Pemberdayaan komunitas peduli lingkungan melalui PKM Kubermas tahap 1 di Universitas Khairun

Kubermas (Community Work Lecture) is one of the intracurricular programs organized by Khairn University. The form of activity is in the form of service activities to implement the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. In phase 1, the main program of this Kubermas PKM activity is community empowerment to carry out the conservation of spices and herbs in home gardens. The activity location is on Campus 1 of FKIP, Akehuda sub-district, North Ternate city, and RT 14, Kayu Merah sub-district, South Ternate city. The objectives of the Kubermas PKM are 1) to form a community of people who have the sensitivity to plant and care for and utilize herbs and spices in the yard of the house as a conservation effort; 2) provide direct experience to students participating in Kubermas in community empowerment programs at Kubermas locations. The method of service is community participation and training. The results of this community service are public knowledge about the conservation of home garden spices and herbs and knowledge of the use of home garden spices and herbs in the manufacture of Hand Sanitizermade from herbs and Rorano during the pandemic. Students have direct experience of community assistance methods and the use of home gardens.

Funerary heritage tourism: definitions and principles

En muchas grandes ciudades, el ‘primer’ cementerio decimonónico es cada vez más el núcleo del turismo de cementerios. El texto considera el ‘patrimonio funerario’ como un desarrollo relacionado pero diferente. Señala la posible relación incómoda entre el turismo de cemen- terios y patrimonio funerario, en parte debido a la falta de voluntad de asociar directamente las visitas a los cementerios con la muerte. Un turismo de cementerios mal planteado puede socavar el patrimonio tangible e intangible de los cementerios. Muchos cementerios siguen en uso y, por lo tanto, deben considerase como ‘patrimonio vivo’. En estas circunstancias, la interpretación debe reconocer a los afectados como partes interesadas relevantes, mientras que los sistemas de interpretación deben comunicar con más firmeza los diversos aspectos de la mortalidad. Poner de relieve las dinámicas de ‘funcionamiento’ del cementerio es un marco narrativo poco explorado y es necesario ser consciente de que las formas de interpre- tación pueden sesgar el esfuerzo de conservación. Asimismo, se pueden plantear cuestiones éticas. En el texto sugerimos que, como mínimo, esa interpretación debería demostrar cómo la humanidad, en todas las épocas y culturas, se ha esforzado por aceptar la muerte. In many major cities, the ‘first’ nineteenth-century cemetery is increasingly the focus of cemetery tourism. This paper recognises ‘funerary heritage’ as an associated but separate development. It indicates that there can be an uneasy relationship between cemetery tourism and funerary heritage, in part resting on unwillingness directly to associate cemetery visits with death. Poorly framed cemetery tourism can actively undermine both the tangible and intangible heritage of cemeteries. Many cemeteries are still in use, and this paper regards these sites as ‘living heritage’. In these circumstances, interpretation should acknowledge the bereaved as relevant stakeholders; interpretation needs to be more confident in the ways in which it talks about the various aspects of mortality; foregrounding how the cemetery ‘works’ presents an under-explored narrative frame; and there is a need to be aware of the ways that interpretation can skew conservation effort. Ethical issues also pertain. Here it is suggested that, at the very least, that interpretation should demonstrate how –across all times and cultures– humanity has striven to come to terms with mortality.

Morphology, histochemical test, potential, and conservation effort of Alpinia warburgii K. Schum., a native species to Sulawesi

Alpinia warburgii is a species of the Zingiberaceae family native to Sulawesi. This study aims to characterize the plant morphology; analyze the anatomical structure, histochemical localization, and secretory cell structure of the rhizome; also discuss the potential and conservation effort of the species. Anatomical study and histochemical tests were observed microscopically using the fresh preparation method and wet mounted slide. Histochemical tests carried out include starch, protein, lipid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This study is considered the first report of histochemical tests on A. warburgii. The main morphological characteristics of A. warburgii are perennial herbaceous; inflorescence terminal and raceme; flowers white, labellum obovate with red lines in the middle, and flanked by light green edges; fruit globose, green when young and yellow when ripe. The rhizome anatomical structure comprises the epidermis, endodermis, hypodermis, parenchyma, cortex, and vascular bundles, classified as closed collateral type. Histochemical tests showed positive localization for starch, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The density of flavonoids secretory cells is higher than tannins and alkaloids, which indicates its potential as medicine to be associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, and anticancer. In addition to in-situ, ex-situ conservation effort through propagation is also important to maintain the species.

The Morphological and Anatomical Studies of The Aerial Parts of Abroma augusta L. from Semarang

Abroma augusta L. known as Devil’s cotton belongs to Malvaceae. The exploratory study aimed to study the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial parts of A. augusta L. from Semarang. The transverse section of the aerial parts was made by a simple method (fresh preparation) and then observed under a binocular microscope with an optilab. All characteristics were observed and then compared with the references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. In summary, the results showed that A. augusta L. was an evergreen shrub (small tree) with orthotropic and plagiotropic branches and polymorphous leaves. The inflorenscence was found in the terminal and axillar plagiotropic branching with bisex, actinomorphic, and pentamerous flowers. The fruit was unique (obconical capsule with a rounded base and truncate-tip with 5 angled wings) including cotton fibers and numerous black seeds. The petiole was composed of epidermis, collenchyma, cortical parenchyma, sclerenchyma, vascular bundle, mucilaginous ducts, and pith. The dorsiventral leaf was composed of upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy parenchyma. The stomata type was ranunculaceous (anomocytic) while the guard cell was kidney-shaped. The stomata density on the abaxial leaf was higher than that of the adaxial leaf. The stellate and unicellular non-glandular trichomes, and capitate glandular trichomes were found abundantly on the petiole and leaf blade. These morphological and anatomical studies are important to support the identification as a part of the conservation effort of the plant. Further studies are recommended to investigate the root morphology and anatomy and also biochemical characteristics of each part of the plant in order to obtain complete plant identification.

Ethnobotany of Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) in Tuamese Village, East Nusa Tenggara

Lontar is a plant that distributed in tropical areas and has beneficial values for the people in Tuamese Village, Biboki Anleu District, North Central Timor Regency. However, the information about the ethnobotany of lontar is not documented. This research aimed to determine the utilization of lontar in Tuamese Village. Data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques and field observation. The ethnobotany data were analyzed to calculate cultural significance index value. The results showed that the people in Tuamese Village who generally work as lontar farmers use stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit as building and fence materials, handicraft materials, food and drink ingredients, and firewood. Product from sap flower, namely liquid sugar, slab sugar, and traditional fermented drink (sopi) are the leading trade commodity. The utilization of lontar in Tuamese Village is grouped into seven forms of utilization with index of cultural significance 151 and classified very high. The classification means that lontar greatly affects people's lives in Tuamese Village and its use has become cultured. People's dependence on lontar is very high so the conservation effort needs to make the existence of lontar is maintained. Keywords: index cultural significance, lontar, Tuamese

Innovation of Substitute Material to Conservation Effort of Eusideroxylon Zwageri on Wooden Bridge Maintenance Project

Infrastructure in the form of bridges is very important for Buntok Regency in Central Kalimantan where the area is swampy or lowland area. Total wood bridge construction is 45% from total 163 bridge in this area that most of them are not proper condition considering some wood materials need to be replaced. The innovation has been created to find the effective way how to maintenance the wooden bridge that has been idle for long time due to broken material on superstructure of the bridge. The floor of bridge that constructed with previous materials of ulin wooden bridge replaced by composite materials with floordeck concrete combination. The implementation of Tampa Bridge maintenance innovation showed better performance in terms of safety, comfortable and smoothness of bridge users from community around. In terms of budget aspect, the maintenance is cumulatively more efficient than if carrying out floor changes every year considering no longer possible to find ulin wood anymore. On technical point of view, with reinforced concrete can be applied to wooden bridges selectively only on ulin wooden bridges whose substructure is still intact and only minor damage to the spoorband and floor occurs. Bridge maintenance procedures need to be create to keep better maintenance for longer life time of the existing bridge that can be applied for another wooden bridge for maintenance.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS POHON HASIL ILLEGAL LOGGING DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG

Deforestation makes a loss of 30.2% of the forest on Borneo from 1973 – 2010. Information about tree species has been logged still few. The aim of this study is to identify the types of trees that are sought and logged on Gunung Palung National Park. The method used was interviews with 45 loggers who had joined the UMKM program in collaboration between Yayasan ASRI, Health in Harmony, and Gunung Palung National Park Office. A field survey was conducted to find out the number of active loggers cutting down on Gunung Palung National Park. The result identified 15 families as tree species which mostly logged inside the park. Bengkirai (Shorea laevis Ridl.) and meranti (Shorea Roxb. Ex C.F.Gaertn.) are the most logged trees species. The frequency of logging can cut down a tree on average 10.6 trees per week or 533 trees a year for one logger. On 2018, the park already lost 34,286 trees from logging activity. The information about logged trees species is important for the conservation effort. Especially how to save species that are vulnerable and endangered.

ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEMPADAN SUNGAI TAPIN DI KABUPATEN TAPIN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGA

The degradation of culture and people's lives leads to the degradation of rivers and water. An alarming condition regarding the declining quality of the river's ecology, which has occurred in many places. A lot of garbage is found in the river, the width of the river is getting shorter because on the river border many people's houses are built on the river, sand mining activities in the river erode the depth of the river so that it has an impact on the quality of river water, fish farming activities and so on. That phenomenon lead to decreasing quality of rivers. The purpose of writing this research is to analyze community participation in the river border towards the environmental sustainability of the Tapin river in Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan. This study used a mixed research method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches with data collection techniques through interviews with informants, direct observations in the field and distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that the value of community participation on participation in the Tapin River conservation effort was 70.825%, which means that it was included in the participation level of 62.50% - 81.24% declared "participating". However, if viewed from the results of the interviews contained in the questionnaire, it was stated that only 30% participated while 70% of the community admitted that they had never participated in efforts to maintain and preserve the Tapin River.

Measuring Marine Protected Areas’ Conservation Effort: A Different Look at Three Deeply-Rooted Illusions

As a major tool for policies to protect biodiversity, the current idea of Marine Protected Areas is based on a triptych (a status, a perimeter, and regulations) that is intended to ensure their effectiveness, with the conservation effort assessed by adding up the classified surface areas. Based on an international comparative analysis using 13 differentiated case studies, we take another look at three founding illusions according to which (a) the MPA status corresponds to protection (b) on the level of the classified perimeter, and (c) founded upon regulations laid down to be respected. Our analysis shows that the status is an activatable capital, whose activation may encounter various obstacles that we have listed; that we should distinguish between two levels and types of protection, active and passive, rather than stick to the classified perimeter; that the lack of specific regulations means nothing with regard to the lack of protection; and that MPAs with a legal arsenal at their disposal use these rules first and foremost as a medium for dialogue with stakeholders, with various aims. This analysis leads us to specify what MPAs actually are, and to suggest new means and indicators to assess the conservation efforts made.