Introduction: Slavery, Social Revolutions and Enduring Memories

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Lane ◽  
Kevin C. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Slavery played an important role in the economies of most historically documented African states of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This introductory chapter considers the regionality and relative antiquity of various forms of enslavement on the African continent, as well as a range of emergent archaeological studies on the subject. Further, the lingering impacts of slave economies and the memories of enslavement are critically assessed, including consideration of recent efforts to document and ‘memorialise’ both the tangible and intangible heritage of slavery on the continent. The contributions to the present volume are situated within these issues with the aim of drawing out commonalities between chapters and emphasising the value of an inter-regional comparative approach.

Ultra mensuram tendere. Zur Maßlosigkeit mönchischer Askese (David von Augsburg, García Jiménez de Cisneros, Bernardino de Laredo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Christina Johanna Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe present contribution deals with excess in medieval and early modern monastic asceticism. It claims that excess, in this context, is not an individual option, but a general problem inherent to Christian asceticism. By giving priority to self-denial, this type of asceticism promotes a self-regulated, autonomous subjectivity which is clearly an unintentional by-product of the asceticism. Therefore individual asceticism oscillates between prohibited self-fashioning and, as a response, intensified self-denial. The problem is outlined in an introductory chapter about ‘De exterioris et interioris hominis compositione’ by David of Augsburg. Following this, two early modern Spanish books are used to illustrate how spiritual texts deal with the ambivalences of asceticism. The ‘Exercitatorio de la vida spiritual’ by García Jiménez de Cisneros regulates asceticism in detail, while the ‘Subida del monte Sión’ by Bernardino de Laredo allows the subject more room for interpretation; this however comes at the price of a fictionalisation of asceticism.

The Consumers Union Report on Family Planning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
KENNETH J. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Source Book ◽  
Union Report ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lay Reader

This short publication covers the subject of family planning with regard to both the use of contraceptive methods for preventing pregnancy and the infertility evaluation for those who cannot conceive. A short introductory chapter is devoted to a discussion of the physiology of ovulation and fertilization. The material is well organized and reasonably comprehensive for the lay reader. In addition, it is a fair and accurate summary of our present state of knowledge. The book has a pleasing format and is executed with taste. While this material is suitable for the educated layman, there is, as yet, no completely satisfactory source book for the physician.

scholarly journals Curative protection for the satisfaction of the weaker party in contractual relations: الحماية العلاجية لرضا الطرف الضعيف في العلاقات التعاقدية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Mehdi Adnan Al-Fahham, Ammar Kereem Al-Fetlawy
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contractual Relations ◽  
Weak Party

The subject of curative protection to the satisfaction of the weak party in contractual relations is one of the issues that have taken on the opinion of legal jurisprudence, it had to be addressed by research and study, especially in the current situation because of this prominent issue in the relations of people in the field of concluding contracts, despite the importance of this The topic, however, we find that he did not receive a share of the legislative organization commensurate with that importance, because the legislator did not put clear or direct texts through which the weak party’s satisfaction could be protected, but rather different theories scattered in various laws that did not reach the level of familiarity with this issue in all its aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to search for solutions through which we can protect the consent of the weak party ... all that and more that we covered in this study by following both the inductive approach and the comparative approach and the analytical approach, where we extrapolated the most important jurisprudence opinions that were said in this regard, as well as the analysis of legal texts and that Within the scope of Iraqi law and French law, and then we extrapolated the most important doctrinal opinions to the most important results and proposals we have reached to protect the consent of the weak party in contractual relations. The study reached a set of results, among which the researcher reached a set of results, including the creation of the French legislator a new defect in his legislation, which the judiciary had the largest role in alerting to the existence of this defect, its purpose is to protect the consent of the weak party in economic relations, by setting the dependency criterion as the origin of the contractor the weak victim of this kind of coercion. Secondly, the grace period despite thinking is a modern idea, but the French legislator clarified the mechanisms that contractors can follow in their contractual relations and impose a penalty in the event that the weak contracting professional is deprived of it, as it is a right granted to the weak party according to clear and explicit legislative texts. The researcher reached a set of recommendations, among which we recommend the legislator to introduce the defect of economic coercion to address cases of imbalance in the contractual balance that he seeks to achieve in all contractual relationships. We suggest that the Iraqi legislator stipulates the deadline for thinking about its legislation, because the protection that is granted to the weak party is only subsequent protection, at a time when the weak party needs legal protection prior to concluding the contract.

scholarly journals Kulturarv – et begreb til forhandling

1970 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Beate Knuth Federspiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Normative System ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Conservation ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

The international organisations active in the field of cultural conservation represent the normative framework for the protection of culture and heritage. Within this administrative and legal system, ideas about the overall meaning of the cultural heritage preservation concept are created and disseminated, and these have implications for museums’ obligations (collection, recording, conservation, research and communication), which collectively can be seen as society’s overall effort to preserve cultural heritage. The subject of this article is to examine how cultural conservation efforts shift focus in step with changes in society’s overall understanding of the concept of cultural heritage – which by nature is the object of these conservation efforts. The most recent UNESCO conventions on culture (The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and The Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions) testify to a growing appreciation of the value of this overall concept, focusing on people, right down to individual level – whereas focus was previously on national unity and a shared ”story” as the identification markers. The situation may seem especially justified by the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage, in which the intangible is increasingly taken into account. This article highlights key concepts and the continuing debate about their importance in the normative system. The emphasis is on the increasing value attributed to the concept of heritage, and the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage. Against this background, possible consequences for the basic conservation effort are discussed, because this is the foundation of the fundamental idea of what a museum is, as well as justifying the normative system in the field of culture. 

Overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gothic Revival ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Medieval Archaeology ◽  
The Impact

This overview traces early engagements with the medieval past in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the impact of the Landscape Movement in gardens, Romanticism in poetry and fiction, the Picturesque in painting, and particularly the Gothic Revival in architecture. It discusses the seeds of later medieval archaeology in the twentieth century, framed by war and new ideals of a common national heritage, and picks out the influential people, projects, and institutions that have shaped the subject.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Z. Buchwald ◽  
Mordechai Feingold
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Church History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Fluid Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Natural Philosophers

This introductory chapter discusses Isaac Newton’s immersion in ancient prophecies, Church history, and alchemy. These investigations raise several questions: what links his interest in such matters to his investigations in optics, mechanics, and mathematics? Was Newton in his alchemical laboratory the same Newton who analyzed the passage of light through a prism and who measured the behavior of bodies falling through fluid media? What did the Newton who interpreted the Book of Revelation have to do with the man who wrote the Principia Mathematica? And how does the Newton who pored over ancient texts square with the author of the Opticks? The Newton that is the subject of this book differs in striking ways from any scientist of the twenty-first century. But he differed as well from his contemporary natural philosophers, theologians, and chronologers. The book investigates the origin of this difference and then uses it to produce a new understanding of Newton’s worldview and its historical context.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ossa-Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Actual Process ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Thought ◽  
Significant Attention

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the intellectual and cultural impact of the oracles of pagan antiquity on modern European thought. It identifies a conflict between the conservative and the radical, the orthodox and the heterodox, with the latter usually glorified, explicitly or not, as the harbinger of Enlightenment. It devotes significant attention to the actual process and texture of argument, and to those who lost the debate. It argues that heterodoxy is not as transparent as it may seem, and has often been taken for granted without justification, or sought in the wrong places. The book also engages with texts outside the canons of libertine and antilibertine thought. The extent of historical interest in the oracles may come as a surprise: alongside the poets and preachers who reworked conventional tropes from antiquity, hundreds of scholars, theologians, and critics commented on the subject, drawing on all manner of intellectual contexts to frame their beliefs.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Nahin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Aristotelian Logic ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Electronic Circuitry ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Subject

This introductory chapter considers the work of mathematician George Boole (1815–1864), whose book An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854) would have a huge impact on humanity. Boole's mathematics, the basis for what is now called Boolean algebra, is the subject of this book. It is also called mathematical logic, and today it is a routine analytical tool of the logic-design engineers who create the electronic circuitry that we now cannot live without, from computers to automobiles to home appliances. Boolean algebra is not traditional or classical Aristotelian logic, a subject generally taught in college by the philosophy department. Boolean algebra, by contrast, is generally in the hands of electrical engineering professors and/or the mathematics faculty.

Cinematic Realism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Henri Bergson ◽  
Georg Lukacs ◽  
Siegfried Kracauer ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Georg Lukács

This book explores the subject of cinematic realism through a long Introduction which covers general notions related to cinematic realism, and then through close analysis of book chapters written by Siegfried Kracauer and Georg Lukács. The theories of Edmund Husserl and Henri Bergson are also covered. The long Introduction attempts to set out a model of cinematic realism based on a philosophical realist and ‘externalist’ position. This is followed by an introductory chapter on Bergson, which serves as a foundation for the following four chapters, which cover the work of Lukács. The same structure is then repeated for Kracauer: an introductory chapter on Husserl is followed by four chapters on Kracauer.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Lloyd P. Gerson
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intelligible World

This introductory chapter looks at how philosopher Richard Rorty advanced the thesis that Platonism and philosophy are more or less identical. The point of insisting on this identification is the edifying inference Rorty thinks is to be drawn from it: If one finds Platonism unacceptable, then one ought to abandon philosophy. Hence, a rejection of Platonism is really a rejection of the principles shared by most philosophers up to the present. The chapter then poses the opposition between Platonism and Naturalism as the opposition between philosophy and anti-philosophy. Plato states in his Republic in a clear and unambiguous way that the subject matter of philosophy is “that which is perfectly or completely real,” that is, the intelligible world and all that it contains. If Rorty is right, then the denial of the existence of this content is the rejection of philosophy. But self-declared Naturalists divide over whether philosophy has a distinct subject matter. Nevertheless, the most consistent form of Naturalism will hold that with the abandonment of the Platonic subject matter must go the abandonment of a distinct subject matter for philosophy.

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