The Farther They Come, the Harder They Fall? First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in the Swedish Labour Market

Starting School ◽

Employment Rates ◽

Sweden has been an immigrant country since World War II, with a mix of labour (especially from neighbouring Nordic countries) and refugee immigration up to the early 1970s and a large inflow of refugees, especially from the Middle East, after that. In 2002, almost 13 percent of the Swedish population was born in another country, summing up to more than one million inhabitants out of a total nine million. Labour immigrants arriving before 1970 used to have a labour-market achievement on a par with native Swedes. In recent decades, however, the first generation of immigrants, particularly those of non-European origin, have had relatively poor success in the labour market. This is counterbalanced by two facts: first, immigrants' labour-market attainment improves with years of residence in Sweden; second, there is considerable assimilation across generations. The second generation (born in Sweden, or who immigrated before starting school) do almost as well in the labour market as those with two Swedish-born parents. The remaining worry for this group is their relatively low employment rates.

Economic integration of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants in the Swiss labour market: Does the reason for immigration make a difference?

Population Space and Place ◽

10.1002/psp.2426 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dina Maskileyson ◽

Moshe Semyonov ◽

Eldad Davidov

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Second Generation ◽

One person, three identities? Examining re-politicization of ethnic, national, and Australian identities among 1.5-generation Taiwanese immigrants in Australia

Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1177/1440783320934157 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 144078332093415

Author(s):

Yao-Tai Li

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Identity Negotiation ◽

Generation 1.5 ◽

The Political ◽

Host Society ◽

1.5 Generation ◽

Ethnic Chinese ◽

Immigrants of the 1.5-generation (1.5-ers) differ from first- and second-generation immigrants because they are generally better immersed in the culture of the host society than the first generation; yet, compared to the second generation, they often have to renegotiate their identities in relation to parents, colleagues at work, and people in the host society during the processes of migration. Drawing on interview data from Taiwanese 1.5-ers in Australia, this article takes a further step and points out that in addition to the identity struggle between home and host country, Taiwanese 1.5-ers also identify as ethnic Chinese (Huaren) and constantly negotiate between these three identities (Huaren, Taiwanese, and Australian). This article argues that identity negotiation and hybridization is in nature a re-politicization process in which respondents are fully aware of the political meanings and power disparities of each identity. It is also a process whereby Taiwanese 1.5-ers mobilize, downplay, and hybridize specific identities based on time and context.

Suicide among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden: association with labour market marginalisation and morbidity

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/cku161.041 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

D Di Thiene ◽

K Alexanderson ◽

P Tinghög ◽

G La Torre ◽

E Mittendorfer-Rutz

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Second Generation ◽

Suicide among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Sweden: association with labour market marginalisation and morbidity

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2014-204648 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Domitilla Di Thiene ◽

K Alexanderson ◽

P Tinghög ◽

G La Torre ◽

E Mittendorfer-Rutz

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Second Generation Immigrants

Marriage migration and the economic trajectories of first- and second-generation immigrants in Norway

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/0001699319841668 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 249-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ferdinand A Mohn

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Western Europe ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Marriage Migration ◽

First Marriage ◽

Marriage Migrants ◽

Before And After ◽

Although marriage migration is an important route for immigration to Western Europe, little is known about how it is associated with the labour market trajectories of the minority populations involved. Using longitudinal population registry data on residents from a non-Western migrant background in Norway, this study compares the employment and earnings of those who ‘marry back home’, with those who find a spouse among Norwegian residents with the same national origin background. Following individuals up to 10 years before and after their first marriage (279,527 observations between 1993 and 2010), distributed fixed effects estimations suggest that the labour market trajectory is weaker in the years after marriage for those who have married marriage migrants, albeit the differences are small for men. For women from the first generation, marrying a marriage migrant is associated with lower employment and earnings, progressively declining with time. For women from the second generation, this relative decrease only holds for the labour earnings of employed women. Supplementary analyses indicate that the falling labour market trajectories of women marrying marriage migrants are related to lower educational attainment, higher fertility and stronger associations between motherhood and the labour market.

The (South) American Dream: Mobility and Economic Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050717000808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 971-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Santiago Pérez

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Economic Outcomes ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

Mass Migration ◽

European Immigrants ◽

I study the mobility and economic outcomes of European immigrants and their children in nineteenth-century Argentina, the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration. I use new data linking males across censuses and passenger lists of arrivals to Buenos Aires. First-generation immigrants experienced faster occupational upgrading than natives. Occupational mobility was substantial relative to Europe; immigrants holding unskilled occupations upon arrival experienced high rates of occupational upgrading. Second-generation immigrants outperformed the sons of natives in terms of literacy, occupational status and access to property, and experienced higher rates of intergenerational mobility out of unskilled occupations.

‘The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorders’revisited

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700013374 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 195-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Bruce P. Dohrenwend

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Field Studies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Third Generation ◽

World War ◽

Case Identification ◽

Two Generations ◽

SYNOPSISSince the turn of the century and up to about 1980, there have been two generations of epidemiological studies of the true prevalence of psychiatric disorders: a pre-World War II first generation and a post-World War II second generation. With the appearance of DSM-III in 1980 and the changes in epidemiological proceducres coincident with it, it has become meaningful in the US to talk about the beginnings of a new, third generation or studies in psychiatric epidemiology. The purposes of this paper are: first, to briefly summarize the problems of validity with the procedures for case identification and diagnosis in the first-and second-generation studies; second, to consider some of the newer developments with regard to diagnostic instruments that either are or should be influencing third-generation studies; third, to discuss some of the problems of validity in the handful of third-generation studies done so far; and fourth, to describe and illustrate an approach that seems to make sense in the context of gaps in knowledge of aetiology and pathogenesis that leave us still dependent on interviews for case identification and classification.

Obsessive beliefs and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive symptoms amongst immigrant children and early adolescents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-285168/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Pozza ◽

Anna Coluccia ◽

Silvia Casale ◽

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Federico Mucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Immigrant Youth ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Abstract Background. Vulnerability factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) features in immigrant youth are under-studied. The migration process can have a highly stressful impact on the psychological wellbeing of the individual and it may represent a precipitating factor for different forms of psychopathology. Little is known about the occurrence of OC traits. Unlike other European countries, immigration to Italy is a recent phenomenon. In community children/early adolescents, this study compared OC general symptoms/subtypes and vulnerability cognitive factors amongst Italian natives, first- and second-generation immigrants, and examined whether such vulnerability factors moderate the relation between immigrant status and OC symptoms/subtypes, beyond socio-demographic/clinical variables. Methods. Two hundred sixty-eight children/early adolescents (99 natives, 82 and 87 first- and second-generation immigrants respectively) completed the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version, Spence’s Children Anxiety Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory.Results. As compared with the other groups, first-generation immigrants had the highest levels of perfectionism and threat overestimation. Both first- and second-generation immigrants had higher doubting – checking traits than natives. First-generation immigrants with higher threat overestimation showed lower obsessing traits. Conclusions. Community screening programs for OC features should consider immigrant youth as a vulnerable group and, potentially, the target of an early intervention.

Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale ◽

Educational Assimilation of First-Generation and Second-Generation Immigrants in Germany

10.1007/s12134-021-00863-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Gries ◽

Margarete Redlin ◽

Moonum Zehra

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Education Outcomes ◽

Using Data ◽

Education Gap ◽

AbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–2018, we analyze the intergenerational education mobility of immigrants in Germany by identifying the determinants of differences in educational stocks for first- and second-generation immigrants in comparison to individuals without a migration background. Our results show that on average, first-generation immigrants have fewer years of schooling than native-born Germans and have a disproportionate share of lower educational qualifications. This gap is strongly driven by age at immigration, with immigration age and education revealing a nonlinear relationship. While the gap is relatively small among individuals who migrate at a young age, integrating in the school system at secondary school age leads to large disadvantages. Examining the educational mobility of immigrants in Germany, we identify an inter-generational catch-up in education. The gap in education between immigrants and natives is reduced for the second generation. Finally, we find that country of origin differences can account for much of the education gap. While immigrants with an ethnic background closer to the German language and culture show the best education outcomes, immigrants from Turkey, Italy, and other southern European countries and especially the group of war refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other MENA countries, have the lowest educational attainment.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Norway

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458514554055 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Pål Berg-Hansen ◽

Stine M Moen ◽

Leiv Sandvik ◽

Hanne F Harbo ◽

Inger J Bakken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Immigrant Populations ◽

Norwegian Population ◽

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is unevenly distributed worldwide. Immigration to Norway from countries with a lower MS prevalence is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate MS prevalence in different immigrant populations in Norway and evaluate the effect of migrating from low- to high-risk regions of MS. Method: First- and second-generation immigrants from the largest immigrant populations were identified from the 2012 Norwegian prevalence study. Prevalence of MS in different ethnic groups was compared using the standardized prevalence ratio (SPR). Results: European and North-American immigrants had the highest prevalence of MS, whereas African and Asian immigrants had the lowest. The prevalence of first-generation Iranian immigrants was not significantly different from the total Norwegian population (SPR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46–1.03). Second-generation immigrants from Pakistan (SPR 1.62, 95% CI: 0.88–2.76) had a strong increase in prevalence compared to the first generation (SPR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.28). Conclusion: MS prevalence among immigrants in Norway in general reflects the uneven distribution worldwide. The sharp increase in prevalence in immigrants seen in one generation suggests strong environmental factors affecting the MS risk in Norway.