Expression of Galectin-3 in Renal Neoplasms: A Diagnostic, Possible Prognostic Marker

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Jane Y. Dancer ◽  
Luan D. Truong ◽  
Qihui Zhai ◽  
Steven S. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Renal Neoplasms ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Lectin Family ◽  
Clear Cell Rccs ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc

Abstract Context. Galectin-3, a member of the lectin family, was shown to be expressed in normal distal tubular cells and in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance in RCC is as yet undefined. Objectives. To describe the expression of Galectin-3 among different histologic subtypes of renal neoplasms and to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significances. Design. The expression of Galectin-3 was evaluated in 217 renal neoplasms by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative analysis. Results. Strong expression of Galectin-3 was observed in 92 of 217 of renal neoplasms (42.4%). Although 22 of 23 oncocytomas (95.7%) and 19 of 21 chromophobe RCCs (90.5%) express Galectin-3, only 4 of 32 papillary RCCs (12.5%) and 47 of 137 clear cell RCCs (34.3%) express Galectin-3, suggesting that it may be used as a potential diagnostic marker. Galectin-3 expression was seen in 55% of high-grade (Fuhrman nuclear grades 3 and 4) versus 21% low-grade (grades 1 and 2) clear cell RCCs (P < .001). Conclusions. This study confirms that Galactin-3 is strongly overexpressed in renal cell neoplasms of distal tubular differentiation, that is, oncocytoma and chromophobe RCCs, suggesting it might be used as a possible differential diagnostic tool for renal cell neoplasm with oncocytic or granular cells. Furthermore, we observed a strong association of overexpression of Galectin-3 and high nuclear grade in clear cell RCC. These results also suggest a possible pivotal role for Galectin-3 in the differentiation and prognosis of clear cell RCC.

Immunohistochemical analysis of kallikrein-related peptidases in the normal kidney and renal tumors: potential clinical implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Gabril ◽  
Nicole M. White ◽  
Madeleine Moussa ◽  
Tsz-fung F. Chow ◽  
Shereen M. Metias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Chromophobe Rcc ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc ◽  
Granular Cytoplasmic Staining

Abstract Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in various malignancies and shown to be useful tumor markers. Previous immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis demonstrated that KLKs 5, 6, 10, and 11 have a potential prognostic significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To further explore the significance of KLKs, we examined KLKs 1, 6, 7, and 15 in different subtypes of renal tumors. KLK1 has stronger expression in high grade compared to low grade clear cell RCC. However, KLK6 and KLK7 show strong expression in low grade in contrast to high grade clear cell RCC. Furthermore, the expression of KLK7 can distinguish between oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. Oncocytoma showed diffuse, strong granular cytoplasmic staining, but chromophobe RCC showed focal weak homogeneous cytoplasmic stain. The pattern of staining of different KLKs can also be helpful in differentiating some of the subtypes of renal tumors. Our results show the potential ability of KLKs to serve as diagnostic markers and expand previous data about the prognostic significance of KLKs in kidney cancer. In addition, our study is the first to show the ability of KLK staining to distinguish various types of kidney cancers when morphology is similar.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Treatment Challenges of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3807
Author(s):  
Pierangela Sepe ◽  
Arianna Ottini ◽  
Chiara Carlotta Pircher ◽  
Andrea Franza ◽  
Melanie Claps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC) comprise several rare and poorly described diseases, often characterized by bad prognosis and with no standard treatments available. The gap in their clinical management is linked to the poor molecular characterization in handling the treatment of non clear-cell RCC with untailored therapies. Due to their rarity, non-clear RCC are in fact under-represented in prospective randomized trials. Thus, treatment choices are based on extrapolating results from clear cell RCC trials, retrospective data, or case reports. Over the last two decades, various options have been considered as the mainstay for the treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC), including angiogenesis inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as well as MET inhibitors and mammalian targeting of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. More recently, the therapeutic armamentarium has been enriched with immunotherapy, alone or in combination with targeted agents that have been shown to significantly improve outcomes of mRCC patients, if compared to TKI single-agent. It has been widely proven that non-clear cell RCC is a morphologically and clinically distinct entity from its clear cell counterpart but more knowledge about its biology is certainly needed. Histology-specific collaborative trials are in fact now emerging to investigate different treatments for non-clear cell RCC. This review summarizes pathogenetic mechanisms of non-clear cell RCC, the evolution of treatment paradigms over the last few decades, with a focus on immunotherapy-based trials, and future potential treatment options.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Sporadic Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Manitoba Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199322
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mohaghegh Poor ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Karl Kassier ◽  
Janetta Rossouw ◽  
Robert Wightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Renal Neoplasm ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc

Two sporadic cases of eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC), at our institution, are presented in this study to contribute to the growing literature on this novel renal neoplasm. The first patient was a 38-year-old female with two synchronous renal masses measuring 3.5 and 1.9 cm on preoperative imaging. The second patient was a 44-year-old female with an incidental renal mass measuring 4 cm. Both patients underwent uncomplicated radical nephrectomies. The 1.9 cm mass in the first patient was consistent with clear cell RCC. The dominant mass in the first patient and the tumor in the second patient had microscopic and macroscopic findings in keeping with ESC RCC including a tan appearance, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and CK20+ and CK7− staining. Both patients had an uncomplicated course following surgery with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastatic disease for 1 and 2 years for the first and second patient accordingly. These cases contribute to a growing body of literature regarding ESC RCC including, to our knowledge, the first reported case of synchronous ESC RCC and clear cell RCC. Further research about this novel renal neoplasm is needed.

scholarly journals Detection of a peritumoral pseudocapsule in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using enhanced MDCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Toguchi ◽  
Toshio Takagi ◽  
Yuko Ogawa ◽  
Satoru Morita ◽  
Kazuhiko Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Papillary Rcc ◽  
Clear Cell Rcc

AbstractTo investigate the detection of peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) using multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) for tumors resected by robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Study participants included 206 patients with clinical T1 RCC who underwent RAPN between October 2017 and February 2018. Two radiologists who were blinded to the pathological findings evaluated the computed tomography (CT) images. Radiological diagnosis of a PC was defined by a combination of observations, including a low-attenuation rim between the tumor and renal cortex in the cortico-medullary phase and a high-attenuation rim at the edge of the tumor in the nephrogenic or excretory phase. A PC was detected on CT in 156/206 tumors (76%) and identified by pathology in 182/206 (88%) tumors including 153/166 (92%) clear cell RCC, 13/14 (93%) papillary RCC, and 7/16 (44%) chromophobe RCC. In the whole cohort, CT findings showed a sensitivity of 81.3% (148/182), specificity of 66.7% (16/24), and positive predictive value of 94.9% (148/156). When the data were stratified according to pathological subtypes, MDCT was observed to have a sensitivity of 86.9% (133/153) and specificity of 61.5% (8/13) in clear cell RCC, sensitivity of 38.5% (5/13) and specificity of 100% (1/1) in papillary RCC, and sensitivity of 44.4% (4/7) and specificity of 66.7% (6/9) in chromophobe RCC. A low or high-attenuation rim around the tumor in the cortico-medullary or nephrographic-to-excretory phase indicates a PC of RCC, though the accuracy is not satisfactory even with 64- or 320-detector MDCT.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Percutaneous Renal Needle Core Biopsy and Its Potential Impact on the Clinical Management of Renal Cortical Neoplasms

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan L. Gellert ◽  
Rohit Mehra ◽  
Ying-Bei Chen ◽  
Anuradha Gopalan ◽  
Samson W. Fine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Biopsy Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Renal Cortical Neoplasms

Context While biopsies are now increasingly being performed for the diagnosis of renal cortical neoplasms, the influence of the rendered pathological diagnoses on the clinical management is only rarely documented. Objectives To report our experience with consecutively performed renal biopsies and the potential impact of the diagnosis on subsequent clinical management. Design Material from needle biopsies performed consecutively at our institution between 2006 and 2011 was reviewed. The influence of the reported pathology results on the clinical management was determined from patient follow-up medical record review. Results In total, 218 percutaneous biopsies for renal masses were performed during this period. Among them, 181 (83%) yielded neoplastic tissue, including 81 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 29 low-grade oncocytic neoplasms, 7 papillary renal cell carcinomas, 5 clear cell papillary renal cell carcinomas, 5 angiomyolipomas, and 14 urothelial carcinomas. Fourteen additional cases (6%) contained lesional material from clinically known nonneoplastic processes, for a total diagnostic yield of 89%. Twenty-three (11%) were nonrepresentative of lesional tissue. In 10 of these, repeat biopsies or resections established the diagnosis of renal tumors. Biopsy diagnosis was confirmed in 29 of 30 cases (97%) on subsequent nephrectomy. Following the biopsy diagnosis, there were significant differences in the clinical management; overall, 79% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas received therapeutic interventions, and 17% were put on active surveillance. In contrast, 77% of the benign or low-grade lesions were put on active surveillance. Conclusions Accurate and specific diagnosis can be rendered on renal core biopsy in most renal tumors, and the biopsy diagnosis can have a definitive role in their clinical management.

scholarly journals A Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Pathway-Based Prognostic Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Xian Wei ◽  
Huan Feng ◽  
Bintao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mitochondria not only are the main source of ATP synthesis but also regulate cellular redox balance and calcium homeostasis. Its dysfunction can lead to a variety of diseases and promote cancer and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular characteristics and prognostic significance of mitochondrial genes (MTGs) related to oxidative stress in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A total of 75 differentially expressed MTGs were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 46 upregulated and 29 downregulated MTGs. Further analysis screened 6 prognostic-related MTGs (ACAD11, ACADSB, BID, PYCR1, SLC25A27, and STAR) and was used to develop a signature. Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that the signature could accurately distinguish patients with poor prognosis and had good individual risk stratification and prognostic potential. Stratified analysis based on different clinical variables indicated that the signature could be used to evaluate tumor progression in ccRCC. Moreover, we found that there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the low- and high-risk groups based on the signature and that ccRCC patients in the low-risk group responded better to immunotherapy than those in the high-risk group (46.59% vs 35.34%, P = 0.008 ). We also found that the expression levels of these prognostic MTGs were significantly associated with drug sensitivity in multiple ccRCC cell lines. Our study for the first time elucidates the biological function and prognostic significance of mitochondrial molecules associated with oxidative stress and provides a new protocol for evaluating treatment strategies targeting mitochondria in ccRCC patients.

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