Positive Economics and the Normativistic Fallacy: Bridging the Two Sides of CSR

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schreck ◽  
Dominik van Aaken ◽  
Thomas Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Ought Implies Can ◽  
Practical Syllogism ◽  
Normative Knowledge ◽  
Positive Economics ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Positive Knowledge ◽  
Practical Impact

ABSTRACT:In response to criticism of empirical or “positive” approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR), we defend the importance of these approaches for any CSR theory that seeks to have practical impact. Although we acknowledge limitations to positive approaches, we unpack the neglected but crucial relationships between positive knowledge on the one hand and normative knowledge on the other in the implementation of CSR principles. Using the structure of a practical syllogism, we construct a model that displays the key role of empirical knowledge in fulfilling a firm’s responsibility to society, paying special attention to the implications of the “ought implies can” dictum. We also defend the importance of one particular class of empirical claims; namely, claims from the field of economics. Even positive economic theory, which is often criticized for endorsing profits rather than values, can cooperate in intriguing ways with non-economic concepts in the implementation of CSR goals.

Corporate social responsibility á la the liberal communist

Organization ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Cederström ◽  
Michael Marinetto
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Good ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Practical Nature

This article explores the ‘liberal communist’, a conceptual and satirical figure originally elaborated in the work of Slavoj Žižek (2008). The liberal communist claims (1) that there is no opposition between capitalism and the social good; (2) that all problems are of a practical nature, and hence best solved by corporate engagement and (3) that hierarchies, authority and centralized bureaucracies should be replaced by dynamic structures, a nomadic lifestyle and a flexible spirit. This analysis of the liberal communist has at least two implications for research on CSR. First, it examines the ideological role of CSR by moving beyond a propaganda view, instead offering an ideological reading that focuses on the ways in which CSR seeks to obliterate any existing contradictions between ‘philanthropic actions’ on the one hand and ‘profit-seeking business activities’ on the other hand. Second, it demonstrates how critique is not necessarily what corporations seek to avoid, but something that they actively engage in.

scholarly journals El núcleo ético de los temas filosóficos capitales

2021 ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Roberto J. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Shed Light

El propósito del artículo es esclarecer el modo en que los principales problemas tratados por J. Iribarne giran en torno de cuestiones éticas. Se subrayan dos lados del problema ético. Por un lado, se muestra el papel del cuerpo propio, la habitualidad, la memoria y la creciente moralización en la constitución de la identidad personal. En este proceso, una teleología individual se dirige hacia grados más elevados de libertad por medio de actos autónomos y racionales. Por el otro, una teleología intersubjetiva da lugar a un habitar ético en el mundo que exige tanto actuar del modo más correcto de acuerdo con nuestras particulares posibilidades como estar vinculado con los otros por medio de lazos de amor. Finalmente se intenta mostrar la relación entre ética y el sentido de la vida a través de un análisis de preguntas referidas a la finitud, la esperanza y la muerte.The purpose of the article is to shed light on the way in which the main problems examined by J. Iribarne turn on ethical issues. Two sides of the ethical problem are stressed. On the one hand, the role of the living body, habituality, memory, and increasing moralization in the constitution of personal identity is highlighted. In this process, an individual teleology is directed to higher degrees of freedom by means of autonomous and rational acts. On the other hand, an intersubjective teleology brings forth an ethical dwelling in the world that entails both acting in the most correct manner according to our particular possibilities and being linked with the others by bonds of love. Finally, an attempt is made to show the relationship between ethics and the meaning of life through an analysis of issues that concern finitude, death, and hope.

A Study on the Role of Tourism in Destination’s Disaster and Resilience Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Bipithalal Balakrishnan NAIR ◽  
M.R DILEEP
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Service Business ◽  
Resilience Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Post Disaster

Tourism is one of the most sensitive and vulnerable sectors to a disaster. On the one hand, the industry is susceptible to these unprecedented adversities and is a sufferer. On the other hand, tourism significantly contributes to and performs central roles in crisis management and a destination’s resilience. Comparatively, the latter topic remains under-researched and fewer studies were focused on the part of tourism as a benefactor. However, due to the intricacy and scope of a global crisis, as an accountable service business, it is significant to understand in what ways tourism benefits a (developing) destination throughout various phases of the crisis. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the crucial role of tourism in the case of the catastrophic flood that occurred in Kerala, India, by adopting the crisis management model proposed by Faulkner. The study findings underline the pivotal role of the tourism industry in rescue, restoration, information & communication, and resilience strategy. Furthermore, the study comes up with several unanticipated yet vital insights about the importance of corporate social responsibility for tourism industries, the inevitable role of tourism stakeholders in disaster management strategies, and the importance of adopting appropriate post-disaster marketing plans to support the rebuilding of the destination.

scholarly journals Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Yang ◽  
David Good ◽  
Tamim Mosaiab ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Guoying Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Functions ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sides

LL-37, also called cathelicidin, is an important part of the human immune system, which can resist various pathogens. A plethora of experiments have demonstrated that it has the multifunctional effects of immune regulation, in addition to antimicrobial activity. Recently, there have been increasing interest in its immune function. It was found that LL-37 can have two distinct functions in different tissues and different microenvironments. Thus, it is necessary to investigate LL-37 immune functions from the two sides of the same coin. On the one side, LL-37 promotes inflammation and immune response and exerts its anti-infective and antitumor effects; on the other side, it has the ability to inhibit inflammation and promote carcinogenesis. This review presents a brief summary of its expression, structure, and immunomodulatory effects as well as brief discussions on the role of this small peptide as a key factor in the development and treatment of various inflammation-related diseases and cancers.

The ends of International Relations theory: Stages of reflexivity and modes of theorizing

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Guzzini
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Empirical Theory ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Constitutive Function ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sides

International Relations theory is being squeezed between two sides. On the one hand, the world of practitioners and attached experts often perceive International Relations theory as misleading if it does not correspond to practical knowledge, and redundant when it does. The academic study of international relations can and should not be anything beyond the capacity to provide political judgement which comes through reflection on the historical experience of practitioners. On the other hand, and within its disciplinary confines, International Relations theory is reduced to a particular type of empirical theory with increasing resistance to further self-reflection. Instead, this article argues that neither reduction is viable. Reducing theory to practical knowledge runs into self-contradictions; reducing theorizing to its empirical mode underestimates the constitutive function of theories, the role of concepts, and hence the variety of necessary modes of theorizing. I present this twofold claim in steps of increasing reflexivity in International Relations theory and propose four modes of theorizing: normative, meta-theoretical, ontological/constitutive and empirical.

scholarly journals Does Board of Directors Independence Behave Opportunistically or Ethically? Study Corporation Social Responsibility and Earning Management in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Gideon Benhans
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

ABSTRACT This paper explores the opportunistic issues of EM and ethical issues of CSR where we aim to examine the relationship between CSR and EM and involve the role of BOD independence. Investigation of the relationship using corporate social performance theory where the research sample is a company that publishes sustainability reporting - GRI index for the period 2016 to 2019 in Indonesia. CSR does not affect EM, on the contrary, BOD independence has a positive and significant effect on EM. That is, BOD independence behaves opportunistically. Another finding is that BOD independence does not strengthen or weaken the relationship between CSR and EM. Therefore, despite being opportunistic, BOD independence does not use CSR as a reflection of ethical values to cover EM practices. This paper contributes to showing that BOD independence has 2 characters, namely opportunist on the one hand and ethical on the other.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibility in times of crisis: business actions during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-927
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Vieira da Silva ◽  
Cibele Roberta Sugahara ◽  
Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Between the years 2019 and 2020, humanity was affected by one of the most serious pandemics in recent history, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The socioeconomic tragedy required the complete mobilization of governments, companies, and other organizations to contain and combat the disease. Shedding light on the role of companies, this article set out to analyze, through descriptive, qualitative and documentary research, the various manifestations of Corporate Social Responsibility in Brazilian companies during the pandemic, with the Agenda 2030 as a backdrop for Sustainable Development and related initiatives. It became evident that, while on the one hand, organizations are strongly invited to act in the containment of world events harmful to human life, by extension, socially responsible companies must bear the commitment to work together to mitigate the impacts of climate change and to eradicating hunger and poverty, equally urgent and necessary demands.

scholarly journals Brand’s CSR Influence on Consumers’ Prosocial Behavior in Unrelated Domains

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Angela Negrão ◽  
Danielle Mantovani ◽  
Lucas Magalhães De Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social

This study proposes that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity may positively influence consumers prosocial behavior. However, this effect is moderated by the consumer-brand social distance. In two experiments, we show that consumers close to the brand become more prosocial in situations unrelated to the cause supported by the company when they are exposed to the brands prosocial communication, compared to those who are distant from the brand. This paper contributes to furthering CSR theory by showing the positive effects of brand CSR initiatives on secondary social outcomes, such as consumers volunteering and donating money to a social cause not closely related to the one promoted by the company. Besides, this paper also contributes theoretically by showing the moderation role played by consumer-brand social distance. Important implications for the role of CSR are useful for companies and society in general, since the paper demonstrates that brands prosocial behavior can influence consumers prosocial behavior beyond the brand context only.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

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