Molecular characterization of traditional and improved rice cultivars based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) markers

Abstract We carried out the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of 20 indigenous Joha (aromatic) rice cultivars of Assam. Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) characterization of the cultivars revealed polymorphism in thirty-seven traits, establishing distinctiveness for their utilization in breeding programmes. Unweighted Neighbour Joining (UNJ) clustering based on usual Euclidean distances for the polymorphic markers grouped the cultivars into three multi-genotypic clusters. The Joha rice cultivars showed highly significant differences for all the quantitative traits except for panicle length. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability (GCV & PCV) were high for grain yield ha− 1 (24.62 & 24.85%) and filled grains panicle− 1 (23.69 & 25.02%). All the traits except days to flowering and maturity, flag leaf breadth and spikelet fertility exhibited high heritability along with high to moderate genetic advance, indicating the predominant role of additive gene action. Mahalanobis D2 analysis revealed three multi-genotypic and four mono-genotypic clusters of the cultivars. The cultivars' average polyunsaturated fatty acids were 37.9% oleic acid, 39.22% linoleic acid and 0.5% linolenic acid. The fatty acid profile of Local Joha was superior to the other cultivars as it showed a high level of linoleic and linolenic acid and low saturated fatty acid content. Kon Joha 4 and Ronga Joha contained the highest iron (82.88 mg kg− 1) and zinc (47.39 mg kg− 1), respectively, while protein content of Kon Joha-1 and amylose content of Harinarayan were the highest. Joha-Bihpuria showed the highest gel consistency of 140.50 mm. Kalijeera, Kunkuni Joha, Kon Joha-5, Manimuni Joha and Kon Joha-2 accorded a strong aroma. PCR amplified 174 alleles with a mean value of 2.64 across the 66 polymorphic SSR markers. PIC values ranged from 0.091 to 0.698, with an average of 0.326. The highly informative (PIC > 0.50) markers were RM316, RM283, RM585, RM1388, RM3562, RM171, R1M30, RM118, RM11and RM29 for identification of the twenty aromatic rice cultivars. The UNJ clustering based on Jaccard's coefficients classified the 20 cultivars into three distinct clusters with eight, ten and two entries.

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Incidence and Characterization of Rice Root Nematodes, Hirschmanniella mucronata, from Rice Fields in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand

Trends in Sciences ◽

10.48048/tis.2021.486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Natthidech Beesa ◽

Anongnuch Sasnarukkit ◽

Kansiree Jindapunnapat ◽

Buncha Chinnasri ◽

Thanunchanok Chairin

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Rice Root ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Control And Management

The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella oryzae and H. mucronata, are serious and widespread threats to global rice production, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Reliable and efficient identification of these nematodes is vital to nematode control and management. In this current study, 36 soil or rice root samples were collected from rice fields located in Pathum Thani province and used for nematode extraction. The results demonstrated that Hirschmanniella sp. was found in all paddy fields, especially in Muang District, where RD47 rice cultivars were grown at soil pH of 5.9. Molecular identification based on the analysis of 28S rRNA and 18S-ITS1-1.58S genes revealed 98 – 99 % similarity to H. mucronata, and its phylogenetic trees were grouped with H. mucronata from Cambodia and Philippines. Likewise, the morphometric characterization revealed remarkable features of H. mucronata with long body (1,639 - 2,329 µm), long stylet (24 - 27 µm) and an obvious mucron at the end of terminus. Therefore, the main rice root nematode species found in Pathum Thani’s rice fields were H. mucronata. HIGHLIGHTS The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella, are presented the predominant plant-parasitic nematodes in rice cultivated areas of Pathum Thani province, Thailand Population densities of Hirschmanniella are encountered in rice roots than in soil, especially in RD47 rice cultivars grown in Muang District Both of morphological and molecular characterization illustrating the species of rice root nematodes were mucronate This is a first description on the molecular characterization of mucronata from rice fields in Thailand GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Indigenous Aromatic Rice of Assam

10.21203/rs.3.rs-455040/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dibosh Bordoloi ◽

Debojit Sarma ◽

Nagendra Sarma Barua ◽

Bikram Kishore Das

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Yield Enhancement ◽

Aromatic Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars

Abstract We carried out the morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of twenty cultivars of the least studied Joha (aromatic) rice indigenous to Assam. Unweighted Neighbour Joining (UNJ) clustering based on usual Euclidean distances for thirty-seven polymorphic morphological markers grouped the cultivars into three clusters with eight, eleven, and one genotype. The Joha rice cultivars showed highly significant differences for all the quantitative traits except for panicle length. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability (GCV & PCV) were high for grain yield ha-1 (24.62 & 24.85%) and filled grains panicle-1 (23.69 & 25.02%). All the traits except days to flowering and maturity, flag leaf breadth, and spikelet fertility exhibited high heritability along with high to moderate genetic advance, indicating the predominant role of additive gene action. Mahalanobis D2 analysis revealed three multi-genotypic and four mono-genotypic clusters of the cultivars. The cultivars' average polyunsaturated fatty acids were 37.9% oleic acid, 39.22% linoleic acid, and 0.5% linolenic acid. The fatty acid profile of Local Joha was superior to the other cultivars as it showed a high level of linoleic and linolenic acid and low saturated fatty acid content. Kon Joha 4 and Ronga Joha contained the highest iron (82.88 mg kg-1) and zinc (47.39 mg kg-1), respectively, while protein content of Kon Joha-1 and amylose content of Harinarayan were the highest. Joha (Bihpuria) showed the highest gel consistency of 140.50 mm. Kalijeera, Kunkuni Joha, Kon Joha-5, Manimuni Joha and Kon Joha-2 accorded a strong aroma. PCR amplified 174 alleles with a mean value of 2.64 across the 66 polymorphic SSR markers. PIC values ranged from 0.091 to 0.698, with an average of 0.326. The highly informative (PIC>0.50) markers were RM316, RM283, RM585, RM1388, RM3562, RM171, R1M30, RM118, RM11and RM29 for identification of the twenty aromatic rice cultivars. The UNJ clustering based on Jaccard's coefficients classified the cultivars into three distinct clusters with eight, ten, and two genotypes. Our study revealed the nutritional richness of these specialty Joha rice cultivars and sufficient scope for yield enhancement through their interbreeding to keep quality intact.

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