Impact of Long-Term Application of Patranala Sewage on Carbon Sequestration and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils

AbstractToenail is metabolic end product of the skin, which can provide information about heavy metal accumulation in human cells. Slow growth rates of toenail can represent heavy metal exposure from 2 to 12 months before the clipping. The toenail is a non-invasive biomarker that is easy to collect and store and is stable over time. In this systematic review, the suitability of toenail as a long-term biomarker was reviewed, along with the analysis and validation of toenail and confounders to heavy metal. This systematic review has included 30 articles chosen from a total of 132 articles searched from online electronic databases like Pubmed, Proquest, Science Direct, and SCOPUS. Keywords used in the search included “toenail”, “biomarker”, “heavy metal”, and “drinking water”. Heavy metal in toenail can be accurately analyzed using an ICP-MS instrument. The validation of toenail heavy metal concentration data is very crucial; however, the Certified Reference Material (CRM) for toenail is still unavailable. Usually, CRM for hair is used in toenail studies. Confounders that have major effects on heavy metal accumulation in toenail are dietary intake of food and supplement, smoking habit, and overall health condition. This review has identified the advantages and limitations of using toenail as a biomarker for long-term exposure, which can help future researchers design a study on heavy metal exposure using toenail.

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Evaluation of the effects of bio stabilised waste on soil in terms of heavy metal accumulation and leaching

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2228 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Lombardi ◽

Giulia Costa ◽

Maria Chiara Di Lonardo ◽

Alessio Lieto

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Matter Content ◽

Aerobic Biodegradation ◽

Solid Matrix

This work evaluated and compared potential impacts related to the accumulation and/or release of heavy metals resulting from the application of different types of stabilized waste to soil. Namely, the following three types of flows were considered: waste produced by aerobic bio-stabilization of municipal solid waste at a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant, and compost produced either from aerobic composting or from a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes. After a preliminary characterization of the materials (organic matter content, volatile solid, and heavy metals content), heavy metal accumulation in soil caused by possible long-term application of these organic materials was evaluated by implementing a discretized mass balance based on the total content of the heavy metals in each type of solid matrix investigated. In addition, results of percolation leaching tests performed on each type of material were presented and discussed. Results highlight that although the total content of heavy metals of the three types of materials differed considerably, with the MBT waste presenting the highest concentrations, the results of the leaching percolation tests were quite similar.

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Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt

Water ◽

10.3390/w13162245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2245

Author(s):

Manal A. Alnaimy ◽

Sahar A. Shahin ◽

Zuzana Vranayova ◽

Martina Zelenakova ◽

Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Continuous Cultivation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Wastewater Irrigation ◽

Metal Levels ◽

The Impact

There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.

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Heavy metal accumulation and changes in soil enzymes activities and bacterial functional diversity under long-term treated wastewater irrigation in East Central region of Tunisia (Monastir governorate)

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 235 ◽

pp. 106150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marouane Mkhinini ◽

Iteb Boughattas ◽

Vanessa Alphonse ◽

Alexandre Livet ◽

Stéphanie Gıustı-Mıller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Central Region ◽

Soil Enzymes ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

East Central ◽

Treated Wastewater Irrigation

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Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil Amended with Roadside Pond Sediment and Uptake by Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivumL. cv. PBW 343)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2010.220 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2314-2329 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tanmoy Karak ◽

Pradip Bhattacharyya

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Health Concern ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Risk Zone ◽

Pond Sediment

The risks of heavy metal accumulation and the dynamics related to roadside pond sediment application in comparison to control of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were investigated in field experiments. Selective sequential extraction procedures revealed that application of pond sediment in soil increases the labile pools of the studied heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Risk assessment codes concluded that Cu and Pb were in the high-risk zone in both pond sediment and soil amended with pond sediment, whereas Zn and Cu were found in the medium-risk zone for control soil. Heavy metal accumulation by wheat straw and grain (39.38, 1.18, 23.73, 0.36, 0.18, and 16.8 mg kg-1for Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb, respectively, for wheat grain) was significantly increased through application of pond sediment. However, metal accumulation did not thwart the enhancement of wheat yield when pond sediment was applied. Health risk indexes of analyzed heavy metals were found to be within the Indian permissible limit for foodstuffs. Pond sediments help to fortify wheat grain by increasing the concentration of Zn and Cu as a source of micronutrients in the diet. However, a significant increase of Pb in wheat grain through pond sediment could be a health concern for its long-term application. Therefore, pond sediment would be a valuable resource for agriculture as an alternative organic supplement, but long-term use may require the cessation of the excavated sediment as agricultural landfill in order to restrict heavy metal contamination through it.

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