scholarly journals La Orden de Calatrava en la Baja Edad Media (1350-1500): repaso historiográfico = The Military Order of Calatrava in the Late Middle Ages (1350-1500): Review of Scholarship

2018 ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Milagros Plaza Pedroche
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Military

En el presente artículo se concede atención al desarrollo de la producción historiográfica referente a la Orden de Calatrava en el ámbito castellanoleonés y en el periodo comprendido entre 1350 y 1500. En él se realiza un balance que permite conocer los vacíos informativos que todavía perviven dentro de este campo y las líneas de investigación que de cara al futuro se abren a los medievalistas. The present study focuses on the developments of the scholarship on the Military Order of Calatrava in the kingdom of Castile and Leon in the period between 1350 and 1500. It provides an assessment of current research which will identify the gaps of information that still persist within this field of study and the research strategies that these may provide to medievalists in the future.

Time and the Testator, 1370–1540

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Judith Middleton-Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Limited Duration ◽  
At Will

There were many ways in which the late medieval testator could acknowledge time. Behind each testator lay a lifetime of memories and experiences on which he or she drew, recalling the names of those ‘they had fared the better for’, those they wished to remember and by whom they wished to be remembered. Their present time was of limited duration, for at will making they had to assemble their thoughts and their intentions, make decisions and appoint stewards, as they prepared for their time ahead; but as they spent present time arranging the past, so they spent present time laying plans for the future. Some testators had more to bequeath, more time to spare: others had less to leave, less time to plan. Were they aware of time? How did they control the future? In an intriguing essay, A. G. Rigg asserts that ‘one of the greatest revolutions in man’s perception of the world around him was caused by the invention, sometime in the late thirteenth century, of the mechanical weight-driven clock.’ It is the intention of this paper to see how men’s (and women’s) perception of time in the late Middle Ages was reflected in their wills, the most personal papers left by ordinary men and women of the period.

scholarly journals The evolution of the hospital from antiquity to the end of the middle ages

Curationis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cilliers ◽  
F.P. Retief
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Middle Ages

The evolution of the hospital is traced from its onset in ancient Mesopotamia towards the end of the 2nd millennium to the end of the Middle Ages. Reference is made to institutionalised health care facilities in India as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, to nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. Special attention is paid to the situation in the Graeco-Roman era: one would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modem sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were visited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals which existed since the 1st century AD, were built for a specialized group and not for the public, and were therefore also not precursors of the modem hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modem hospital. Hospices, initially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modem sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Benedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery. During the late Middle Ages (beyond the 10th century) monastic infirmaries continued to expand, but public hospitals were also opened, financed by city authorities, the church and private sources. Specialized institutions, like leper houses, also originated at this time. During the Golden Age of Islam the Muslim world was clearly more advanced than its Christian counterpart with magnificent hospitals in various countries.

Meister Eckhart’s Ethical Universalism, Confucianism, and the Future of Christianity

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-668
Author(s):  
Oliver Davies
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Meister Eckhart ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ethical Universalism ◽  
Tu Weiming

Meister Eckhart is known for having developed a sophisticated form of inclusivist Christian universalism in the late Middle Ages. This universalism arose from the particular “globalizing” contexts of his times, for which there are real parallels in our own day. The author argues that in key respects, Eckhart’s ethical universalism shows strong affinities with Confucian principles, and can be informed by these as set out historically by Xinzhong Yao and in a contemporary setting by Tu Weiming. In the conclusion, the author sketches the possible influence of Confucianism on a future Christianity, in the light of the Eckhartian universalist inheritance.

scholarly journals ‘A DESPERAT WEPON’: RE-HAFTED SCYTHES AT SEDGEMOOR, IN WARFARE AND AT THE TOWER OF LONDON

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 225-270
Author(s):  
Edward Impey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Irregular Forces ◽  
Effective Use

The Royal Armouries possesses two scythe blades of pre-mechanised manufacture, mounted axially on straight hafts to form weapons. An inventory of 1686 lists eighty-one scythe blades at the Tower of London (by 1694 described as booty captured from the Duke of Monmouth’s rebels at Sedgemoor) and the surviving pair was probably among them. The Duke’s shortage of standard-issue equipment made improvisation essential, and the choice of re-hafted scythe blades owed to their widespread, well known and effective use by irregular forces in Britain and Europe since the late Middle Ages. Monmouth’s ‘sithmen’, some hundreds strong, took part in skirmishes and in the battle of Sedgemoor itself. Of interest to the Tower authorities as curiosities and for their propaganda value, the scythe blades were displayed, in diminishing numbers, from the seventeenth until the nineteenth century, and these two until the 1990s. In the future they will be displayed again, representing Monmouth’s rebels and countless others, and a weapon type that deserves a greater level of study and recognition.

scholarly journals El ideal militar hispánico: una propuesta sobre transferencias socioculturales y literarias de la Castilla medieval a la conquista española de América

Medievalismo ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 323-354
Author(s):  
Víctor MUÑOZ GÓMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Military ◽  
Medieval Model

En este artículo se estudiarán las características del mando militar desempeñado por los reyes de Castilla durante la Baja Edad Media en relación con su ejercicio en las campañas contra los musulmanes especialmente entre el reinado de Alfonso XI y la conquista de Granada por los Reyes Católicos. Estas cualidades se hallaron fuertemente vinculadas a un discurso legitimador de la monarquía en torno a los principios de la “recuperación de España”, la Cruzada y la Caballería. A partir de su análisis en los textos cronísticos de los siglos XIV y XV, se propone la hipótesis de que ese modelo medieval de liderazgo militar monárquico, ligado al citado marco ideológico, pudo ser recogido en los relatos de las crónicas de Indias y, paralelamente, integrado por los capitanes de la conquista de América. This paper aims to study the features of the military command that was exerted by the kings of Castile in Late Middle Ages with respect to its performance during the campaigns against the Muslims, particularly from the reign of king Alfonso XI to the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Kings. These military traits were strongly associated to the notions of ‘the recovery of Spain’ (restauratio Hispaniae, ‘Reconquista’), Crusade and Chivalry. From its analysis through 14th-15th centuries chronistical texts, we propose the hypothesis that this medieval model of monarchical military leadership, linked to the aforementioned ideological framework, could have been reflected in the narrative of the ‘Crónicas de Indias’ and concurrently assumed by the Spanish captains of the Conquest of America.

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