Intraoperative Consultation in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Brain Tumors

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle M. Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Context.—The prevalence of brain tumors in the pediatric population differs from that in the adult population. Similarly, the frequency and location of the different histologic types of brain tumors vary significantly between the pediatric and adult populations. Objective.—To familiarize the pathologist with the pediatric brain tumors encountered during intraoperative consultation and with the appropriate differential diagnoses in this setting. Data Sources.—The medical literature and the author's experience and expertise. Conclusion.—Compared with adult brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors present different challenges and distinct differential diagnoses that the pathologist should be aware of during intraoperative consultation.

scholarly journals Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Suh ◽  
Gene H. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Fractionated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Fractionated Radiation

Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor in children. Fractionated radiation therapy has been an important treatment modality in the multi-disciplinary management of these tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery is the precise delivery of a single fraction of radiation and has been an important treatment option for adult brain tumor patients. Although the use of stereotactic radiosurgery in pediatric brain tumors is much less frequent, it represents an important alternative for patients with recurrent, surgically inaccessible or radioresponsive tumors. This article will review the results and logistical issues of this modality in the management of pediatric brain tumors.

Pediatric Brain Tumors in a 10-Year Period from 1986 to 1995 in Yamaguchi Prefecture: Epidemiology and Comparison with Adult Brain Tumors

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadahiro Nomura ◽  
Takafumi Nishizaki ◽  
Katsuhiro Yamashita ◽  
Haruhide Ito
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Pediatric Brain

scholarly journals Typical Pediatric Brain Tumors Occurring in Adults—Differences in Management and Outcome

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Ladina Greuter ◽  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
Jehuda Soleman
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Adult brain tumors mostly distinguish themselves from their pediatric counterparts. However, some typical pediatric brain tumors also occur in adults. The aim of this review is to describe the differences between classification, treatment, and outcome of medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and craniopharyngioma in adults and children. Medulloblastoma is a WHO IV posterior fossa tumor, divided into four different molecular subgroups, namely sonic hedgehog (SHH), wingless (WNT), Group 3, and Group 4. They show a different age-specific distribution, creating specific outcome patterns, with a 5-year overall survival of 25–83% in adults and 50–90% in children. Pilocytic astrocytoma, a WHO I tumor, mostly found in the supratentorial brain in adults, occurs in the cerebellum in children. Complete resection improves prognosis, and 5-year overall survival is around 85% in adults and >90% in children. Craniopharyngioma typically occurs in the sellar compartment leading to endocrine or visual field deficits by invasion of the surrounding structures. Treatment aims for a gross total resection in adults, while in children, preservation of the hypothalamus is of paramount importance to ensure endocrine development during puberty. Five-year overall survival is approximately 90%. Most treatment regimens for these tumors stem from pediatric trials and are translated to adults. Treatment is warranted in an interdisciplinary setting specialized in pediatric and adult brain tumors.

scholarly journals Epigenomics and immunotherapeutic advances in pediatric brain tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malak Abedalthagafi ◽  
Nahla Mobark ◽  
May Al-Rashed ◽  
Musa AlHarbi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractBrain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths. Similar to adult brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors are classified based on histopathological evaluations. However, pediatric brain tumors are often histologically inconsistent with adult brain tumors. Recent research findings from molecular genetic analyses have revealed molecular and genetic changes in pediatric tumors that are necessary for appropriate classification to avoid misdiagnosis, the development of treatment modalities, and the clinical management of tumors. As many of the molecular-based therapies developed from clinical trials on adults are not always effective against pediatric brain tumors, recent advances have improved our understanding of the molecular profiles of pediatric brain tumors and have led to novel epigenetic and immunotherapeutic treatment approaches currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we focus on primary malignant brain tumors in children and genetic, epigenetic, and molecular characteristics that differentiate them from brain tumors in adults. The comparison of pediatric and adult brain tumors highlights the need for treatments designed specifically for pediatric brain tumors. We also discuss the advancements in novel molecularly targeted drugs and how they are being integrated with standard therapy to improve the classification and outcomes of pediatric brain tumors in the future.

scholarly journals A pediatric brain tumor atlas of genes deregulated by somatic genomic rearrangement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Zhang ◽  
Fengju Chen ◽  
Lawrence A. Donehower ◽  
Michael E. Scheurer ◽  
Chad J. Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Cis Regulation ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractThe global impact of somatic structural variants (SSVs) on gene expression in pediatric brain tumors has not been thoroughly characterised. Here, using whole-genome and RNA sequencing from 854 tumors of more than 30 different types from the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, we report the altered expression of hundreds of genes in association with the presence of nearby SSV breakpoints. SSV-mediated expression changes involve gene fusions, altered cis-regulation, or gene disruption. SSVs considerably extend the numbers of patients with tumors somatically altered for critical pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases (KRAS, MET, EGFR, NF1), Rb pathway (CDK4), TERT, MYC family (MYC, MYCN, MYB), and HIPPO (NF2). Compared to initial tumors, progressive or recurrent tumors involve a distinct set of SSV-gene associations. High overall SSV burden associates with TP53 mutations, histone H3.3 gene H3F3C mutations, and the transcription of DNA damage response genes. Compared to adult cancers, pediatric brain tumors would involve a different set of genes with SSV-altered cis-regulation. Our comprehensive and pan-histology genomic analyses reveal SSVs to play a major role in shaping the transcriptome of pediatric brain tumors.

scholarly journals RONC-19. TWO CASES OF RE-IRRADIATION FOR LATE RECURRENT OR RADIATION-INDUCED TUMOR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii459-iii459
Author(s):  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Rikiya Onimaru ◽  
Takayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Hidefumi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND As the outcome of pediatric brain tumors improves, late recurrence and radiation-induced tumor cases are more likely to occur, and the number of cases requiring re-irradiation is expected to increase. Here we report two cases performed intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. CASE 1: 21-year-old male. He was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at eight years old and underwent a tumor resection. At 10 years old, the local recurrence of suprasellar region was treated with 50.4 Gy/28 fr of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). After that, other recurrent lesions appeared in the left cerebellopontine angle, and he received surgery three times. The tumor was gross totally resected and re-irradiation with 40 Gy/20 fr of SRT was performed. We have found no recurrence or late effects during the one year follow-up. CASE 2: 15-year-old female. At three years old, she received 18 Gy/10 fr of craniospinal irradiation and 36 Gy/20 fr of boost to the posterior fossa as postoperative irradiation for anaplastic ependymoma and cured. However, a anaplastic meningioma appeared on the left side of the skull base at the age of 15, and 50 Gy/25 fr of postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy was performed. Two years later, another meningioma developed in the right cerebellar tent, and 54 Gy/27 fr of SRT was performed. Thirty-three months after re-irradiation, MRI showed a slight increase of the lesion, but no late toxicities are observed. CONCLUSION The follow-up periods are short, however intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors were feasible and effective.

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