scholarly journals Diagnosis of gastric carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Cytologic Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Examination ◽  
Specific Symptoms

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Diagnosis requires histopathological analysis of tissue obtained by esophagogastroduodenoscopy or cytologic analysis of gastric wiping / flushing. CASE REPORT: Patient aged 55 years presents in a family medical clinic due to dyspeptic problems accompanied by weight loss, weakness and maladaptation present at six months. Physical examination present sensitivity to deep palpation in the epigastrium. Ultrasound abdominal examination neat, laboratory anemia present. The patient is referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which corporally, on a small curve of the stomach, detects a large ulceration of the bottom covered with fibrin and detritus, femoral margins. Bioptate finding reveals the presence of ventriculi mixed adenocarcinoma (tubular adenocarcinoma cum poorly cohesive carcinoma). Computed tomography of the abdomen determines the visible thickening of the stomach in the region of small curvature in the area of dimension 110x 26 mm and a large number of individual lymph glands up to 8 mm in fat with a small curve of the stomach. A total gastrectomy with a lymphadenectomy is done at the request of the oncological consulium. The pathohistological finding after surgery is adenocarcinoma ventriculi gradus III, pT3N1Mx (small curve, part of the anterior and posterior gastric wall infiltrative, engages all layers of the wall, but does not infiltrate serosa, size 7x6 cm, R0L1V0Pn0). A re-examination of the oncology consilium indicates chemotherapy / radiotherapy in hospital conditions and thereafter 5-fluorouracil / leucovorin chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: In the absence of specific symptoms and screening and early detection capabilities, the highest number of gastric cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor (average survival is 24 months) and treatment options are limited. Identification of new biological / molecular markers in early diagnosis of gastric cancer would allow a better quality of life and longer survival of the diseased.

Multiple Myeloma

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
Sumit Karia ◽  
Meghna Ruparelia
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Multiple myeloma is a rare but serious haematological malignancy which at any one time affects between 20 000 and 30 000 patients in the UK. Prior to diagnosis, most of these patients present to primary care with non-specific symptoms. A delay in diagnosis is associated with an increase in complications, such as anaemia, bone disease and renal failure. This may have an impact on patients' quality of life as well as their ability to tolerate toxic treatment options. The key steps in primary care are to identify those patients with symptoms suggestive of multiple myeloma, carry out timely investigations and be aware of the appropriate referral pathways. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the GP has a vital role in supporting the patient throughout what is, for most, a chronic debilitating illness.

scholarly journals Histopathological Analysis of Gastric Cancers in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital: A 20-Year Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
KA Suleiman ◽  
EAO Afolayan ◽  
OOK Ibrahim ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
SK Abubakar-Akanbi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Gastric Cancers ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Alarm Features

Gastric cancer is a relatively common malignancy in Nigeria. Gastric cancer varies from region, being 4th to 20th in proportion to other malignancies. The symptom and signs are often non-specific with the early stages of the disease. This may be responsible for late presentation and poor prognosis. This is a 20-year retrospective analysis of 107 histopathologically confirmed gastric cancers in the department of pathology. This study aimed to analyze the Histopathological patterns of all the gastric cancer cases diagnosed in U.I.T.H Ilorin, over a twenty-year period. Gastric cancers were classified according to WHO 2010 and Lauren classification of gastric cancers. A total of 107 cases of gastric cancers diagnosed, that met the inclusion criteria, were analyzed with male: female ratio of 1.3:1 out of which epithelial malignancy accounted for 93.5% with tubular adenocarcinoma representing the commonest epithelial subtype. Epithelial malignancy is the commonest histological type in this area. Therefore, it is recommended that patients above 40 years with dyspepsia and other alarm features should undergo routine endoscopic screening.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the quality of life of gastric cancer survivors

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahyun Choi ◽  
Sanghee Kim ◽  
Mona Choi ◽  
Woo Jin Hyung
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background The number of gastric cancer survivors has been increasing, and such survivors experience various changes in their lives post-recovery. Adapting to these changes requires appropriate interventions that can improve their quality of life (QoL). This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the QoL of gastric cancer survivors and provide basic data for effective intervention. Methods Data were collected between September 8 and September 29, 2017, from the Gastric Cancer Center at a tertiary hospital. Questionnaire surveys were conducted using the EORTC QLQ-C30/STO22, Self-Efficacy-Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Quality of Life-Cancer Survivors Questionnaire on gastric cancer survivors who were followed up for 3 years after gastrectomy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results A total of 136 gastric cancer survivors completed the questionnaire survey. There were significant positive correlations of QoL with self-efficacy, functional status, and social support (r = .35, p < .001; r = .53, p < .001; r = .26, p < .001, respectively). There were significant negative correlations of QoL with general symptoms (r =  − .39, p < .001) and gastric cancer-specific symptoms (r =  − .51, p < .001). The regression model explained 48.3% of the QoL, and the affecting factors were gastric cancer-specific symptoms (β =  − .397, p < .001), religious belief (β = .299, p < .001), functional status (β = .251, p = .003), and self-efficacy (β = .191, p = .004). Conclusion This study confirmed that gastric cancer-specific symptoms, spiritual well-being, self-efficacy, and functional status affect the QoL of gastric cancer survivors. Hence, these factors should be considered in the interventions to improve the QoL of gastric cancer survivors.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Gastric Cancer Survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahyun Choi ◽  
Sanghee Kim ◽  
Mona Choi ◽  
Woo Jin Hyung
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background: The number of gastric cancer survivors has been increasing, and such survivors experience various changes in their lives post-recovery. Adapting to these changes requires appropriate interventions that can improve their quality of life (QoL). This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the QoL of gastric cancer survivors to provide basic data for effective intervention.Methods: Data were collected between September 8 and September 29, 2017 from the Gastric Cancer Center at a tertiary hospital. Questionnaire surveys were conducted using the EORTC QLQ-C30/STO22, Self-Efficacy-Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Quality of Life-Cancer Survivors Questionnaire on gastric cancer survivors who were followed up for three years after gastrectomy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.Results: A total of 136 gastric cancer survivors completed the questionnaire survey. There were significant positive correlations of QoL with self-efficacy, functional status, and social support (r=.35, p<.001; r=.53, p<.001; r=.26, p<.001, respectively). There were significant negative correlations of QoL with general symptoms, gastric cancer-specific symptoms (r=-.39, p<.001; r=-.51, p<.001). The regression model explained 48.3% of the QoL, and the affecting factors were gastric cancer-specific symptoms (β=-.397, p<.001), religious belief (β=.299, p<.001), functional status (β=.251, p=.003), and self-efficacy (β=.191, p=.004).Conclusion: This study confirmed that gastric cancer-specific symptoms, spiritual well-being, self-efficacy and functional status affect the QoL of gastric cancer survivors. Hence, these factors should be considered in the interventions to improve the QoL of gastric cancer survivors.

Ultrastructural Localization Study of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Gastric Cancer: Immunoelectron Microscopic Observation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Dong Yuming ◽  
Yang Guanglin ◽  
Wu Jifeng ◽  
Chen Xiaolin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pap Method

On the basis of light microscopic observation, the ultrastructural localization of CEA in gastric cancer was studied by immunoelectron microscopic technique. The distribution of CEA in gastric cancer and its biological significance and the mechanism of abnormal distribution of CEA were further discussed.Among 104 surgically resected specimens of gastric cancer with PAP method at light microscopic level, the incidence of CEA(+) was 85.58%. All of mucinous carcinoma exhibited CEA(+). In tubular adenocarcinoma the incidence of CEA(+) showed a tendency to rising with the increase of degree of differentiation. In normal epithelia and intestinal metaplasia CEA was faintly present and was found only in the luminal surface. The CEA staining patterns in cancer cells were of three types--- cytoplasmic, membranous and weak reactive type. The ultrastructural localization of CEA in 14 cases of gastric cancer was studied by immunoelectron microscopic technique.There was a little or no CEA in the microvilli of normal epithelia. In intestinal metaplasia CEA was found on the microvilli of absorptive cells and among the mucus particles of goblet cells. In gastric cancer CEA was also distributed on the lateral and basal surface or even over the entire surface of cancer cells and lost their polarity completely. Many studies had proved that the alterations in surface glycoprotein were characteristic changes of tumor cells. The antigenic determinant of CEA was glycoprotein, so the alterations of tumor-associated surface glycoprotein opened up a new way for the diagnosis of tumors.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

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