scholarly journals A comparative study of faecal sludge management in Malawi and Zambia: Status, challenges and opportunities in pit latrine emptying

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holm Rochelle ◽  
Madalitso Tembo James ◽  
Thole Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Faecal Sludge

scholarly journals Potential Use of Biochar in Pit Latrines as a Faecal Sludge Management Strategy to Reduce Water Resource Contaminations: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11772
Author(s):  
Matthew Mamera ◽  
Johan J. van Tol ◽  
Makhosazana P. Aghoghovwia ◽  
Alfredo B. J. C. Nhantumbo ◽  
Lydia M. Chabala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Faecal Sludge ◽  
Potential Use

Faecal sludge management (FSM) in most developing countries is still insufficient. Sanitation challenges within the sub-Saharan region have led to recurring epidemics of water- and sanitation-related diseases. The use of pit latrines has been recognised as an option for on-site sanitation purposes. However, there is also concern that pit latrine leachates may cause harm to human and ecological health. Integrated approaches for improved access to water and sanitation through proper faecal sludge management are needed to address these issues. Biochar a carbon-rich adsorbent produced from any organic biomass when integrated with soil can potentially reduce contamination. The incorporation of biochar in FSM studies has numerous benefits in the control of prospective contaminants (i.e., heavy metals and inorganic and organic pollutants). This review paper evaluated the potential use of biochar in FSM. It was shown from the reviewed articles that biochar is a viable option for faecal sludge management because of its ability to bind contaminants. Challenges and possible sustainable ways to incorporate biochar in pit latrine sludge management were also illustrated. Biochar use as a low-cost adsorbent in wastewater contaminant mitigation can improve the quality of water resources. Biochar-amended sludge can also be repurposed as a useful economical by-product.

scholarly journals Community Faecal Management Strategies and Perceptions on Sludge Use in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Mamera ◽  
Johan J. van Tol ◽  
Makhosazana P. Aghoghovwia ◽  
Gabriel T. Mapetere
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Most people in rural areas in South Africa (SA) rely on untreated drinking groundwater sources and pit latrine sanitations. A minimum basic sanitation facility should enable safe and appropriate removal of human waste, and although pit latrines provide this, they are still contamination concerns. Pit latrine sludge in SA is mostly emptied and disposed off-site as waste or buried in-situ. Despite having knowledge of potential sludge benefits, most communities in SA are reluctant to use it. This research captured social perceptions regarding latrine sludge management in Monontsha village in the Free State Province of SA through key informant interviews and questionnaires. A key informant interview and questionnaire was done in Monontsha, SA. Eighty participants, representing 5% of all households, were selected. Water samples from four boreholes and four rivers were analyzed for faecal coliforms and E.coli bacteria. On average, five people in a household were sharing a pit latrine. Eighty-three percent disposed filled pit latrines while 17% resorted to closing the filled latrines. Outbreaks of diarrhoea (69%) and cholera (14%) were common. Sixty percent were willing to use treated faecal sludge in agriculture. The binary logistic regression model indicated that predictor variables significantly (p ˂ 0.05) described water quality, faecal sludge management, sludge application in agriculture and biochar adaption. Most drinking water sources in the study had detections ˂ 1 CFU/100 mL. It is therefore imperative to use both qualitative surveys and analytical data. Awareness can go a long way to motivate individuals to adopt to a new change.

The Challenges and Opportunities of E-Commerce Data Collection in Indonesia Compared to BRICS Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basorudin ◽  
Khalilur Rahman ◽  
Nadra Yudelsa Ratu ◽  
Easbi Ikhsan ◽  
Wida Siddhikara Perwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Maturity Assessment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The development of e-commerce business in Indonesia is very rapid. The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia will make Indonesia the largest digital economy in Southeast Asia in 2020. However, there are several obstacles, one of which is the provision of a trusted e-commerce database. Data has an important element in development in developing an e-commerce business in Indonesia. As the National Statistics Organizations, BPS Statistics Indonesia was pushed to collect the e-commerce data. BPS has developed several methods of collection e-commerce data using e-commerce survey and crawling technique in 2018 but still has a weakness. As a comparative study, there are several countries of G-20 that have high development in e-commerce and associate themselves as BRICS countries. With SWOT Analysis and Maturity Assessment, this study wants to analyze strength, weakness, opportunity, and thread, also measure the maturity from each method of collection used. Based on the result, Indonesia has better maturity in technology implemented, but worse regulation and people cooperation.

scholarly journals Adopting English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Brazil and Flanders (Belgium): a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-146
Author(s):  
Felipe Furtado Guimarães ◽  
Marcelo Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Teaching Learning

The objective of this study is to discuss the adoption of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in the Brazilian and Flemish contexts, considering the influence of globalization and internationalization on the languages in higher education. To reach this goal, a bibliographic research was carried out, in order to analyze documents related to language teaching/learning, including books, journals, government documents, official websites and reports from international organizations. Information collected comprised the data retrieved in Brazil and in Flanders, in order to generate discussions around challenges and opportunities for adopting EMI in these contexts. The study concludes that some actions are necessary for overcoming some challenges identified, such as the creation of local support units (for languages) at universities, for the preparation and implementation of EMI courses.  

scholarly journals Pit latrine faecal sludge solid waste quantification and characterization to inform the design of treatment facilities in peri-urban areas: A case study of Kanyama

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalitso Tembo James ◽  
Matanda Richard ◽  
Nzali Banda Ian ◽  
Mwanaumo Erastus ◽  
Nyirenda Edwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Faecal Sludge
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