scholarly journals The effectiveness of common methods of cold-holding on the temperature of milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Marissa Perrella ◽  
Richard Meldrum ◽  
Melissa T. Moos ◽  
Ian Young
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Human Contamination

Keeping self-serve milk below 4 °C may become difficult for a food premise operator who relies on the use of insulated containers for several hours. Although milk sold in Canada is pasteurized, it may have the potential to cause illness if exposed to improper temperatures. The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate which product would be the most effective at keeping milk cold for the longest period to decrease the potential risk of foodborne illness. A survey was conducted in food premises throughout the Niagara region to determine which products were most commonly used for cold-holding milk, followed by a time-series analysis to investigate how rapidly the temperature of milk increased when stored in typical containers after 8 hours. Results showed that vacuum-insulated carafes are the most effective at cold-holding and stainless-steel carton holders are the least effective. The Niagara survey showed that 8 of 27 premises visited used these poorly insulated stainless-steel carton holders, which may be additionally susceptible to human contamination from potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus due to their open spout.

scholarly journals Using Interrupted Time Series Analysis To Assess Associations of Fluoroquinolone Formulary Changes with Susceptibility of Gram-Negative Pathogens and Isolation Rates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2106-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bosso ◽  
Patrick D. Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Series Analysis

ABSTRACT The use of fluoroquinolones has been linked to increasing bacterial resistance and infection and/or colonization with already resistant pathogens both as a risk factor and based on volume of use. Changes in individual fluoroquinolones used in an institution may also be related to these clinical problems. Interrupted time series analysis, which allows for assessment of the associations of an outcome attributable to a specific event in time, was used to study the effect of changes in our hospital's fluoroquinolone formulary on fluoroquinolone susceptibility rates in select gram-negative pathogens and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation rate. Susceptibility rates to ciprofloxacin were considered for the period of 1993 through 2004, while the MRSA isolation rate was assessed from 1995 through 2004. Levofloxacin was added to the formulary in 1999, and gatifloxacin was substituted for levofloxacin in 2001. Statistically significant changes in the already declining rates of susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P, 0.042) and Escherichia coli (P, 0.004) to ciprofloxacin and in the already rising MRSA isolation rate (P, 0.001) were associated with the addition of levofloxacin to the formulary. Substitution of gatifloxacin for levofloxacin on the formulary was associated with reversals in the downward trend in E. coli susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and the upward trend in MRSA isolation rate. No associations were detected on susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae or Proteus mirabilis to ciprofloxacin. These findings suggest that potential changes in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and isolation of MRSA may vary by both drug and organism.

Temporal relationship between prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in one hospital and prevalence of MRSA in the surrounding community: a time-series analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. MacKenzie ◽  
J.M. Lopez-Lozano ◽  
D.L. Monnet ◽  
D. Stuart ◽  
A. Beyaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Series Analysis

Hospital-wide modification of fluoroquinolone policy and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates: a 10-year interrupted time-series analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-J. Parienti ◽  
V. Cattoir ◽  
P. Thibon ◽  
G. Lebouvier ◽  
R. Verdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Is Increasing in Norway: A Time Series Analysis of Reported MRSA and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Cases, 1997–2010

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e70499 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Moxnes ◽  
Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio ◽  
Truls Michael Leegaard ◽  
Aina E. Fossum Moen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Series Analysis

scholarly journals Has the Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Increased Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use and Resistance?: a 10-Year Time Series Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5655-5660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameson B. Wood ◽  
Donald B. Smith ◽  
Errol H. Baker ◽  
Stephen M. Brecher ◽  
Kalpana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThere are an increasing number of indications for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use, including skin and soft tissue infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA). Assessing the relationship between rates of use and antibiotic resistance is important for maintaining the expected efficacy of this drug for guideline-recommended conditions. Using interrupted time series analysis, we aimed to determine whether the 2005 emergence of CA-MRSA and recommendations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the preferred therapy were associated with changes in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and susceptibility rates. The data from all VA Boston Health Care System facilities, including 118,863 inpatient admissions, 6,272,661 outpatient clinic visits, and 10,138 isolates were collected over a 10-year period. There was a significant (P= 0.02) increase in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prescriptions in the post-CA-MRSA period (1,605/year) compared to the pre-CA-MRSA period (1,538/year). Although the overall susceptibility ofEscherichia coliandProteusspp. to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased over the study period, the rate of change in the pre- versus the post-CA-MRSA period was not significantly different. The changes in susceptibility rates ofS. aureusto trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and to methicillin were also not significantly different. The CA-MRSA period is associated with a significant increase in use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but not with significant changes in the rates of susceptibilities among clinical isolates. There is also no evidence for selection of organisms with increased resistance to other antimicrobials in relation to increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use.

Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus post-sternotomy mediastinitis following the implementation of universal pre-operative nasal decontamination with mupirocin: an interrupted time-series analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael San-Juan ◽  
Consuelo Alejandra Gotor-Pérez ◽  
Francisco López-Medrano ◽  
Mario Fernández-Ruiz ◽  
David Lora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention Period ◽  
Series Analysis

Abstract Background Although pre-surgical nasal decontamination with mupirocin (NDM) has been advocated as a measure for preventing post-surgical mediastinitis (PSM) due to Staphylococcus aureus, this strategy is not universally recommended due to the lack of robust supporting evidence. We aimed to evaluate the role of pre-operative NDM in the annual incidence of S. aureus PSM at our institution. Methods An interrupted time-series analysis, with autoregressive error model, was applied to our single-center cohort by comparing pre-intervention (1990-2003) and post-intervention period (2005 to 2018). Logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors for S. aureus PSM. Findings 12,236 sternotomy procedures were analyzed (6,370 [52.1%] and 5,866 [47.9%] in the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods, respectively). The mean annual percentage adherence to NDM estimated over the post-interventional period was 90.2%. Only four out of 127 total cases of S. aureus PSM occurred during the 14-years post-intervention period (0.68/1,000 sternotomies vs. 19.31/1,000 in pre-interventional period [p<0.0001]). Interrupted time-series analysis demonstrated a statistically significant annual reduction of S. aureus PSM trend of –9.85 cases per 1,000 sternotomies (-13.17 to -6.5, P-value< 0·0001) in 2005, with a decreasing trend maintained over the following five years with an estimated relative reduction of 84.8% (95% CI: 89·25 to 74·09). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the single independent risk factor for S. aureus PSM (odds ratio: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.72-7.93) and was equally distributed in patients undergoing sternotomy during pre or post-intervention periods. Interpretation Our experience suggests that the implementation of pre-operative NDM reduces significantly the incidence of S. aureus PSM.

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