scholarly journals Processing and storage of blood components as a precondition for safe transfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ana Antić ◽  
Sanja Živković-Đorđević ◽  
Suzana Stevanović ◽  
Marija Jelić
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Isbt 128

The preparation of blood components from whole blood collections must be standardized and compliant with recommendations, EU Directives and Standard Operative Procedures (SOPs). In order to achieve safe and efficient transfusion it is important to have automated separation of whole blood unit producing standardized blood components, good quality control and increased work efficiency. It is also very important that all blood components should be ISBT 128 labelled and properly storaged under the regulated conditions. One of the most important factors that increases transfusion safety is leucoreduction of blood components, which prevents several adverse effects following blood transfusion, as well replacement of plasma as a storage medium in red blood cells and platelet concentrates with preservative solutions, which results in the reduction of isoand HLA-antibodies and plasma proteins. Pathogen inactivation in blood products is the trend of modern blood transfusion practice and acts in the removal or inactivation of all pathogens that can be blood transmitted. It does not replace testing of blood units for transfusion-transmitted diseases, but it reduces the risk of "window phenomenon" and errors in testing, acting on the agents that are not included in routine testing. In circumstances where the pathogen reduction has not been introduced in practice routine bacteriological testing of blood components significantly decreases the occurrence of adverse reactions on contaminated blood. Processing using the most appropriate and effective methodologies and best laboratory practices, efficient inventory management system for optimum blood stocks, and effective blood cold chain for safe storage and distribution of blood and blood products are key requirements to ensure the safety of blood products.

The physiology of blood in anaesthetic practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane El Kenz ◽  
Philippe Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Component Therapy ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Following the discovery of the ABO blood groups by Landsteiner in 1901, Albert Hustin described the first transfusion of a whole blood unit in 1914. The modern transfusion era really begins in 1916 with the discovery of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant by the same physician, allowing blood conservation in dedicated packs. Since that time, many advances have been made especially over the past two decades in the storage, the conservation, and the laboratory testing of blood components and in transfusion medicine practice. Transfusion of whole blood has been replaced by blood component therapy, which consists of the administration of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, or platelets. Although blood transfusion is safer than ever, the risk of complications will never reach zero. The risk of infectious transfusion-transmitted diseases has been markedly reduced by the implementation of extensive infectious disease testing, donor selection, and pathogen-inactivation procedures. In countries with a high human development index, the leading causes of allogeneic blood transfusion-related deaths actually resulted from immunological and septic complications. The first section of this chapter describes the structure, function, and immunological aspects of the different blood components that are routinely transfused today. The second section details the composition of the different blood components, their indications, the pre-transfusion compatibility tests, and the main adverse effects associated with their transfusion.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN CHANGES OF HEMOGLOBIN BETWEEN 6-12 HOURS AND 12-14 HOURS AFTER TRANSFUSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Rosita Linda ◽  
Devita Ninda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma ◽  
Hemoglobin Measurement ◽  
Baseline Hemoglobin

Each year more than 41,000 blood donations are needed every day and 30 million blood components are transfused. Blood products that can be transfused include Packed Red Cells (PRC), Whole Blood (WB), Thrombocyte Concentrate (TC), Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Monitoring Hemoglobin (Hb) after transfusion is essential for assessing the success of a transfusion. The time factor after transfusion for Hemoglobin (Hb) examination needs to be established, analyze to judge the success of a blood transfusion which is performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in changes of hemoglobin between 6-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion. This study was retrospective observational using secondary data. The subjects were patients who received PRC, and WBC transfusion. At 6-12, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion, hemoglobin, RBC, and hematocrit were measured. Then the data were analyzed by unpaired t-test. The collected data included the results of the Hb pre-transfusion, 6-12, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion. The subjects of this study were 98 people. The administration of transfusion increased by 10-30% in hemoglobin concentration at 6-12 hours after-transfusion. While at 12-24 hours after-transfusion, hemoglobin after-transfusion increased 15-37% from the baseline. Hemoglobin values were not different at any of the defined after-transfusion times (p = 0.76 (p>0.05)). Hemoglobin values were not different at 6-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion.    Keywords: Hemoglobin, measurement, after-transfusion 

scholarly journals Whole blood transfusion improves vascular integrity and increases survival in artemether-treated experimental cerebral malaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Gul ◽  
Flavia L. Ribeiro-Gomes ◽  
Aline S. Moreira ◽  
Guilherme S. Sanches ◽  
Fabiana G. Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Angiopoietin 2 ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

Abstract Pathological features observed in both human and experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) are endothelial dysfunction and changes in blood components. Blood transfusion has been routinely used in patients with severe malarial anemia and can also benefit comatose and acidotic malaria patients. In present study Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were transfused intraperitoneally with 200 µL of whole blood along with 20 mg/kg of artemether. ECM mice showed severe thrombocytopenia and decreases in hematocrit. Artemether treatment markedly aggravated anemia within 24 hours. Whole blood administration significantly prevented further drop in hematocrit and partially restored the platelet count. Increased levels of plasma angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) remained high 24 hours after artemether treatment but returned to normal levels 24 hours after blood transfusion, indicating reversal to quiescence. Ang-1 was depleted in ECM mice and levels were not restored by any treatment. Blood transfusion prevented the aggravation of the breakdown of blood brain barrier after artemether treatment and decreased spleen congestion without affecting splenic lymphocyte populations. Critically, blood transfusion resulted in markedly improved survival of mice with ECM (75.9% compared to 50.9% receiving artemether only). These findings indicate that whole blood transfusion can be an effective adjuvant therapy for cerebral malaria.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IDENTIFYING TRANSFUSIONAL INCIDENTS BY ACTIVE SEARCHING AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Henrique de Paula Bedaque ◽  
Rodolfo Daniel de Almeida Soares ◽  
Carolina Lemos de Brito ◽  
Gabriela Lia de Aquino Revoredo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Active Searching

Objective: The present study aims to analyze implementation consequences on active search for incidents related to blood transfusion at Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) and establish a blood transfusion profile in this facility. Methods: Blood transfusion and TIs registered on Hemotherapy Core at HUOL were counted through SPSS 20, comparing IT/1000 blood transfusion averages between 2012 and 2014. T Test of Student was used to compare data and chi-square (X²) and relative risk calculation to associate the use of blood components and risk to develop TI. Results: An increase of TI numbers at HUOL was shown by active searching and its equivalence to reference French and Brazilian services, liked to ANVISA sentinel network. Thus, there was a change in the average rate from 1.86 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2012 to 5.36 TI/1000 blood transfusions in 2013 and 5.86 TI/1000 in 2014 (p = 0.001). It was also observed that the red blood cell concentrate is the fraction with the highest risk of occurrence of TIs (p = 0.003) and the greatest chance of causing any type of TI in relation to the other blood products, RR = 1.848 (95% CI; 1.042 - 3.266). It was also seen that the infusion of platelet concentrate is related to the allergic reaction (p <0.01), and greater risk compared to other blood components, RR = 2.746 (95% CI; 1.477 - 5.107). Conclusion: This study demonstrates active Hemovigilance importance on Tis subnotifications decrease.

Effectiveness of Rotational Thormboelastometry Algorithm Guided Transfusion Practice in Living Donor Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2593-2594
Author(s):  
Amer Latif ◽  
M. Asim Rana ◽  
Shahzad Ashraf ◽  
M. Afzal Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Living Donor Liver Transplant ◽  
Donor Liver Transplant

Background: Liver transplantation is a complicated surgical procedure that involves many complexities such as bleeding and the risk of transfusing blood components. Aim: To investigate the effect of the Rotational Thormboelastometry (ROTEM) algorithm-based blood or blood product transfusion, in clinical outcome of living donor liver transplant (LDLT) patients. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of the study: Bahria Town international hospital Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Sixty patients of living donor liver transplant were enrolled. They were then divided into two groups as per the approved transfusion protocol. The first group named pre-ROTEM and the second was ROTEM group. Initial biochemical features, blood transfusion and patient outcomes were documented. Results: The need for large-scale blood transfusion and transfusion-related products were statistically less in ROTEM group as compared to the pre-ROTEM group. Conclusion: The ROTEM-based algorithms can be used effectively to reduce transfusion of blood components and may increase the chances of early transplant functioning. Keywords: ROTEM algorithm, Blood transfusion, Liver transplant, ASA guideline, Thromboelastogram, TEG

scholarly journals Utilization pattern of blood and its components in a tertiary care super speciality hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4526
Author(s):  
Anjali Handa ◽  
Sunita Bundas ◽  
Ashok Pal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Utilization Pattern

Background: Blood is the most precious gift for human life. Blood transfusion services play a vital role in managing health care services. There is no substitute for blood and its components till date, therefore blood donation drive is very crucial. The primary responsibility of blood transfusion services is to provide safe, sufficient and timely supply of blood and blood products. There has been shift for usage of blood and blood components from the use of whole blood so that maximum utilization of this precious resource could be done. Aim and objectives was to study pattern of utilization of blood and blood components in a super speciality hospital with the indications for transfusions for different components during the study period.Methods: This retrospective study for 12 months (January 2019- December 2 019) on pattern of utilization of blood components was carried out in the department of immunohaematology and transfusion medicine in a super speciality hospital.Results: There were total of 90237 transfusions which were carried out during the study period of 12 months. During the study period, 366 stored whole blood units, 55300 Packed RBC units, 19111 FFP units, 14298 Random Donor Platelet units, 1119 single donor platelets and 43 cryoprecipitate units were issued for use in patients admitted to our hospital.Conclusions: Periodic review and audit of blood component usage becomes essential to assess the blood utilization pattern in any hospital.  

Bacterial Contamination of Blood Components: Risks, Strategies, and Regulation

Hematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 575-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Hillyer ◽  
Cassandra D. Josephson ◽  
Morris A. Blajchman ◽  
Jaroslav G. Vostal ◽  
Jay S. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Donor Skin ◽  
Pathogen Reduction

Abstract Bacterial contamination of transfusion products, especially platelets, is a longstanding problem that has been partially controlled through modern phlebotomy practices, refrigeration of red cells, freezing of plasma and improved materials for transfusion product collection and storage. Bacterial contamination of platelet products has been acknowledged as the most frequent infectious risk from transfusion occurring in approximately 1 of 2,000–3,000 whole-blood derived, random donor platelets, and apheresis-derived, single donor platelets. In the US, bacterial contamination is considered the second most common cause of death overall from transfusion (after clerical errors) with mortality rates ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:85,000 donor exposures. Estimates of severe morbidity and mortality range from 100 to 150 transfused individuals each year. Concern over the magnitude and clinical relevance of this issue culminated in an open letter calling for the “blood collection community to immediately initiate a program for detecting the presence of bacteria in units of platelets.” Thereafter, the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) proposed new standards to help mitigate transfusion of units that were contaminated with bacteria. Adopted with a final implementation date of March 1, 2004, the AABB Standard reads “The blood bank or transfusion service shall have methods to limit and detect bacterial contamination in all platelet components.” This Joint ASH and AABB Educational Session reviews the risks, testing strategies, and regulatory approaches regarding bacterial contamination of blood components to aid in preparing practitioners of hematology and transfusion medicine in understanding the background and clinical relevance of this clinically important issue and in considering the approaches currently available for its mitigation, as well as their implementation. In this chapter, Drs. Hillyer and Josephson review the background and significance of bacterial contamination, as well as address the definitions, conceptions and limitations of the terms risk, safe and safety. They then describe current transfusion risks including non-infectious serious hazards of transfusion, and current and emerging viral risks. In the body of the text, Dr. Blajchman reviews the prevalence of bacterial contamination in cellular blood components in detail with current references to a variety of important studies. He then describes the signs and symptoms of transfusion-associated sepsis and the sources of the bacterial contamination for cellular blood products including donor bacteremia, and contamination during whole blood collection and of the collection pack. This is followed by strategies to decrease the transfusion-associated morbidity/mortality risk of contaminated cellular blood products including improving donor skin disinfection, removal of first aliquot of donor blood, pre-transfusion detection of bacteria, reducing recipient exposure, and pathogen reduction/inactivation. In the final sections, Drs. Vostal, Epstein and Goodman describe the regulations and regulatory approaches critical to the appropriate implementation of a bacterial contamination screening and limitation program including their and/or the FDA’s input on prevention of bacterial contamination, bacterial proliferation, and detection of bacteria in transfusion products. This is followed by a discussion of sampling strategy for detection of bacteria in a transfusion product, as well as the current approval process for bacterial detection devices, trials recommended under “actual clinical use” conditions, pathogen reduction technologies, and bacterial detection and the extension of platelet storage.

scholarly journals Use of Blood and Blood Components In Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Sharmin Chowdhury ◽  
Md Ali Ehsan Siddiqui ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Zubaida Nasreen ◽  
Husne Ara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Transfusion Practice ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Use of blood means providing the right blood product, in the right quantity, for the right patient. It can help in bridging the gap between demand and supply of the precious blood or blood products.Objective: The present study was designed to study appropriateness of use of the blood components in different wards in DMCH, to improve the consistency and appropriateness of transfusion practice, to promote the integration of quality management systems into transfusion practice, to reduce the overall number of transfusion-related complications, to increase consumer awareness of the benefits and risks of blood component therapy; and conserve a limited resource.Methodology: This study was done at Transfusion Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in the period between January 2008 to December 2011. Donors of 18 to 55 years of both sexes were selected after reviewing the questionnaire, physical and medical examination and written consent .Blood was collected in different blood bags. Blood components were prepared by centrifugation of whole blood in a refrigerated centrifuge machine. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire on age, gender, department, haemoglobin levels, indications of blood transfusions, types of product advised, total number of units ordered, cross-matched and transfused. Rational use of blood was assessed by determining prevalence of appropriateness using World Health Organisation’s clinical practical guidelines and transfusion indices. Interviews were done with doctors to assess their knowledge and practices.Result: In 2008, 1231(8.4%) components were prepared against 14560 whole blood. In 2009, 1636 (9.63%) components against 16984 whole blood were prepared. In 2010, 1380 (8.13%) components were prepared against 16980 whole blood. In 2011 1800 (8.91%) components were prepared and supplied to surgery, medicine, gynae, paediatrics, haematology and oncology wards.Conclusion: The hospital was not rationale in use of blood.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 18-24

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