scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision of Three-dimensional Imaging System of Children’s Facial Soft Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Kyunghwa Choi ◽  
Misun Kim ◽  
Koeun Lee ◽  
Okhyung Nam ◽  
Hyo-seol Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
3D Photogrammetry

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the three-dimensional (3D) imaging system of children’s facial soft tissue by comparing linear measurements. The subjects of the study were 15 children between the ages of 7 and 12. Twenty-three landmarks were pointed on the face of each subject and 16 linear measurements were directly obtained 2 times using an electronic caliper. Two sets of 3D facial images were made by the 3D scanner. The same 16 measurements were obtained on each 3D image. In the accuracy test, the total average difference was 0.9 mm. The precision of 3D photogrammetry was almost equivalent to that of direct measurement. Thus, 3D photogrammetry by the 3D scanner in children had sufficient accuracy and precision to be used in clinical setting. However, the 3D imaging system requires the subject’s compliance for exact images. If the clinicians provide specific instructions to children while obtaining 3D images, the 3D device is useful for investigating children’s facial growth and development. Also the device can be a valuable tool for evaluating the results of orthodontic and orthopedic treatments.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Soft Tissues in Hyperdivergent Skeletal Class II Females in Guangdong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Jianqing Deng ◽  
Zhaoxiang Wen ◽  
Zhengyuan Chen ◽  
Liyi Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii

Abstract Background: To establish the three-dimensional facial soft tissue morphology of adolescent and adult females in the Guangdong ethnic group and to study the morphological characteristics of hyperdivergent skeletal class Ⅱ females in Guangdong compared with the characteristics of normal groups.Materials and Methods: The 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11–14 years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18–30 years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.Results: The linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents. However, the angular and ratio measurements had little difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: The three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in height, width and depth, suggesting that from the adolescent to adult period, facial soft tissue grows in three dimensions. However, the facial convexity and proportional relationships were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms “long, convex, and narrow”, which was similar to the hard tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II seen in previous studies. Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Adeeba Ali ◽  
Anil K. Chandna ◽  
Anshul Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional imaging of hold baggage for airport security

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
S. Kolokytha ◽  
R. Speller ◽  
S. Robson
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common System ◽  
Close Range

This study describes a cost-effective check-in baggage screening system, based on "on-belt tomosynthesis" (ObT) and close-range photogrammetry, that is designed to address the limitations of the most common system used, conventional projection radiography. The latter's limitations can lead to loss of information and an increase in baggage handling time, as baggage is manually searched or screened with more advanced systems. This project proposes a system that overcomes such limitations creating a cost-effective automated pseudo-3D imaging system, by combining x-ray and optical imaging to form digital tomograms. Tomographic reconstruction requires a knowledge of the change in geometry between multiple x-ray views of a common object. This is uniquely achieved using a close range photogrammetric system based on a small network of web-cameras. This paper presents the recent developments of the ObT system and describes recent findings of the photogrammetric system implementation. Based on these positive results, future work on the advancement of the ObT system as a cost-effective pseudo-3D imaging of hold baggage for airport security is proposed.

Three-Dimensional Analysis Techniques—Part 1: Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Analysis of 24 Adult Cleft Palate Patients following Le Fort I Maxillary Advancement: A Preliminary Report

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Mccance ◽  
James P. Moss ◽  
W. Rick Fright ◽  
Alf D. Linney ◽  
David R. James
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Le Fort ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes ◽  
Le Fort I

The three-dimensional, facial soft-tissue changes of 24 patients with various cleft types following transpalatal Le Fort I osteotomy were measured using laser scanning techniques, radial measurements, and a color millimetric scale. There was a varying degree of midface retrusion in the different cleft groups, and a very similar pattern of retrusion over the nasal complex. Each group of patients showed a varying degree of relapse postsurgically, but there was a failure in all the cleft groups to correct the lack of nasal projection.

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction of the Mandibular Condyle

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Schlueter ◽  
Ki Beom Kim ◽  
Donald Oliver ◽  
Gus Sortiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Linear Measurements

Abstract Objective: To determine the ideal window level and width needed for cone beam computed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the condyle. Materials and Methods: Linear dimensions were measured with a digital caliper to assess the anatomic truth for 50 dry human mandibular condyles. Condyles were scanned with the i-CAT cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D-models were reconstructed. Three linear three-dimensional measurements were made on each of the 50 condyles at 8 different Hounsfield unit (HU) windows. These measurements were compared with the anatomic truth. Volumetric measurements were also completed on all 50 condyles, at 23 different window levels, to define the volumetric distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) within the condyle. Results: Significant differences were found in two of the three linear measurement groups at and below the recommended viewing window for osseous structures. The most accurate measurements were made within the soft tissue range for HU window levels. Volumetric distribution measurements revealed that the condyles were mostly comprised of low-density bone, and that condyles exhibiting significant changes in linear measurements were shown to have higher percentages of low-density bone than those condyles with little change from the anatomic truth. Conclusions: CBCT assessment of the mandibular condyle, using the 3D reconstruction, is most accurate when accomplished at density levels below that recommended for osseous examination. However, utilizing lower window levels which extend into the soft tissue range, may compromise one's capacity to view the bony topography.

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