Invasive plants of the upper Midwest: an illustrated guide to their identification and control

Interest exists in planting mixed forb–grass prairies in the midwestern United States. Aminopyralid or clopyralid can be used to suppress competition from invasive plants prior to seeding prairies. As these active ingredients are known to persist, concern exists that reductions in forb establishment could occur. We tested whether common midwestern forb species could tolerate an application of aminopyralid or clopyralid alone or in combination the summer prior to seeding, and whether fall dormant or spring seeding date influenced establishment. This experiment was performed in Beresford, SD, and Arlington, WI, where aminopyralid (54 or 123 g ae ha−1), clopyralid (237 and 420 g ae ha−1), or aminopyralid+clopyralid (54+237 g ae ha−1) were applied to a prepared seedbed in July of 2009. Ten forbs were seeded in November 2009 as a dormant seeding and in April 2010 as a spring seeding at both locations, and establishment was assessed 12 and 24 mo after treatment (MAT). Results were site and species specific. Time of seeding was an important driver of plant counts at both locations 12 and 24 MAT. In Wisconsin at 12 MAT, 60% of species studied exhibited higher counts in the spring seeding. This trend persisted in some, but was not consistent across all 10 species. In South Dakota, 80% of species studied had higher counts at 12 and 24 MAT, but differences were species specific and often differed from those studied in Wisconsin. Those species that had higher counts in spring seeding at 12 MAT, maintained higher counts at 24 MAT. Forbs planted in plots treated with herbicides did not differ from plots left untreated at either location. Results suggest native forbs typically seeded in the upper Midwest can tolerate these herbicides when applied at least 4 mo prior to seeding.

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Regional Patterns of Major Nonnative Invasive Plants and Associated Factors in Upper Midwest Forests

Forest Science ◽

10.5849/forsci.10-100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 38-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zhaofei Fan ◽

W. Keith Moser ◽

Mark H. Hansen ◽

Mark D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Upper Midwest ◽

Regional Patterns

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Verticillium—Induced Scorch and Chlorosis in Ash

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-12.3.124 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. L. Worf ◽

R. N. Spear ◽

M. F. Heimann

Keyword(s):

Distribution Patterns ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Green Ash ◽

Upper Midwest ◽

Branch Dieback ◽

And Control ◽

Intensive Sampling ◽

Landscape Trees ◽

Light Green ◽

Symptom Recurrence

Abstract Verticillium dahliae appears to be the causal agent of a common disorder of white and green ash that has increasingly affected nursery and landscape trees in the Upper Midwest. Affected trees are without wilting or vascular discoloration typical of Verticillium symptoms on other woody hosts, although upper branch and unilateral distribution patterns remain common and important clues. Symptoms include considerable light green to chlorotic foliage followed by irregular leaf scorch, defoliation and branch dieback. The fungus was best isolated from leaf petioles on potato dextrose agar containing 100 ppm iprodione + 200 ppm chloramphenicol. Repeated and intensive sampling was often necessary to detect the fungus. Symptom recurrence in following years was common but erratic and unpredictable. A discussion of environmental influences and control possibilities is included.

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Mexican Coastal Dunes: Recipients and Donors of Alien Flora

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13110530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 530

Author(s):

M. Luisa Martínez ◽

Gonzalo Castillo-Campos ◽

José G. García-Franco ◽

Octavio Pérez-Maqueo ◽

Gabriela Mendoza-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Coastal Dunes ◽

Exotic Plants ◽

Coastal Dune ◽

Alien Flora ◽

And Control ◽

Natural Communities

The invasion of natural communities by exotic plants, which may turn into invasive or potentially invasive, is one of the most severe known threats to biodiversity, and coastal dunes are among the most affected habitats. Mexico’s coastal dunes are abundant and contain high plant biodiversity but attempts to determine the occurrence and impact of exotic plants are absent. First, we explored the number of invasive plant species found on Mexican coastal dunes. Second, we analyzed if the coastal dune flora native from Mexico acts as a source of invasive species worldwide. We found the relevant spread of exotic plants towards and from Mexico, reaching high percentages: 5% of the coastal dune flora are considered exotic plants; this increases to 8.7% when only plants typical of the coastal dune environment are considered. The Mexican coastal dunes flora is also a relevant source of invasive plants affecting all continents. Furthermore, almost half of the 35 worst worldwide invasive plants (according to the Global Invasive Species Database GISD) grow on Mexican coastal dunes, most native to Mexico and invasive elsewhere. Indeed, the worldwide exchange of coastal dune flora between Mexico and the world seems massive, relevant and highlights the need for worldwide and countrywide management and control strategies.

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Comparison of Different Analytical Strategies for Classifying Invasive Wetland Vegetation in Imagery from Unpiloted Aerial Systems (UAS)

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13234733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 4733

Author(s):

Louis Will Jochems ◽

Jodi Brandt ◽

Andrew Monks ◽

Megan Cattau ◽

Nicholas Kolarik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Surface Model ◽

Wetland Ecosystems ◽

Multispectral Data ◽

Emergent Plants ◽

Analysis Workflow ◽

Analytical Strategies ◽

And Control ◽

Aerial Systems

Detecting newly established invasive plants is key to prevent further spread. Traditional field surveys are challenging and often insufficient to identify the presence and extent of invasions. This is particularly true for wetland ecosystems because of difficult access, and because floating and submergent plants may go undetected in the understory of emergent plants. Unpiloted aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to revolutionize how we monitor invasive vegetation in wetlands, but key components of the data collection and analysis workflow have not been defined. In this study, we conducted a rigorous comparison of different methodologies for mapping invasive Emergent (Typha × glauca (cattail)), Floating (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (European frogbit)), and Submergent species (Chara spp. and Elodea canadensis) using the machine learning classifier, random forest, in a Great Lakes wetland. We compared accuracies using (a) different spatial resolutions (11 cm pixels vs. 3 cm pixels), (b) two classification approaches (pixel- vs. object-based), and (c) including structural measurements (e.g., surface/canopy height models and rugosity as textural metrics). Surprisingly, the coarser resolution (11 cm) data yielded the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 81.4%, 2.5% higher than the best performing model of the finer (3 cm) resolution data. Similarly, the Mean Area Under the Receiving Operations Characteristics Curve (AUROC) and F1 Score from the 11 cm data yielded 15.2%, and 6.5% higher scores, respectively, than those in the 3 cm data. At each spatial resolution, the top performing models were from pixel-based approaches and included surface model data over those with canopy height or multispectral data alone. Overall, high-resolution maps generated from UAS classifications will enable early detection and control of invasive plants. Our workflow is likely applicable to other wetland ecosystems threatened by invasive plants throughout the globe.

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Invasive Plants in Natural Areas: Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag112-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen F. Enloe ◽

Ken Langeland

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽

And Control

This publication discusses impacts, distribution, identification, and control of air potato. Written by Stephen F. Enloe and Ken Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised December 2021.

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Role of allelopathy in plant invasion and control of invasive plants

Allelopathy Journal ◽

10.26651/2017-41-2-1092 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 155-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bao-Ming Chen ◽

Hui-Xuan Liao ◽

Wei-Bin Chen ◽

Hui-Jie Wei ◽

Shao-Lin Peng

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Plant Invasion ◽

And Control

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Effects of Prevention and Control of Extracting Solution from Four Invasive Plants onAchatina Fulica

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201309092238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

Author(s):

邢树文 XING Shuwen ◽

朱慧 ZHU Hui ◽

查广才 CHA Guangcai ◽

吴荣浩 WU Ronghao ◽

陈萍 CHEN Ping ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

And Control

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Herbicides to Kill Invasive Trees in Home Landscapes and Surrounding Natural Areas

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag259-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (6) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Stephen F. Enloe ◽

Kenneth Langeland

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Private Property ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Property Owners ◽

Cut Stump ◽

And Control ◽

And Training

Several plant species that are invasive in natural areas of public lands also occur on private property. Invasive plants on private property that thrive within both landscaped and surrounding natural areas can serve as a source of infestation to other natural areas. Therefore, property owners are encouraged to remove invasive plant species from both areas. This 5-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses different herbicides, hand-pulling, stump grinding, foliar herbicide application, cut stump herbicide application, basal bark herbicide application, hack-and-squirt, frill, or girdle herbicide application, licenses and training, and control of specific invasive plants. Written by K. A. Langeland and S. F. Enloe, and published by the UF May 2016. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag259

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Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.242070 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

P. S. Silva ◽

V. A. Royo ◽

H. M. Valerio ◽

E. G. Fernandes ◽

M. V. Queiroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Combined Use ◽

Seedling Germination ◽

And Control

Abstract Interactions between endophytic fungi (EFs) and their host plants range from positive to neutral to negative. The results of such interactions can vary depending on the organ of the infected host plant. EFs isolated from the leaves of some species of plants have potential for use as agents to inhibit seed germination and control invasive plants. The objectives of this study were to identify EFs present in the leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia and to evaluate the role of these fungi in seed germination and seedling development. A total of 11 species of EFs were isolated, which were identified using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The isolated species of EFs are generalists and probably are transmitted horizontally. Laboratory tests revealed that filtrates of these fungal isolates differently affect seed germination and seedling development of C. oblongifolia. The species Curvularia intermedia, Neofusicoccum parvum, Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum and Phomopsis sp. negatively affected seed germination, with N. parvum standing out for its negative effects, inhibiting seedling germination and survival in 89 and 222%, respectively. In addition, Cochliobolus intermedius negatively affected seedling development. Thus, the combined use of N. parvum and C. intermedius, or products from the metabolism of these microorganisms, in the control of invasive plants deserves attention from future studies.

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