Cannabis-Derived Pharmaceuticals

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford S Mintz ◽  
Evan Nison ◽  
AJ Fabrizio
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Us States ◽  
Clinical Indications ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, weed or pot, is a natural product derived from the Cannabis sativa plant. It has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Recent legislation allowing the use of medical marijuana in over 23 US states has spurred interest in developing pharmaceutical-derived Cannabis products to treat a variety of clinical indications ranging from pain relief to epilepsy.  Many products are in late stage clinical development in the US and elsewhere.  This article reviews the medicinal properties of Cannabis and describes pharmaceutical-derived Cannabis products that are currently being developed for theUS market. 

Convergent Total Synthesis of Principinol D, a Rearranged Kaurane Diterpenoid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Newhouse ◽  
Aneta Turlik ◽  
Yifeng Chen ◽  
Anthony Scruse
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Ketone Reduction ◽  
Coupling Approach

<div> <p>The total synthesis of principinol D, a rearranged kaurane diterpenoid, is reported. This grayanane natural product is constructed via a convergent fragment coupling approach, wherein the central 7-membered ring is synthesized at a late stage. The bicyclo[3.2.1]octane fragment is accessed by a Ni-catalyzed α-vinylation reaction. Strategic reductions include a diastereoselective SmI<sub>2</sub>-mediated ketone reduction with PhSH and a new protocol for selective ester reduction in the presence of ketones. The convergent strategy reported herein may be an entry point to the larger class of kaurane diterpenoids.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Threshold effects of inequality on economic growth in the US states: the role of human capital to physical capital ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Çepni ◽  
Rangan Gupta ◽  
Zhihui Lv
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Us States ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Failure of Investigational Drugs in Late-Stage Clinical Development and Publication of Trial Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 (12) ◽  
pp. 1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hwang ◽  
Daniel Carpenter ◽  
Julie C. Lauffenburger ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Jessica M. Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Investigational Drugs

scholarly journals Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Henry Lowe ◽  
Blair Steele ◽  
Joseph Bryant ◽  
Ngeh Toyang ◽  
Wilfred Ngwa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Viruses

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many of these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. The plant is most popularly known for its two most-prominent and most-studied secondary metabolites—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC and CBD have a wide therapeutic window across many ailments and form part of a class of secondary metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid metabolites of Cannabis sativa that also have therapeutic potential, some of which share medicinal properties similar to those of cannabinoids. The most notable of these non-cannabinoid phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpenes. We will also discuss future directions in cannabis research and development of cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, a flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including the coronavirus OC43 (HCov-OC43) that is responsible for COVID-19, and certain cancers, is one of the most promising non-cannabinoid molecules that is being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands of years of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds on the medicinal benefits of the plant. These benefits are attributed to the many phytochemicals in this plant, including non-cannabinoids. The most promising non-cannabinoids with potential to alleviate global disease burdens are discussed.

scholarly journals EU FP7 research funding for an orphan drug (Orfadin®) and vaccine (Hep C) development: a success and a failure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schmidt ◽  
O. Sehic ◽  
C. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Market Authorisation ◽  
Risk Capital

Abstract Background We considered the extent of the contribution of publicly funded research to the late-stage clinical development of pharmaceuticals and medicinal products, based on the European Commission (EC) FP7 research funding programme. Using two EC FP7-HEALTH case study examples—representing two types of outcomes—we then estimated wider public and charitable research funding contributions. Methods Using the publicly available database of FP7-HEALTH funded projects, we identified awards relating to late-stage clinical development according to the systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, classified them according to product type and clinical indication, and calculated total EC funding amounts. We then identified two case studies representing extreme outcomes: failure to proceed with the product (hepatitis C vaccine) and successful market authorisation (Orfadin® for alkaptonuria). Total public and philanthropic research funding contributions to these products were then estimated using publicly available information on funding. Results 12.3% (120/977) of all EC FP7-HEALTH awards related to the funding of late-stage clinical research, totalling € 686,871,399. Pharmaceutical products and vaccines together accounted for 84% of these late-stage clinical development research awards and 70% of its funding. The hepatitis C vaccine received total European Community (FP7 and its predecessor, EC Framework VI) funding of €13,183,813; total public and charitable research funding for this product development was estimated at € 77,060,102. The industry sponsor does not consider further development of this product viable; this now represents public risk investment. FP7 funding for the late-stage development of Orfadin® for alkaptonuria was so important that the trials it funded formed the basis for market authorisation, but it is not clear whether the price of the treatment (over €20,000 per patient per year) adequately reflects the substantial public funding contribution. Conclusions Public and charitable research funding plays an essential role, not just in early stage basic research, but also in the late-stage clinical development of products prior to market authorisation. In addition, it provides risk capital for failed products. Within this context, we consider further discussions about a public return on investment and its reflection in pricing policies and decisions justified.

scholarly journals The unemployment structure of the US states

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 848-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Clemente ◽  
Luis Lanaspa ◽  
Antonio Montañés
Keyword(s):  
Us States ◽  
The Us

The Study of Executive Policy Making in the US States

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
Sharece Thrower
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Us States ◽  
The Us
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