Role of entomopathogenic nematodes in insect pests management

Plants under herbivore attack emit mixtures of volatiles that can attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are organisms that can be used in the biological control of insect pests. Recent studies have shown that the movement of EPNs is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. To date, several compounds that are responsible for the mediation in below ground multitrophic interactions have been identified. In the review, we discuss the use of EPNs in agriculture, the role of belowground volatiles and their use in plant protection programmes.

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The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

African Entomology ◽

10.4001/003.022.0222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 235-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. van Zyl ◽

A.P. Malan

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

History Of

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Host Adaptation in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: An Approach to Enhancing Biological Control Potential

10.32747/1996.7613023.bard ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Itamar Glazer ◽

Randy Gaugler ◽

Yitzhak Spiegel ◽

Edwin Lewis

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Lectin Binding ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Foraging Strategies ◽

Host Recognition ◽

Field Activity ◽

Biological Control Potential ◽

The Common

The overall objective of our research was to develop methods to match species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the insect pests which they would be best adapted to control. The underlying hypothesis for this work was that entomopathogenic nematodes should be most effective when used against insect species to which they are naturally adapted to parasitize. Toward this end, we undertook a number of related studies focusing primarily on nematode foraging strategies. We found that foraging strategies affected host associations directly and indirectly. Nematodes' responses to host cues, and the role of their sensory organs based on lectin binding, led to new approaches to determining host range for these parasites. Based on this work, we developed a laboratory bioassay of host recognition behavior designed to predict field results. We also determined that nematodes that forage in a stationary manner (ambushers) have a slower metabolic rate than do active forgers (cruisers), thus their infective stage juveniles are longer lived. This study helps predict the duration of field activity after application and may partially explain field distributions of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes. The common thread linking all of these studies was that they led to a deeper understanding of the associations between entomopathogenic nematodes and insects as hosts.

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Role of beneficial fungi in managing diseases and insect pests of tea plantation

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00270-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kishor Chand Kumhar ◽

Azariah Babu ◽

John Peter Arulmarianathan ◽

Bhabesh Deka ◽

Mitali Bordoloi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Tea Plantation ◽

Beneficial Fungi

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Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00343-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rashid Pervez ◽

Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽

Sasmita Pattnaik

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Main Body ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

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Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Ewa Sajnaga ◽

Marcin Skowronek ◽

Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽

Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽

Karolina Ferenc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Nanopore Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

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Role of the Sheath in Desiccation Tolerance of Two Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Nematologica ◽

10.1163/187529291x00321 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (1-4) ◽

pp. 324-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Gaugler ◽

L. Rickert Campbell

Keyword(s):

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes

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Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12245

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Ved Prakash Giri ◽

Shipra Pandey ◽

Anmol Gupta ◽

Manish Kumar Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.

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Big-eged bugs Geocoris: Diets research and potential of use in prevention of a number of insect pests in Vietnam

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.9.1.353.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Nguyen Ngoc Bao Chau ◽

Le Thuy To Nhu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Host Plant ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Short Review ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Research Attention ◽

Perennial Crops ◽

The World ◽

Agriculture Development

Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera) are small insects that is found in many parts of the world. They are beneficial because they eat a multitude of insect pests in agriculture. Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. are insects that receive research attention in Florida and elsewhere because of the benefits that this species give to plants (Mead, 2001). Big-eyed bugs reproduce many generations in a year on weeds, perennial crops, bushes. In spring the female big-eyed bugs start laying eggs on the bud, the leaves of the host plant. Understanding the biology and the role of predator Geocoris spp. in ecosystem will provide an alternative method in sustainable agriculture development. In this short review, we discuss some convenient diets for the application of mass rearing Geocoris spp.

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Konsep dan Implementasi Teknologi Budi Daya Ramah Lingkungan pada Tanaman Tembakau, Serat, dan Minyak Industri Concept and Implementation of Environmentally-Friendly Technologies in Cultivation of Tobacco, Fiber, and Industrial Oil Crops

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/bultas.v1n1.2009.41-54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

. Nurindah

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Land Conservation ◽

Technology Innovations ◽

Industrial Oil ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan budi daya tanaman pada suatu lahan akan dapat mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan. Penciptaan teknologi budi daya tanaman tembakau, serat, dan minyak industri di-arahkan pada teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu hasil, efisiensi biaya usaha tani, dan ramah lingkungan. Teknologi ramah lingkungan difokuskan pada penemuan komponen teknologi prapa-nen yang mempunyai dampak minimal terhadap pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan, yang meliputi va-rietas-varietas unggul, teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit, teknik konservasi lahan tembakau. Varietas-varietas unggul tersebut adalah varietas-varietas yang mempunyai ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit, yaitu tembakau Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, dan Grompol Jatim 1; kapas: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Karangploso 14–Karangploso 15; wijen: Sumberrejo 4; dan jarak kepyar: Asembagus 81. Teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang ramah lingkungan adalah teknologi pengendalian hama yang membatasi atau meniadakan penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetik dan menerapkan teknik pengendalian de-ngan memanfaatkan peran musuh alami serangga hama atau antagonis patogen penyebab penyakit, dan penggunaan pestisida nabati. Teknik konservasi lahan untuk mengendalikan erosi dan penyakit lincat dikem-bangkan pada lahan tembakau temanggung dengan menerapkan penggunaan varietas tahan penyakit, pem-buatan terassering dan penguatnya, pengolahan lahan minimal, dan aplikasi mikroba antagonis. Teknologi ramah lingkungan tersebut telah diterapkan di tingkat petani dan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap pengembangan komoditas.Technology innovations for tobacco, fibers, and industrial-oil crops are directed to increase production and quality of the products, efficiency, and environmentally-friendly technologies. The efficiency and environ-menttally-friendly technologies are focused on the pre-harvest technology innovations that have minimal im-pacts on environmental damages. The technologies include superior varieties, pest control, and land conser-vation. The superior varieties are those that resistant to either insect pests or diseases, i.e. tobacco: Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, and Grompol Jatim 1; cotton: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Ka-rangploso 14–Karangploso 15; sesame: Sumberrejo 4; and castor: Asembagus 81. Environmentally-friendly pest control is to limit or no use synthetic-chemical pesticides in pest control, but optimally make use the role of natural enemies and antagonists and use biopesticides. Land conservation technique to control erosi-on as well as ”lincat’ disease has been developed in fields of temanggung tobacco by using tobacco variety resistant to the disease, terracering, minimum tillage, and application of antagonist microbes. Those techno-logies has been implemented in the farmers’ fields and has a positive impacts for the commodity develop-ment.

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