The Beginnings of Urbanization in Rome

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Smith
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the urbanization process in Rome based on archaeological evidence. Archaeological attention has been refocused on Rome because the question of the reliability of our sources for early Rome has been reopened and because recent and ancient sources have been found to cohere to a surprising degree. The chapter suggests that the curiae are interestingly urban in their interests and functions, and in the way they participate in conscious and unconscious dialectics across the whole urban landscape. It also discusses the distinction between proto-urban and urban.

Application of Low-Carbon Concept in Urban Landscape Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
An Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Day By Day

In recent years, China’s urbanization process is accelerating day by day, as a part of urban construction, urban landscape design is of great significance to promote the healthy development of the city, especially the application of low-carbon concept to landscape design can highlight the era theme of green and environmental protection. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between low-carbon and urban landscape, the specific embodiment of low-carbon concept in landscape design and the application of low-carbon concept in urban landscape design for reference.

Discipline, Community, and Conformity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Way

Every group has standards of action which are enforced through various social mechanisms. Quakerism’s greatest punishment was “disownment” or the expelling of a member from the group, but this was the result of a sometimes long process of “treating” with errant members. While this structure was common, the particular crimes which occasioned such procedures and the way they were prosecuted were very much local. Alcohol and tobacco are frequently understood as “sinful” in historical archaeological works but chapter 6 complicates this picture, exploring the roles of these substances in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). The chapter also considers the way the “discipline” was and was not applied in the BVI, and continues to trace a series of fault lines within the BVI Quaker community arising from disagreements over priorities and perspectives. The written record is evaluated here, and it is argued that it must be seen as the product of only part of this community which is, in part, countered by archaeological evidence.

The poet and the knife-grinder

Street Songs ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 159-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Karlin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Visual History ◽  
The Way

Walt Whitman’s short poem ‘Sparkles from the Wheel’ describes an encounter on a Manhattan street with a knife-grinder who ‘works at his wheel sharpening a great knife’: the ‘sparkles from the wheel’ form the knife-grinder’s song. The poem, with its narrator observing a group who are watching the knife-grinder’s magical performance, circles back to Wordsworth’s ‘Power of Music’, with which I began. But the way the narrator places himself in the scene, the description of the old man at work, and the implied politics of the urban landscape are all radically different. In the knife-grinder’s long literary and visual history, there are very few images that ennoble his ‘art’, and some that carry the darkest intimations of violence. Whitman deliberately refrains from investing the knife-grinder with attributes ‘above his station’. What is transcendent is not the knife-grinder himself, but his utterance—matched by that of the poet.

The Sylheti Bari and the Londoni Flat

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zeitlyn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Children’S Play ◽  
Bangladeshi Families ◽  
British Bangladeshi ◽  
The Way

This article examines the ways in which migration from rural homesteads in Sylhet, Bangladesh, to urban flats in London has affected the practices of British Bangladeshi families around gender and childhood. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu on the “Kabyle house,” I describe relations between the spatial arrangement of homes and practices. Analyzing the “Sylheti bari” (rural homestead) and contrasting it with the “ Londoni (British Bangladeshi) flat,” I describe the significance of the way in which ideas of “inside” and “outside” have translated from one setting to another. I will show how the translation of these ideas to the urban landscape in London affects British Bangladeshi practices surrounding headscarf wearing, children’s play, and socializing, as well as attitudes toward school and language.

ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TOUMBA BUILDING AT LEFKANDI

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Georg Herdt
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
The Way

The building at Toumba, Lefkandi, stands unique in its time and place. The remains of this monument are significant in terms of size and elaboration, and also on account of the way it has been reconstructed and interpreted as the ancestor of the Greek peripteral temple. The primary concern of this article is the structural evaluation of the architectural remains. In part due to the scant nature of the archaeological evidence behind the widely accepted reconstruction, the latter can be seen to have several structural shortcomings. In reassessing the structure several factors are considered, including the state of technology at the time of construction, the characteristics of the building materials employed, and the way they respond to the strains of load and the forces of nature. The process of reconciling such factors with the documented remnants of the building directs us towards a different reconstruction. It thus emerges that the building at Toumba is an implausible ancestor of Greek peripteroi, and an alternative solution without the iconic pre-peristasis is proposed here.

scholarly journals Hope Island: salvage excavation of a Kombumerri site

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Walters ◽  
Peter Lauer ◽  
Anna Nolan ◽  
Graham Dillon ◽  
Michael Aird
Keyword(s):  
Gold Coast ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Folk Theory ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Southeast Queensland ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
The Way

This paper reports the salvage excavations of a shell midden at Hope Island, Gold Coast City, southeast Queensland. Archaeological investigations were carried out in the Gold Coast region during the late 1960s and early 1970s (e.g. Haglund-Calley and Quinnell 1973; Haglund 1975, 1976), but as academic input into the area waned it became something of a folk theory in the mainstream Anglo-Saxon community that nothing worthwhile in the way of archaeological evidence remained in the area. The Kombumerri people, traditional owners who have never ceded title to their land, knew differently. This paper follows an extensive site recording program undertaken by the Kombumerri Cultural Centre and the Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland, which has clearly demonstrated the correctness of their view: material evidence of significance to the local Aboriginal community abounds within the Gold Coast City limits and its environs.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Statues: Memorialising Queen Victoria in London and Calcutta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Plunkett
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Political ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Hero Worship ◽  
The Way

The Victoria Memorial in London and the Victoria MemorialHall, Calcutta, are the two most substantial and enduring commemorative schemesbuilt following the death of Queen Victoria on 23 January 1901. Both memorialsremain heritage icons, immediately recognisable parts of the urban fabric ofLondon and Calcutta. The original schemes are nonetheless notable for the imperialmyth-making and the way they place Victoria as the focal point of British rule.Moreover, both schemes foreground the question of the nature of Victoria’sagency and fashioning in relation to commemoration and hero-worship. Thestatues of Victoria by Thomas Brock at the heart of both memorials are part ofmuch grander and elaborate reshaping of the political and urban landscape, butthe commemoration of Victoria in Britain and India reveals some of thefrictions and instability around her legacy.        

Re-envisioning Prehispanic Mesoamerican Economies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Feinman ◽  
Linda M. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Market System ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Exuberant Spanish accounts of the 16th century Aztec market system have been part of the documentary record for hundreds of years. Yet the significance of markets and marketplace exchanges in the prehispanic Mesoamerican world has consistently been under-theorized until relatively recently. One of the key, but not sole, factors that has forced a shift in our analytical framing is the archaeological evidence that almost all production (craft and agrarian) was situated domestically in prehispanic Mesoamerica, yet many households were producing at least in part for exchange. In consequence, centralized managerial control over production would have been difficult if not impossible to sustain. Although such findings have cast great doubt on long-held visions of Mesoamerican command economies, understanding how power was funded in different prehispanic time/space contexts remains a central issue with a greater analytical focus now shifted to the fiscal foundations of collective action, governance, and power. Despite important shifts in the specific lessons and legacies that we draw from Marx’s historical analysis, intellectual parallels and debts to this materialist frame of thought remain, and these help generate new questions to guide the way forward for studying this region’s past.

Pergamum

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Way

Pergamum is unquestionably one of the most impressive archaeological sites in all of Turkey. Pergamum’s attractions are hard to surpass—the breathtaking view from its theater carved out of the side of the acropolis, the magnificent restored Temple of Trajan, the foundations of the Great Altar of Zeus, the ancient healing center of Asclepius, the Temple of Serapis (the Red Hall), and the archaeological museum. A visit to Pergamum should not be rushed. There is much here to reward the patient visitor who will explore the riches of this ancient city. The site of ancient Pergamum is scattered in and around the modern town of Bergama, located in the western part of Turkey, approximately 65 miles north of Izmir. According to ancient mythology, Pergamum was founded by Telephus, king of Asia Minor and the son of Hercules (and thus the grandson of Zeus). Archaeological evidence indicates that Pergamum was settled as early as the 8th century B.C.E. Xenophon, the Greek historian who was involved in a mercenary expedition against the Persians, mentions that in 399 B.C.E. he and his soldiers spent some time at Pergamum. Little is known about Pergamum until the Hellenistic period, when Pergamum and all of Asia Minor came under the control of Alexander the Great. After the death of Alexander in 323 B.C.E., Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals (the Diadochoi) involved in the struggle for Alexander’s kingdom, eventually gained control of all of Asia Minor. He deposited a considerable amount of wealth in the treasury of Pergamum and placed one of his officers, Philetaerus, in charge. Philetaerus eventually turned against Lysimachus. After Lysimachus’ death, Philetaerus (r. 281–263 B.C.E.) used the money to establish a principality, with Pergamum as its capital. Unmarried (and supposedly a eunuch due to an accident), Philetaerus adopted his nephew Eumenes I as his successor. Eumenes I (r. 263–241 B.C.E.) was successful in defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I at Sardis and expanding the rule of Pergamum throughout the Caicus River valley and all the way to the Aegean Sea. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his adopted son Attalus I Soter (r. 241–197 B.C.E.).

Eating Out

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
The Way

The restaurant in its modern form was an important addition to the nineteenth-century urban landscape. It epitomized the new forms of metropolitan culture. The restaurant is explored here through the way in which it developed forms of commercial hospitality, which were in turn, integral to the discourses of the West End. Pleasure districts function partly through a discourse of hospitality which makes them inviting. Eating out was never just about the consumption of food; it was about the facilitation of forms of social interaction. The chapter looks at elite restaurants such as Romano’s on the Strand, which were crucial to the nightlife of the rich. It then looks at the way the West End developed food for the masses by delving into two business empires. First, it studies the world of Lyons catering, which established a hugely successful franchise of tea shops, starting in the West End. It then looks at the world of the Gattis, who owned cafeterias, music halls, and theatres. The Gatti’s restaurant on the Strand was a major West End venue which attracted middle-class diners in an opulent setting but with affordable prices.

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