scholarly journals Estudo anatômico do xilema secundário de Ephedra tweediana C. A. Meyer

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori ◽  
Graciela I. Bolzon de Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Perforation Plates

The anatomical features of the secondary xylem of Ephedra tweediana C.A. Meyer are described. They are also furnished photomicrographs as well as quantitative data of its structure. The wood anatomy fits with the described in the literature to other species of the same genus. In the wood of Ephedra tweediana they are found real vessels and very tall rays, up to 8 cells wide. These features are common in the Angiosperm Dicotyledons but absent in the Gymnosperms, with the exception ofthe Chlamydospermae or Gnetales. Ephedra separates itself in this group by the presence of foraminate or "ephedroid" perforation plates. In the xylem anatomy of this south brazilian species, they must be also emphasized the presence of very short tracheids, provided with uniseriate bordered pits and the peculiar "stepped outline" of annual rings.

WOOD ANATOMY OF MYRCIARIA, NEOMITRANTHES, PLINIA AND SIPHONEUGENA SPECIES (MYRTEAE, MYRTACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel U.C.A. Santos ◽  
Cátia H. Callado ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Souza ◽  
Cecilia G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fruit Characters

Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia and Siphoneugena are closely related genera whose circumscriptions are controversial. The distinctions between Myrciaria vs. Plinia, and Neomitranthes vs. Siphoneugena, have been based on a few fruit characters. The wood anatomy of 24 species of these genera was examined to determine if wood anatomical features could help delimit the genera. It was determined the four genera cannot reliably be separated by wood anatomy alone. Characteristics seen in all four genera are: growth rings usually poorly-defined; diffuse porous; exclusively solitary vessels, usually circular to oval in outline; simple perforation plates; vessel-ray pits alternate and distinctly bordered; fibers with distinctly bordered pits in radial and tangential walls, usually very thickwalled; vasicentric tracheids typically absent; scanty paratracheal parenchyma, sometimes unilateral, and diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates; chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma in many species, usually both prismatic and smaller crystals; rays 1–4-seriate, uniseriate rays composed of upright/square cells, multiseriate rays with procumbent body cells and 1 to many marginal rows of upright/square cells; disjunctive ray parenchyma cells usually present.

scholarly journals Estudo anatômico da madeira de Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link (Apocynaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Graciela Inés Bolzón Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Perforation Plates

The anatomical structure of the wood of Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link is described, based in one specimen collected in the Argentinian Province of Santiago del Estero. Quantitative data and photomicrographs of certain wood features are presented. The most importante anatomical features of the wood are the diffuse porosity, small to medium solitary pores, simple perforation plates, small and vestured intervascular bordered pits, heterogeneous rays, apotracheal axial parenchyma, fibretracheids, and rhomboid chrystals in chambered cells of rays and axial parenchyma.

Wood Anatomy of the Bignoniaceae, with a Comparison of Trees and Lianas

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gasson ◽  
David R. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings ◽  
Anomalous Growth

The secondary xylem anatomy of trees and lianas was compared in the family Bignoniaceae. General descriptions of the family and the six woody tribes are provided. Lianas belong to the tribes Bignonieae, Tecomeae and Schlegelieae, and most have ve.ssels of two distinct diameters, many vessels per unit area, large intervascular pits, septate fibres, large heterocellular rays often of two distinct sizes, scanty paratracheal and vasicentric axial parenchyma and anomalous growth. Conversely, trees, which belong to the tribes Coleeae, Crescentieae, Oroxyleae and Tecomeae generally have narrower vessels in one diameter class, fewer vessels per unit area, smaller intervascular pits, non-septate fibres, small homocellular rays, scanty paratracheal, aliform or confluent parenchyma, and none exhibits anomalous growth. The majority of both trees and Hanas possess growth rings, are diffuse-porous, have non-solitary vessels which lack helical thickenings, and few have apotracheal parenchyma or storied structure. All species have alternate intervascular pitting and simple perforation plates.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira e casca de Acacia tucumanensis Gris.

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Bark Structure

The wood and bark anatomy of Acacia tucumanensis Gris. is described. Quantitative data from 33 different features of the secondary xylem are furnished, as well as photomicrographs and drawings of its structure. The presence of libriform fibres, simple perforation plates, paratracheal parenchyma and homogeneous rays, are important characteristics of the wood anatomy. The presence of septa in fibres and of rays with 3-4 cells wide, indicate the position of the species in the sub-genus Aculeiferum VassaI (= series Vulgares Benth.). Phloematic fibres in tangential bands, with 3-5 cells wide, and the irregular course of rays in the late bark, are the most conspicuous features of the bark structure. Photomicrographs of bark are also furnished.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Brazilian Cereeae (subfamily Cactoideae, Cactaceae): Arrojadoa Britton & Rose, Stephanocereus A. Berger and Brasilicereus Backeberg

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Soffiatti ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
Perforation Plates

(Anatomy of Brazilian Cereeae (subfamily Cactoideae, Cactaceae): Arrojadoa Britton & Rose, Stephanocereus A. Berger wâBrasilicereus Backeberg). Arrojadoa, Stephanocereus and Brasilicereus are endemic Brazilian Cereeae, occurring along the Espinhaço Range, in the campos rupestres, cerrados and caatingas, from northern Minas Gerais to southern Bahia. The genera are columnar, erect to semi-erect cacti, except for one species, A bahiensis, which is globose. This study describes the anatomy of dermal, fundamental and vascular systems, aiming to find diagnostic characters for the genera and species. Basal portions of stems were sectioned transversely and longitudinally, and stained with Astrablue and Safranin. The species share a uniseriate epidermis, with thick cuticle; well developed collenchymatic hypodermis, containing prismatic crystals; cortex with numerous mucilage cells, druses and vascular bundles; outside cortex as a palisade parenchyma; periderm composed of lignified cork cells alternating with suberized cells; pheloderm consisting of a few layers of thin-walled cells; phloem composed of solitary or multiple of two to three sieve tube elements, companion cells, axial and radial parenchyma; secondary xylem with solitary to multiple vessels, with simple perforation plates and alternate bordered to semi-bordered pits; axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric to incomplete; libriform septate fibres; large rays. Unlignified parenchyma is seen in the secondary xylem, varying from a few cells to bands among axial and radial elements. The following are considered diagnostic characters: the shape of lignified phellem cells, cubic to radially elongate, which individualizes S. leucostele; an underdeveloped hypodermis and the occurrence of sclereids in the cortex are exclusive to Brasilicereus markgrqfii.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

scholarly journals Wood functional anatomy of Chiococca alba Hitch. (Rubiaceae) from cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Ferreira de Melo Junior ◽  
Maick William Amorim ◽  
Gustavo Borda De Oliveira ◽  
Celso Voos Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Perforation Plates

The wood anatomy is able to evidence systematic and ecological aspects associated with the evolution and functionality of the secondary xylem. The present study was carried out using wood of Chiococca alba (Rubiaceae) from cerrado (savannah), to describe its anatomy and to verify if the hydraulic architecture of this species corroborates the theory that postulates the functional tendency that optimizes the transport efficiency associated with safety. The anatomical analysis followed the conventional protocols of wood anatomy. Different indexes of wood hydraulics quantification were calculated, such as solitary vessels index, vessel grouping, conductivity, vessel collapse, theoretical resistance to vessel implosion and mesomorphism. The structural characteristics described for C. alba are in agreement with the general anatomical descriptions for the Rubiaceae family that relate the presence of exclusively solitary vessels and small diameter, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, apotracheal parenchyma in species with non-septate fibers and narrow and heterogeneous rays. The calculated indexes showed that C. alba is a xerophyte species with great resistance to the collapse of the vessels during the transport of water, little vulnerability to embolism and relative efficiency in the transport when compared to other species of its subfamily (Cinchonoideae) in function of the typical low water availability of the savannah soil.

Wood Anatomy of Capparis Spinosa from an Ecological Perspective

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Psaras ◽  
I. Sofroniou
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Xylem Conduits

Root and stern wood of the Mediterranean summergreen Capparis spinosa L. was studied. Wood anatomical features favour high hydraulic conductivity, which is necessary for maintaining the high midday stomatal conductance and rates of photosynthesis observed in this plant. Xylem conduits of both stern and root consist of wide and short vessel elements with simple perforation plates. Vessel grouping in the stern secures xylem safety against cavitations. The plant would be highly vulnerable to cavitations due to freezing conditions, although these are rare during the Mediterranean winter. Thus, the anatomical features of the plant, which does not seem to suffer from water stress though growing entirely during the Mediterranean summer drought, are compatible with its adaptive strategy. The significant amount of minerals found in the root vessels, and the abundant starch grains of the wood might be involved in a possible osmotic shifting of water in the xylem.

Wood Anatomy of Four Californian Mistletoe Species (Phoradendron, Viscaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E.T.M. Ashworth ◽  
Gracielza Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Growth Features

Secondary xylem characteristics were compared in four species of Phoradendron Nutt. (Viscaceae) native to California. All have extremely short, thick-walled vessel elements with simple perforation plates. They also share high vessel density, radial vessel arrangement, thick-walled fibres, and multiseriate, heterocellular rays. The fibres show considerable intrusive growth. Features of the vessel elements (i.e. vessel dimensions, arrangement, type of wall sculpturing) and calcium oxalate crystals in the ray parenchyma cells are useful diagnostic traits to separate species. Grooved vessel walls are shared by the morphologically similar P. villosum and P. macrophyllum. Differences between these two species may reflect contrasting drought response strategies pursued by respective hosts. Vulnerability and mesomorphy ratios of the wood of P. californicum are higher than those of P. pauciflorum and P. macrophyllum. Phoradendron pauciflorum has the most xeromorphic wood of the four species studied.

ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE WOOD ANATOMY OF SOME BRAZILIAN SPECIES. 1. GROWTH RINGS AND VESSELS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenise Segala Alves ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy-Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Brazilian Flora ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings ◽  
Special Arrangement

Some ecological trends based on wood were established in woody florulas of several regions in Brazil. Growth rings and qualitative vessel features were analysed in trees belonging to the 22 most representative families of the Brazilian flora, including 133 genera, 491 species and 686 specimens. Some ecological trends were statistically proven by Pearsonʼs Standardised Residues. The presence of growth rings was associated with seasonal environments. Vessels tended to show special arrangement patterns at higher latitudes and in environments affected by thermal seasonality. Vessels in multiples were more common in environments that were seasonal for temperature and humidity. Although not statistically significant, there is a trend for multiple perforation plates and helical thickenings to be most common in higher latitudes and colder environments. Overall, the results for Brazilian species are compatible with trends established by other authors for other floras and /or taxa.

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