Silesian Ridge, whereas the position of the southern one is still under discussion. A source area situated SE of the Magura Basin supplied the Eocene pebbly para-conglomerates containing partly exotic material. The studied clastic material contains fragments of crystalline rocks, and frequent clasts of Mesozoic to Palaeogene deep and shallow-water limestones. Numerous mica schists, scarce volcanites and granitoids as well as gneisses, quartzites and cataclasites were found in the group of crystalline exotic pebbles. Monazite ages of “exotic” mica-schist pebbles from the Tylicz, Zarzecze and Piwniczna-Mniszek sections document the Variscan 310±10 Ma age of metamorphic processes. The provenance of these exotic rocks could be connected with a remote source area located SE of the Magura Basin, which could be the NW part of the Dacia Mega Unit. The idea is strongly supported by palaeotransport directions from the SE, the absence of material derived from the Pieniny Klippen Belt, the presence of shallow water limestones, typical facies of the Median Dacides belt and metamorphic age distribution proved by monazite dating.

scholarly journals Geochemical and Petrographical Characteristics of the Madzaringwe Formation Coal, Mudrocks and Sandstones in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa: Implications for Tectonic Setting, Provenance and Paleoweathering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Elelwani Denge ◽  
Christopher Baiyegunhi
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Mgo Support ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

The sedimentary rocks of the Madzaringwe Formation in the Tuli Basin have been investigated using geochemical and petrographic methods to reveal their source area composition, tectonic setting, provenance and paleoweathering conditions. The petrographic studies show that the rocks consist mostly of clay minerals and quartz. The major elements geochemistry indicates that the rocks of the Madzaringwe Formation have the same source area. Based on the discriminant function plots, it can be inferred that the rocks are of quartzose sedimentary provenance, suggesting that they were derived from a cratonic interior or recycled orogen. The binary plots of TiO2 versus Zr and La/Sr against Th/Co shows that the rocks were derived from silicic or felsic igneous rocks. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of SiO2 against Log (K2O/Na2O), Th–Sc–Zr/10, and TiO2 versus (Fe2O3 + MgO) support passive-active continental margin settings of the provenance. The A–CN–K (Al2O3–CaO + Na2O–K2O) ternary diagram and binary plot of the index of compositional variability (ICV) against chemical index of alteration (CIA) shows that the rocks have been subjected to moderate to intensive weathering. Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of the rocks point to uplifted basement source areas predominantly composed of sedimentary rocks and/or granite-gneiss rocks. These source areas might have been from adjacent areas near the Tuli coalfield which include the Limpopo Belt (igneous and sedimentary rocks), and basement uplifted rocks of the Beit-Bridge Complex, consisting of the granite, granite-gneisses and schists.

Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Mamfe Formation and its implication on the tectonosedimentary evolution of the Ikom-Mamfe Embayment, West Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Bassey ◽  
Oboho Eminue ◽  
Humphrey Ajonina
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Lower Benue Trough

AbstractA 42 m thick outcropping portion of the Mamfe Formation is subdivided into Manyu (31 m thick) and Kesham (11m thick) Members on the basis of textural, mineralogical and structural differences. The Manyu Member (Albian) consists of folded and indurated, medium to coarse grained arkosic sandstones and thickly laminated organic-rich shales deposited in a lacustrine environment. The Kesham Member (Cenomanian) consists of subarkoses intercalated with massive green shale and mudstone deposited in a fluvial environment. The change in depositional environment was tectonically controlled. The mid Cretaceous paleogeography of the embayment was governed by the NE-SW trending “Ikom ridge” which prevented marine incursion from adjacent the Benue Sea. Evaporites found within the basin were precipitated from ocean water that was periodically spilled by strong tides and storms across the ridge into the embayment. The filling-up of the embayment to base level in the Cenomanian resulted in a shift in the depositional center downstream to adjoining lower Benue Trough. Similarity in heavy mineral composition and maturity of the Cenomanian sandstones with recent clastics in the embayment indicates their derivation from the same source terrain and relatively stable tectonic and climatic conditions at the source area since the Cenomanian time.

Petrography and provenance of the Marambio Group, Vega Island, Antarctica

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Pirrie
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
Sediment Input ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sandstone Petrography

Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks assigned to the Santa Marta (Herbert Sound Member) and López de Bertodano (Cape Lamb and Sandwich Bluff members) formations of the Marambio Group, crop out on Cape Lamb, Vega Island. Although previous studies have recognized that these sedimentary rocks were derived from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, the work presented here allows the provenance and palaeogeographical evolution of the region to be described in detail. On the basis of both sandstone petrography and clay mineralogy, the Herbert Sound and Cape Lamb members reflect sediment input from a low relief source area, with sand grade sediment sourced from low grade metasediments, and clay grade sediment ultimately derived from the weathering of an andesitic source area. In contrast, the Sandwich Bluff Member reflects a switch to a predominantly andesitic volcaniclastic source. However, this sediment was largely derived from older volcanic suites due to renewed source area uplift, with only a minor component from coeval volcanism. Regional uplift of both the arc terrane and the western margin of the James Ross Basin was likely during the Maastrichtian.

Provenance of Jurassic sedimentary rocks of south-central Quesnellia, British Columbia: implications for paleogeography

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T Petersen ◽  
Paul L Smith ◽  
James K Mortensen ◽  
Robert A Creaser ◽  
Howard W Tipper
Keyword(s):  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Nd Isotopes ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of

Jurassic sedimentary rocks of southern to central Quesnellia record the history of the Quesnellian magmatic arc and reflect increasing continental influence throughout the Jurassic history of the terrane. Standard petrographic point counts, geochemistry, Sm–Nd isotopes and detrital zircon geochronology, were employed to study provenance of rocks obtained from three areas of the terrane. Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks, classified by inferred proximity to their source areas as proximal or proximal basin are derived from an arc source area. Sandstones of this age are immature. The rocks are geochemically and isotopically primitive. Detrital zircon populations, based on a limited number of analyses, have homogeneous Late Triassic or Early Jurassic ages, reflecting local derivation from Quesnellian arc sources. Middle Jurassic proximal and proximal basin sedimentary rocks show a trend toward more evolved mature sediments and evolved geochemical characteristics. The sandstones show a change to more mature grain components when compared with Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks. There is a decrease in εNdT values of the sedimentary rocks and Proterozoic detrital zircon grains are present. This change is probably due to a combination of two factors: (1) pre-Middle Jurassic erosion of the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic arc of Quesnellia, making it a less dominant source, and (2) the increase in importance of the eastern parts of Quesnellia and the pericratonic terranes, such as Kootenay Terrane, both with characteristically more evolved isotopic values. Basin shale environments throughout the Jurassic show continental influence that is reflected in the evolved geochemistry and Sm–Nd isotopes of the sedimentary rocks. The data suggest southern Quesnellia received material from the North American continent throughout the Jurassic but that this continental influence was diluted by proximal arc sources in the rocks of proximal derivation. The presence of continent-derived material in the distal sedimentary rocks of this study suggests that southern Quesnellia is comparable to known pericratonic terranes.

Tourmaline concentrations in Proterozoic sediments of the southern Cordillera of Canada and their economic significance

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2348-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Ethier ◽  
F. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Boron ◽  
Boron Level

Local concentrations of tourmaline occur in the lower Proterozoic (Helikian) Aldridge Formation of southeastern British Columbia, in some places in association with stratiform lead–zinc mineralization as at the Sullivan, Stemwinder, and North Star orebodies. The amount of boron in the rock is as much as two orders of magnitude above average levels reported for the Aldridge Formation or other similar types of sedimentary rocks. The concentrations are not detrital, but are caused by an anomalously high boron level, in a local area, at the time of sedimentation. The appearance of tourmaline within rip-up clasts, and in laminae within pebbles, is evidence of syngenetic introduction of boron.Three populations of tourmalines, on the basis of composition as determined by microprobe analyses, are described from the area:(1) A Proterozoic stock intruding the Aldridge Formation contains abundant schorl.(2) A tourmaline intermediate in composition between dravite and schorl is typical of Aldridge metasediments. Texturally this type occurs as (a) fine felted aggregates in the footwall of the Sullivan orebody, (b) disseminated through waste beds, and (c) in local concentrations removed from the Sullivan orebody.(3) Coarse-grained recrystallized tourmaline associated with the Sullivan ore is magnesium-rich. Recrystallization is erratic, and is probably related to uneven heat flow during metamorphism and to differences in bulk composition.The economic importance of tourmaline concentrations in the Aldridge Formation is their association in both space and time with stratiform sulfides.

scholarly journals An efficient semi-distributed hillslope erosion model for the subhumid Ethiopian Highlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Tilahun ◽  
C. D. Guzman ◽  
A. D. Zegeye ◽  
T. A. Engda ◽  
A. S. Collick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Erosion Model ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Main Variable

Abstract. Erosion modeling has been generally scaling up from plot scale but not based on landscape topographic position, which is a main variable in saturation excess runoff. In addition, predicting sediment loss in Africa has been hampered by using models developed in western countries and do not perform as well in the monsoon climate prevailing in most of the continent. The objective of this paper is to develop a simple erosion model that can be used in the Ethiopian Highlands in Africa. We base our sediment prediction on a simple distributed saturated excess hydrology model that predicts surface runoff from severely degraded lands and from bottom lands that become saturated during the rainy season and estimates interflow and baseflow from the remaining portions of the landscape. By developing an equation that relates surface runoff to sediment concentration generated from runoff source areas, assuming that baseflow and interflow are sediment-free, we were able to predict daily sediment concentrations from the Anjeni watershed with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ranging from 0.64 to 0.78 using only two calibrated sediment parameters. Anjeni is a 113 ha watershed in the 17.4 million ha Blue Nile Basin in the Ethiopian Highlands. The discharge of the two watersheds was predicted with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values ranging from 0.80 to 0.93. The calibrated values in Anjeni for degraded (14%) and saturated (2%) runoff source area were in agreement with field evidence. The analysis suggests that identifying the runoff source areas and predicting the surface runoff correctly is an important step in predicting the sediment concentration.

scholarly journals Hermann Karsten, pioneer of geologic mapping in northwestern South America

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Aalto
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Regional Mapping ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Nueva Granada

Abstract. In the late 19th century, a regional map of Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia, Panama and parts of Venezuela and Ecuador) was published by German botanist and geologist Hermann Karsten (1817–1908). Karsten's work was incorporated by Agustín Codazzi (1793–1859), an Italian who emigrated to Venezuela and Colombia to serve as a government cartographer and geographer, in his popular Atlas geográfico e histórico de la Republica de Colombia (1889). Geologic mapping and most observations provided in this 1889 atlas were taken from Karsten's Géologie de l'ancienne Colombie bolivarienne: Vénézuela, Nouvelle-Grenade et Ecuador (1886), as cited by Manual Paz and/or Felipe Pérez, who edited this edition of the atlas. Karsten defined four epochs in Earth history: Primera – without life – primary crystalline rocks, Segunda – with only marine life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, Tercera – with terrestrial quadrupeds and fresh water life forms life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, and Cuarta – mankind appears, includes diluvial (glacigenic) and post-diluvial terranes. He noted that Colombia is composed of chiefly of Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and that Earth's internal heat (calor central) accounted, by escape of inner gases, for volcanism, seismicity and uplift of mountains. Karsten's regional mapping and interpretation thus constitutes the primary source and ultimate pioneering geologic research.

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