Technology Transfer: Bridging academic research and society – a communicative approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vad Bennetzen ◽  
Lars Stig Møller

To make basic research transcend the walls of a university for the benefit of the society, technology transfer processes such as patenting, market analysis, and economic assessment are essential. Therefore small dedicated units, called technology transfer offices, have emerged during the last four decades. The emergence is a manifestation of a general political intention to make basic research have direct impact on society – to focus on application and publication, and not just the latter. The process is, however, not straightforward and different universities have different way of doing it. University of Southern Denmark has recently implemented a highly extrovert and progressive science-based communicative strategy providing an adequate framework for a “grass-roots moving” among researchers. By working on four frontlines we aim to ensure high degree of transparency in the technology transfer activities, to demythologize pseudo-idealistic and inadequate perceptions on the role of e.g. patents, to scout early-stage business opportunities, to map the competence landscape of the university and to ensure a three-faceted political alignment. We here present what we would call the SDU-model of doing technology transfer anno 2012. Despite the short timeline in which it has been implemented we already harvest the early fruits of the model, which encourage us hereby to present the model, its underlying strategy, its rationale and its perspectives. We believe that the model are unique with respect to the holistic four-frontline focus, addresses some of the major challenges of academic technology transfer and we are confident that universities worldwide could benefit from it or a context-dependent modified versions hereof.

Author(s):  
Wei Yao ◽  
Mosi Weng ◽  
Tiange Ye

Based on Burton Clark's five pathways of university entrepreneurial transformation, this chapter aims to demonstrate Zhejiang University's vivid transformation from a research university into an entrepreneurial university. This chapter will consider ZJU's most representative organizational reforms including personnel system, academic governance system, and technology transfer system reforms and further illustrate the logic behind these reforms. First, it will assess the integration of entrepreneurial abilities with academic research abilities, focusing on how to stimulate academic productivity and how to connect academic production and technology transfer. Second, it will look at the integration of basic research and application research, and how the research loop is made possible. Last, the integration of research and talent cultivation will be assessed, translating “research advantage” into “teaching advantage.” It is essential that the university possesses “good governance” to promote entrepreneurial transformation which makes the most of organizational and institutional reforms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Etzkowitz

This article analyzes the evolution of the entrepreneurial university from a narrow focus on capturing the commercializable results of the ‘meandering stream of basic research’ to a broader interest in firm formation and regional economic development. No longer limited to schools like MIT, specialized for that purpose, entrepreneurial aspirations have spread to the academic mainstream. Academic involvement in (1) technology transfer, (2) firm formation and (3) regional development signifies the transition from a research to an entrepreneurial university as the academic ideal. As universities become entrepreneurial, tension arises between this new role and that of teaching and research as it has between research and teaching. Nevertheless, the university coheres as each of these new missions has fed back into and enhanced previous tasks.


1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Mark Drummond ◽  
Ann Macintosh ◽  
Austin Tate ◽  
Dave Barlow ◽  
Mark Greenwood

The University of Edinburgh established the Artificial Institute (AIAI) in 1984 with the objective of transferring the technologies of artificial intelligence from the academic research environment to the practical worlds of commerce, government and industry.


2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Price ◽  
Richard Huston ◽  
Arlen D Meyers

US university-based technology transfer has grown exponentially since the passage of the Bayh–Dole Act in 1980. As a result, invention disclosures and technology commercialisation initiatives have significantly increased, creating the need for a standardised, qualitative method of screening proposals that might have commercial potential. Successful academic bioscience technology commercialisation is difficult at best because of early stage bioscience inventions, faulty concepts, long lead times, high risk technologies, and working with physicians and medical researchers who frequently have little or no interest in the commercialisation process. We describe an easy-to-use, standardised, web-based technology assessment instrument that was used to better evaluate bioscience invention disclosures at the University of Kansas School of Medicine Technology Transfer Office. After implementing the new system and eliminating backlogged invention disclosures, staff reported that they migrated from very qualitative discussions taking many months to more quantitative, fact-based evaluations and discussions focusing on commercial value. Consequently, they reported making quicker and improved Go-No-go decisions investing further resources in only those technologies with the highest potential for commercialisation. In addition, they improved inventor satisfaction and strengthened their relationships with physicians, inventors, and researchers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Khademi ◽  
Kamariah Ismail ◽  
Chew Tin Lee ◽  
Arezou Shafaghat

The aim of this study was to improve the commercialization level in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). For achieving this goal various factors and issues were examined to identify how they affect the procedure of university commercialization. These factors include the role of technology transfer office /center, availability of finance, availability of potential licensee and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) among the university researchers. Among these four factors, this study focused more on EO among academic researchers and its effect on the commercialization rate. This study was based on a qualitative research method and was designed to use a case study approach. For investigating the factors and issues in this study, a total of ten face-to-face interviews were conducted. The respondents were chosen from inventors, researchers, academic entrepreneurs, and Technology Transfer Office staff in UTM. The researcher utilized the content-analysis approach to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews of the respondents. The results indicated that EO among the university researchers, the role of technology transfer office /center, the availability of potential licensee and availability of finance were significant to the research output commercialization at university. Overall, the most critical factor was availability of finance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Gustavo Da Cruz ◽  
Nathália Vieira dos Santos Bezerra ◽  
João Vitor Da Conceição Mendes

The entrepreneurship can collaborate to the economy and solve environmental problems by contributing to achieve the university third mission through the incubators process as the majority of technology transfer mechanisms. However, Brazilian universities incubators are less developed than the ones from United States and Europe. Therefore, this paper aims to explore Brazilian universities incubators from an activities and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) perspective. As a result, we identified 122 incubators that are from public universities, in their majority and work mainly in social entrepreneurship and base-technology sectors. Universities installed in cities with a high GDP have a restricted number of activities compared to other economic classes, as well as in lower class there are an interesting number of incubators focused on promoting and creating jobs and income generation, corroborating the role of the universities third mission. Incubators are still in consolidation in Brazil, which reflects the early stage of innovation in universities and industries. Recent studies are recommended in the area of incubator management and effectiveness of technology transfer.


2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Steven W. Collins

According to a large body of research, academic R&D has an important inductive effect on industrial innovation. However, the extent to which the returns to university-induced innovation are captured locally remains poorly understood. This paper introduces and assesses technology transfer at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, in the context of the problems associated with appropriating the benefits of academic R&D for the regional economy. The large and growing number of university-related start-up companies in the region and the clustering of firms near the university are among the indicators of success. Areas of concern are also discussed. The paper concludes by suggesting lessons for regional planners and technology transfer managers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Muhamadi Kaweesi

The production of knowledge that is diverse in nature has gained importance in research-led universities. However, the nature of scientific knowledge and researchers’ motives of producing such knowledge across disciplinary fields in research-led Sub-Saharan African universities are not yet known. This study set out to access the voices of lead researchers regarding the nature and motive of academic research in Uganda’s research-led flagship institution-Makerere University. Findings showed that despite the pervasiveness of theoretical/basic research across disciplinary fields, other research orientations are evident as well. Although emphasis is placed on publishing in top-ranked journals, there is production of commercially-biased, policy-relevant and community-oriented research. Due to research funding constraints, the donor-driven research orientation has also become popular. We therefore conclude that although majority of lead researchers engage in basic research, the nature of academic research is varied and lead researchers’ motives of engaging in research are diverse. Because of the dominance basic and donor-driven research, we recommend that there is need to rethink the University promotional assessment model, diversify research funding sources, and selectively collaborate with the donors.   Key words: Knowledge production, research-led university, research orientation      


Author(s):  
C. Tyler Dick ◽  
Jeremiah R. Dirnberger

The Class 1 railroads in North America have made substantial investments in mainline and intermodal terminal capacity during the past two decades to meet growing traffic demand. Investments to increase hump classification yard capacity have been less frequent, with a handful of yard projects in the late 1990s and the last major round of new hump yards constructed in the late 1970s. At this time of large investment in yards, much basic research was conducted on hump yard design and performance, while more recent studies have looked at applying lean process improvement and block optimization to hump yards. Due to the complexity of the problem, these studies tend to focus on one aspect of the terminal capacity question at a time, leaving the industry without a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental interrelationships between all aspects of hump yard performance in terms of volume, utilization and reliability. Without such an understanding, the industry cannot make fully informed decisions regarding the hump yard capacity investments that are now the subject of renewed interest due to the combination of carload market shifts, traffic growth facilitated by mainline capacity investment, and aging congested yard infrastructure. To address this need, CSX Transportation developed its Hump Yard Simulation System (HYSS). HYSS considers the operations, process and infrastructure parameters of a hump yard, and their interactions, in a single simulation to evaluate terminal performance. In the HYSS graphical environment, users can evaluate any combination of changes to terminal operating plans, yard processes and infrastructure layout. While developed to address specific business needs, as a simulation tool, HYSS has the potential to investigate the fundamental relationships governing hump yard operations in a manner not possible before. To realize this potential, CSX is partnering with the Rail Transportation and Engineering Center (RailTEC) at the University of Illinois to deploy HYSS in an academic research environment. Design of experiments techniques will be used to conduct a series of HYSS simulations to quantify the interaction between hump yard throughput, number of blocks and the delivered level of service at the terminal, and the sensitivity of this relationship to other operational and infrastructure variables. This paper will introduce HYSS as a research tool, examine how its various outputs are used to quantify terminal performance, and describe the planned research program aimed at advancing the science of hump yard design and operations.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fraser

Since the 1980 passage of the US Bayh–Dole Act, academic technology transfer has gained profile globally as a key component of knowledge-driven economic development. Research universities are seen as key contributors. In this article, focusing on the USA and drawing on over twenty years of experience in the field of academic technology transfer in the USA and Canada, John Fraser, a former President of AUTM, the global association of academic technology transfer professionals, uses recently published statistics as a springboard for his perspective on the increasing economic and social importance of the commercialization of discoveries and innovations emanating from academic research. He looks in particular at trends in the means by which transfer is achieved and the search for new and more accurate ways of measuring its effectiveness and impact as well as the ‘success’ of university technology licensing offices.


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