The Transition to Post-Industrial BMI Values in the United States

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Brabec ◽  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Post Industrial

The trend in the BMI values of the United States population has not been estimated accurately because time series data are unavailable and because the focus has been on calculating period effects. This chapter attempts to estimate long-run trends and the rate of change of BMI values by birth cohorts, stratified by gender and ethnicity, beginning with the mid-nineteenth century. The transition to post-industrial BMI values began in earnest after the First World War and, after slowing down during the Great Depression, accelerated with the spread of television viewing. While period effects provide an upper bound when the weight change occurred, birth cohort effects provide a lower bound. In the absence of longitudinal data, both effects need to be considered. Hence, the evidence leads to the hypothesis that transition to post-industrial weights probably started considerably earlier than hitherto asserted.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKSPOR NONMIGAS INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Editiawarman Editiawarman ◽  
Idris Idris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect

In this study the study of Analysis of factors affecting IndonesianNon-oil and gas exports to America and the data used in this study isquarterly time series data from 2007Q1-2018Q. The model used in thisstudy is the Error Correction Model / ECM. Data sourced from the WorldBank and the Ministry of Trade. The results of this study indicate that (1)the estimated economy of the United States in the long term and short termhas a significant positive relationship to Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports to the United States (2) a significant negative effect on Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports to the United States (3) Foreign direct investment or investment foreign direct in the long run, has a significant positive and in the short term does not have a significant and positive influence on non-oil and gas exports Indonesia to the United States.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate Dynamics and the Bilateral Trade Balance: The Case of U.S. Agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Baek ◽  
Won W. Koo ◽  
Kranti Mulik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Series Data ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Trading Partners

This study examines the dynamic effects of changes in exchange rates on bilateral trade of agricultural products between the United States and its 15 major trading partners. Special attention is paid to investigate whether or not the J-curve hypothesis holds for U.S. agricultural trade. For this purpose, an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is applied to quarterly time-series data from 1989 and 2007. Results show that the exchange rate plays a crucial role in determining the short- and long-run behavior of U.S. agricultural trade. However, we find little evidence of the J-curve phenomenon for U.S. agricultural products with the United States’ major trading partners.

Regional and Industrial Wage Dynamics in West Germany and the United States / Regionale und industrielle Lohndynamik in Westdeutschland und den USA

2002 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Mertens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Wage Dynamics ◽  
Demand Shocks ◽  
Individual Level

SummaryIt is commonly known that every economy is faced with the problem of unevenly distributed labour demand changes across industries, occupations and regions. In competitive labour markets flexible wages and the mobility of labour would lead to a new equilibrium distribution of wages and employment. Regional or industrial unemployment dispersion in Germany is often blamed on a lack of wage adjustments and the lack of labour mobility when economic fortunes are not distributed evenly, but this hypothesis is hardly ever tested. This paper asks how wage reactions in Germany compare with responses in the United States using individual level data. As a first step labour demand shocks are estimated from employment time series data using deterministic detrending and the Hodrick-Prescott filter. These are then included in typical wage regressions based on micro data. The results propose that German labour markets are not as inflexible as simple evidence might suggest. Although wages are regionally only flexible in the United States, wages are found to react to industrial labour demand shocks in both countries. Especially for more experienced and therefore less mobile groups in the German labour market wages react to industrial labour demand shocks.

scholarly journals Uncovered Interest Rate Parity and Investment: A Tripartite Analysis of Nigeria, United States of America and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Peter Ubi ◽  
Ishaku Rimamtanung Nyiputen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Interest Rate Parity ◽  
Uncovered Interest Rate Parity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Parity ◽  
The Impact

This study comparatively examined the validity of the theory of uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) for Nigeria and United States of America (USA) and for Nigeria and China, using USA and China as anchor countries respectively. The study also examined the impact of the theory (UIP) on investment in Nigeria. Using annual time series data spanning from 1980-2017, the pre-estimation test (Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test) was conducted. Given that the variables were integrated of order one and order zero, Autoregressive Distributed lag bound testing approach (ARDL) and Toda- Yamamoto causality test were employed for analysis. The ARDL result indicates that there is no long run relationship between Nigeria and USA but there is a long run relationship between Nigeria and China. By implication, the theory of UIP does not hold between Nigeria and USA but between Nigeria and China, the theory of UIP holds. Also, the result of Toda-Yamamoto indicates that the theory of UIP positively and significantly impacts on investment in Nigeria. The study recommended that the government should strengthen her economic relationship especially with China so as to encourage more investments by China in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Turkish Trade Balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Karamelikli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Short Run

<p>This study empirically analyses bilateral trade of Turkey with her main trade partners using monthly time series data over the period of 2000 to 2015. J-curve theory and short-run dynamics of bilateral trade is tested by linear ARDL and Non-linear ARDL approaches. The empirical results indicate that there is no J-curve effect during short-run for United States and for France; it symmetrically exists to Germany and asymmetrically to United Kingdom. Also long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance has mixed results. Asymmetric long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance for United States exists where it is symmetrically most appropriate for Germany. In the other hand this study failed to verify any long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance for France and for United Kingdom.</p>

scholarly journals A Determination Of The Trade Impacts Of The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
P. Lynn Kennedy ◽  
Brian Hilbun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to determine the impact of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) on the flow of trade between Australia and the United States. To accomplish this, time series data were gathered for 10 SITC REV. 1(0-9) classifications for the years 1985-2009. These data were then sorted into three sub-classes (by direction of trade flow): 1) U.S. exports for that particular SITC class to Australia, 2) vice versa, and then 3) total trade volume for that particular sub-class between the two nations. These three classifications for each SITC class were then regressed against the explanatory variables of GDP (both Australian/U.S.), Population (both Australian/U.S.), the Relative Exchange Rate (AU$/US$), and a dummy trade agreement variable, AUSFTA. The results suggest that AUSFTA has been a greater trade creation catalyst for Australia than for the United States. In fact, for the United States, a greater level of trade diversion has been the result.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trade Policy on The Position of Indonesian Coffee Market among The Major Importing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Sevi Oktafiana Fortunika ◽  
Harianto ◽  
Suharno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Roasted Coffee ◽  
Inferior Good ◽  
Coffee Substitute

Indonesia is the largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia, but it was confronted with market problems. This paper, therefore, analysed the demand system as the position market for Indonesian coffee, either green bean or roasted coffee in the main importing countries such as Germany, Japan and The United States. The linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model was used to analyse the position of Indonesian coffee and its competitors. Time series data from 1996 to 2017 were obtained for the analysis. Empirical results indicated that most of the slope coefficients were statistically significant and in accordance with microeconomic theory. The variables of trade policy effected the Indonesian coffee trade. Indonesian green bean was found to be elastic in Germany, Japan, and The United States. Then, Indonesian roasted coffee was found to be inelastic in Japan. Indonesian green bean was a luxury good only in Germany, but Indonesian roasted coffee was an inferior good in Germany and The United States. Both Indonesian green bean and roasted coffee were a necessity in Japan. Almost Indonesian coffee substitute for Brazilian coffee and Colombian coffee, and complementary with Vietnamese coffee as its competitor.

scholarly journals TESTING FOR INDONESIAN AND VIET NAM PRICE TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED STATES TUNA MARKETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Puspi Wiranthi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Asymmetrical Effect ◽  
The Us

This study aims to analyze Indonesia and Viet Nam price transmission as the main exporters of frozen yellowfin tuna to the United States (US) assuming that the market structure is oligopoly. Using monthly time series data of Indonesia, Viet Nam and US frozen yellowfin tuna prices with harmonized system code 03034200 from January 2006 to December 2018 and analyzed through an Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM), this study finds that both prices of Indonesia and Viet Nam are integrated to the US prices. Additionally, there are two-way causality relationships between both exporting countries as well as Viet Nam and the US. The short-term price transmission of Viet Nam has an asymmetrical effect on Indonesian prices while on the long-term, the price transmission among three countries occurs symmetrically which indicates that a competitive international market exists. Indonesia’s policy in increasing its market share in the US is not independent, but it is influenced by the price of Viet Nam as its main competitor. The findings of this study are relevant to fill the gap in the literature by providing a supporting evidence regarding price transmission between two main exporters to the US frozen yellowfin tuna market.

scholarly journals Household Debts-and Macroeconomic factors Nexus in the United States: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntebogang Dinah Moroke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run

This study applies cointegration and error correction approaches to determine the effect of macroeconomic determinants on household debt in the United States of America. Cointegration analysis provides an effective framework used for estimating and modelling relationships from time series data. Short-run and long-run cointegration models explaining the relationships between the US household debt and related macroeconomic factors are estimated. The data used covers a period of 1990 Q1 to 2013 Q1 and is sourced from the electronic data delivery system of the OECD, USA Federal Housing Finance Agency and the USA Department of the Treasury among others. SAS 9.3 version was used to obtain the results. The sample and variables were meritorious according to KMO and Cronbach’s alpha. Unit root test results provided enough evidence to conclude that the series were stationary after first differencing. Further data analysis was carried out with the first lag chosen by the AIC and SBC. Three cointegrating vectors were identified and were later standardised to correctly provide parameter estimates of the vector error correction model of household debts. The model revealed some short and long-run relationships. Revealed by the model is that 1.5 % of long-run equilibrium was corrected per quarter. The results of the current study are crucial to households and policy makers. Researchers may also refer to these results.

Age, Generations, and Participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Modes Of Action

Political scientists debate whether the Millennial generation is disengaging from politics in contemporary democracies. The ISSP surveys show that the generational decline in participation is largely limited to voting and other forms of partisan activity. At the same time, younger citizens are often more engaged in non-electoral activities, such as direct action, protest, and online participation. Time-series data for the United States disentangles the effects of life-cycle changes and generations. More recent generations display a clear decline in voting across the 1967–2014 period. In contrast, life-cycle increases in participation are more common for non-electoral activity. Both factors influence participation but in contrasting ways for different modes of action.

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