Health and nutritional quality assessment of salmonella-contaminated poultry products in sub-Saharan Africa; A case of cote divoire

Toddlers malnutrition is a health problem in developing countries like those found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Owing to prevalence of poverty, families are generally not able to afford the commercial complementary foods available in the market stalls, since such complementary foods are imported and made from non-local foodstuffs. In order to overcome these issues, FAO/WHO recommends the use of local foodstuffs in formulation of complementary foods and defines the virtues that the complementary foods should possess. In this light, researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa have proposed several formulations of complementary foods. The present work reviews these research findings on complementary foods available in the Sub-Saharan Africa utilizing the local food materials, the treatment that is required to be meted to such food ingredients, nutritional quality of formulated complementary foods and ultimately their biological effects. The limitations of the research work, if any, has been highlighted and the means to take such research forward that would be helpful in the production and commercialization of cost-effective complementary foods possessing requisite nutritional quality and biological effects as per dietary norms laid down by competent authorities.

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P5712Research Network in Africa (RNA): quality assessment of antihypertensive generic drugs in 10 African countries

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

D Macquart De Terline ◽

P Zabsonre ◽

D Balde ◽

S Ikama ◽

R N Guetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Generic Drugs ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact ◽

Percentage Ratio

Abstract Introduction Hypertension results in more deaths than any other risk factor and has been on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past few decades. Generic drugs have helped improve accessibility and affordability of antihypertensive therapy in developing countries. However, assessment of quality standards of these products is important. Purpose We performed a quality assessment of five commonly used antihypertensive generic drugs in ten Sub-Saharan African countries and studied the impact of price on quality. Methods Drug samples were prospectively collected using standardized methods between 2012 and 2014. We developed a validated reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to accurately quantify the active ingredient in a certified public laboratory. Quality was defined based on the percentage ratio of measured to expected dosage of active ingredient. Results A total of 1185 samples were assessed, of which 70.0% were generic (n=830). Among the generic drugs, the percentage of poor quality drugs was 24.3% (n=202/830). The percentage ratio of measured to expected dosage of active ingredient ranged from 49.2% to 111.3%; the majority (81.7%) of the poor quality samples had insufficient quantity of the active ingredient. Moreover, poor quality was not associated with purchase price of the drug. Conclusion In this study from ten Sub-Saharan African countries, nearly one-quarter of the available generic antihypertensive drugs were found to be of poor quality. Concerted measures to improve the quality of antihypertensive drugs could lead to major improvements in hypertension control with attendant reduction of its deleterious consequences in low and middle income countries. Figure 1. Percentage of poor quality in generic antihypertensive drugs according to the country of purchase. Acknowledgement/Funding Grant AAP-2014-042, ANSM (Agence Nationale Sécurité du Médicament

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Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) Production, Utilisation and Genetic Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1345

Author(s):

Nomathemba Gloria Majola ◽

Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽

Hussein Shimelis

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Market Access ◽

Crop Management ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

High Yield ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

Sub Saharan

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) is a nutritionally rich grain legume crop indigenous to Africa. It is tolerant to drought stress and has become adapted to grow under low input and marginal agricultural production systems in Africa and Asia. Bambara groundnut is an orphan crop, and represents a neglected and under researched plant genetic resource. Modern crop management, production technologies, and value chains are yet to be developed in Africa to achieve the potential economic gains from Bambara groundnut production and marketing. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the production and productivity of Bambara groundnut is low and stagnant because of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses and socio-economic constraints. Improved crop management and post handling technologies, modern varieties with high yield and nutritional quality, value addition, and market access are among the key considerations in current and future Bambara groundnut research and development programs. This paper presents progress on Bambara groundnut production, utilization, and genetic improvement in SSA. It presents the key production constraints, genetic resources and analysis, breeding methods and genetic gains on yield, and nutritional quality and outlook. The information presented will guide the sustainable production and effective breeding of the crop in order to pursue food and nutrition security, and improve livelihoods through Bambara groundnut enterprises.

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From Jomtien to Dakar: A quality assessment of Malawian Education for All policy, 1990-2010

10.35542/osf.io/y5xfk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Ruff

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Primary Education ◽

Educational System ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Education For All ◽

System Quality ◽

Social Barriers ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Negative Impacts

The Jomtien World Conference and the Dakar World Education Forum declared Education for All (EFA) as a primary policy goal of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi, a participant of both Jomtien and Dakar, first achieved EFA through its Free Primary Education policy of 1994. However, this early effort resulted in a number of unintended consequences typical of EFA, including negative impacts on educational system quality. In this paper, a quality assessment framework is used to evaluate whether Malawian EFA policies were designed with the necessary support for an effective universal primary educational system as defined by planning, social barriers, budgetary limitations, and educational quality. Two policy phases were evaluated, each a ten year period following Jomtien (1990-2000) and Dakar (2000-2010). Results indicate that EFA polices in the Jomtien phase often failed to consider social and structural considerations necessary to improve the educational experience, which belied a quantitative achievement of universal primary education. While policies in the Dakar phase addressed many of the quality deficiencies of the previous era, lingering issues such as enrollment and retention remained.

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Epidemiology of multimorbidity among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036988 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e036988

Author(s):

Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji ◽

Armstrong Dzomba ◽

Olatunji Adetokunboh ◽

Lindiwe Zungu ◽

Sanni Yaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Current Status ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Forest Plot ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Living With Hiv

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa remains the epicentre of the HIV pandemic, yet enormous knowledge gaps still exist to elicit a comprehensive portrait of multimorbidity and HIV linkage. This study aims to conduct a systematic meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature to investigate the current status of multimorbidity epidemiology among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisOur review will assess observational studies (ie, cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) on multimorbidity associated with HIV/AIDS between 1 January 2005 and 31 October 2020 from sub-Saharan Africa. Databases to be searched include PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, African Index Medicus and African Journals Online. We will also search the WHO clinical trial registry and databases for systematic reviews. The search strategy will involve the use of medical subject headings and key terms to obtain studies on the phenomena of HIV and multimorbidity at high precision. Quality assessment of eligible studies will be ascertained using a validated quality assessment tool for observational studies and risk of bias through sensitivity analysis to identify publication bias. Further, data on characteristics of the study population, multimorbid conditions, epidemiological rates and spatial distribution of multimorbid conditions in PLHIV will be extracted. Heterogeneity of individual studies will be evaluated using the I2 statistic from combined effect size estimates. The statistical analysis will be performed using STATA statistical software V.15 and results will be graphically represented on a forest plot.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable in this study as it is a systematic review of published literature. The review findings may also be presented at conferences or before other relevant stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020148668.

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The costs of consumption smoothing: less schooling and less nutrition

Journal of Demographic Economics ◽

10.1017/dem.2019.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 181-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leandro De Magalhães ◽

Dongya Koh ◽

Räul Santaeulàlia-Llopis

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Old Age ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

The Elderly ◽

Consumption Smoothing ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Staple Food ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractUsing novel microdata, we explore lifecycle consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that households' ability to smooth consumption over the lifecycle is large, particularly, in rural areas. Consumption in old age is sustained by shifting to self-farmed staple food, as opposed to traditional savings mechanisms or food gifts. This smoothing strategy indicates two important costs. The first cost is a loss of human capital as children seem to be diverted away from school and into producing self-farmed food. Second, a diet largely concentrated in staple food (e.g., maize in Malawi) in old age results in a loss of nutritional quality for households headed by the elderly.

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The First Ever External Quality Assessment Program on Urinary Sediment in a Country of Sub-Saharan Africa Based on New Smartphone Technologies

Clinical Laboratory ◽

10.7754/clin.lab.2020.191106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (07/2020) ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Fogazzi ◽

Sofia Zaera ◽

Joseph Endayake ◽

Giuseppe Garigali ◽

Baba Salifou

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

External Quality Assessment ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

External Quality ◽

Urinary Sediment ◽

Assessment Program ◽

Sub Saharan

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Micronutrient deficiencies in African soils and the human nutritional nexus: opportunities with staple crops

Environmental Geochemistry and Health ◽

10.1007/s10653-019-00499-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 3015-3033 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Kihara ◽

P. Bolo ◽

M. Kinyua ◽

J. Rurinda ◽

K. Piikki

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Crop Species ◽

The Status ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Agronomic Biofortification

AbstractA synthesis of available agronomic datasets and peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted to: (1) assess the status of micronutrients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) arable soils, (2) improve the understanding of the relations between soil quality/management and crop nutritional quality and (3) evaluate the potential profitability of application of secondary and micronutrients to key food crops in SSA, namely maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus spp. and Vicia faba L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). We found that there is evidence of widespread but varying micronutrient deficiencies in SSA arable soils and that simultaneous deficiencies of multiple elements (co-occurrence) are prevalent. Zinc (Zn) predominates the list of micronutrients that are deficient in SSA arable soils. Boron (B), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu) deficiencies are also common. Micronutrient fertilization/agronomic biofortification increases micronutrient concentrations in edible plant organs, and it was profitable to apply fertilizers containing micronutrient elements in 60–80% of the cases. However, both the plant nutritional quality and profit had large variations. Possible causes of this variation may be differences in crop species and cultivars, fertilizer type and application methods, climate and initial soil conditions, and soil chemistry effects on nutrient availability for crop uptake. Therefore, micronutrient use efficiency can be improved by adapting the rates and types of fertilizers to site-specific soil and management conditions. To make region-wide nutritional changes using agronomic biofortification, major policy interventions are needed.

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