Economic Provisions of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Laura M. James
Keyword(s):  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Interim Period

The 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) contained a detailed economic blueprint for the “New Sudan”. The provisions of the Wealth Sharing Protocol established institutions and laid out principles to address key issues, including: oil sector management and the sharing of oil revenue; ownership and tenure of land; fiscal decentralisation; transparency and accountability; development and external assistance; currency and banking; and debt. During the Pre-Interim period and the Interim period, these provisions were implemented very selectively. This chapter looks at which parts of the economic agreement were prioritised and which sidelined, and weighs up alternative explanations for these choices. In particular, it assesses whether they can be attributed to the drafting of the original agreement (for example, because key clauses were dictated by outsiders, or had inadequate enforcement mechanisms), or to the changing interests of the parties and observers during implementation. It then considers how far the specific economic provisions and institutions established under the CPA had long-term consequences, whether positive or negative, for the two countries of Sudan and South Sudan, during the 2011 secession and beyond. The aim is to establish lessons that might contribute to the realistic design of future peace settlements.

ETHICAL LEADERSHIP OF KOSOVO LEADERS DURING THE WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2171-2172
Author(s):  
Ilir Qeriqi
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Town ◽  
Ethical Leaders

The paper examines the period of ethical leadership of KLA. Ethical leaders think about long-term consequences, drawbacks and benefits of the decisions they make in the organization. They are humble, concerned for the greater good, strive for fairness, take responsibility and show respect for each individual. Ethical leaders in the time of difficult dilemmas set high ethical standards and act in accordance with them. They influence ethical values of the organization through their behavior. Leaders serve as role models for their followers and show them the behavioral boundaries set within an organization. They are perceived as honest, trustworthy, courageous and demonstrating integrity. The more the leader “walks the talk”, by translating In this article I am going to write about a decision taken by Kosovo Liberation Army Leaders in the day that the war ended in Kosovo. On June 11th, 1999 in the town of Kumanova, Macedonia, the NATO forces and our Serbian Regime signed a peace agreement according to which Serbia had to withdraw all its forces from Kosovo within 12 days.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

Responding to Immediate and Long-Term Consequences of Terror

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Fabri ◽  
Amber Gray ◽  
Jeannette Uwineza
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Consequences

Themes, Diction, and Prosodic Systems in Yoruba Lullabies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusanmi Babarinde ◽  
Elizabeth Babarinde
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
World Views ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Future Learning

Lullabies are essentially sung for their soothing nature but, as this article shows, they have other important functions. One of the most important of these is that lullabies may provide much-needed language stimulation with important long-term consequences for future learning. This paper begins the work of addressing the dearth of scholarly research on lullabies, especially in the Yoruba (Nigeria: Niger-Congo) culture. It looks at the range of themes, dictions, and prosody that are intertwined to reveal Yoruba beliefs and world-views about children, starting with their time in the womb. The study uses a descriptive survey method to analyse data collected through participant observation. It shows that Yoruba lullabies not only offer insights into Yoruba cultural beliefs but also depend greatly on figurative expression and prosodic systems. These rich literary qualities identify lullabies as the earliest sub-genre of children's poetry.

MODERN ASPECTS OF TREATMENT CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Shelemekh K.E. ◽  
Petrov Yu.A. ◽  
Arndt I.G. ◽  
Evdokimova E.P. ◽  
Chernavsky V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The analysis of the data of modern scientific literature containing information on topical issues in the treat-ment of chronic endometritis as one of the most acute, frequently encountered problems of modern gynecol-ogy is carried out. This disease today requires special attention of doctors and scientists due to the erased course of the disease, complex diagnostics and multi-faceted treatment. Chronic inflammation affects men-strual function, fertility of women, is often a complica-tion of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and can also cause infertility and early loss, which actualizes the topic of timely and individually selected treatment for patients diagnosed with chronic endo-metritis. Treatment should be aimed at relieving clini-cal symptoms, eradicating the pathogen and combat-ing adverse long-term consequences. Today, many approaches to treatment are known, but it is worth choosing the most effective and promising ones. In addition to etiotropic and symptomatic treatment, attention should be paid to restoring the morphofunc-tional potential of the endometrium with the help of physiotherapy. An important advantage of such com-plexes is the possibility of intracavitary effects that increase the effectiveness of treatment due to local treatment.

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