Perceptions of E-cigarettes and Flavor Restrictions among Tobacco Retailers in Los Angeles

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-901
Author(s):  
Sabrina L. Smiley ◽  
Heesung Shin ◽  
Shyanika W. Rose ◽  
Yaneth L. Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Barahona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Black African ◽  
White American ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Ethnic Neighborhood ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: In this study, we examined tobacco retailers' perceptions of e-cigarettes and associations with in-store availability of e-cigarettes. Methods: Retailers (N = 700) in multiple, racial/ethnic neighborhoods (black/African-American, N = 200); Hispanic/Latino, N = 200; white American, N = 200; Korean American, N = 100) in Los Angeles County participated in on-site interviews and store observations. Results: Controlling for individual and racial/ethnic neighborhood factors, retailers in majority-white neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of selling e-cigarettes and flavored e-cigarettes than retailers located in Hispanic/Latino (p < .001, OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.08-0.25; p < .001, OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.11-0.33) and Korean American (p < .05, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.12-0.37; p < .05, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.12-0.39) neighborhoods. Perceptions of e-cigarettes as being completely safe/safer than cigarettes were significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .05, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.04-3.97); and opposition to flavored e-cigarette restrictions was marginally significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .10, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.96-2.51). Adjusting for store type, perceptions of e-cigarettes as being completely safe/safer than cigarettes were marginally significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .10, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 0.85-3.73). Conclusions: Targeted efforts are warranted for educating retailers and employees in these neighborhoods on the appeal and nicotine dependence potential of e-cigarette use for youth.

Prostate cancer: trends in mortality and stage-specific incidence rates by racial/ethnic group in Los Angeles County, California (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Danley ◽  
Jean L. Richardson ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
Bryan Langholz ◽  
Ronald K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial Disparities in Use of Chiropractic Services by Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 to 99 in Los Angeles County, California

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Whedon ◽  
Melissa N. Kimura ◽  
Reed B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Chiropractic Care ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Zip Code

Racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of chiropractic services have been described at the state level, but little is known about such local disparities. We analyzed Medicare data for the year 2008 to evaluate by ZIP code for utilization of chiropractic services among older adults in Los Angeles County, California. We evaluated for availability and use of chiropractic services by racial/ethnic category, quantified geographic variations by coefficient of variation, and mapped utilization by selected racial/ethnic categories. Among 7502 beneficiaries who used chiropractic services, 72% were white, 12% Asian, 1% black, 1% Hispanic, and 14% other/unknown. Variation in the number of beneficiaries per ZIP code who used chiropractic services was highest among Hispanics, blacks, and Asians. We found evidence of racial disparities in use of chiropractic services at the local level in Los Angeles County. Older blacks and Hispanics in Los Angeles County may be underserved with regard to chiropractic care.

scholarly journals The 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby Study: A Multilevel, Population-Based Study of Maternal and Infant Health in Los Angeles County

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin M. Chao ◽  
Fathima Wakeel ◽  
Dena Herman ◽  
Chandra Higgins ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Local Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Successful Collaboration

Objectives. In order to comprehensively examine the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the University of California, Los Angeles, joined efforts to design and implement the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) study. This paper aims to present the conceptual frameworks underlying the study’s development, highlight the successful collaboration between a research institution and local health department, describe the distinguishing characteristics of its methodology, and discuss the study’s implications for research, programs, and policies.Methods. The LAMB study utilized a multilevel, multistage cluster design with a mixed-mode methodology for data collection. Two samples were ultimately produced: the multilevel sample (n = 4,518) and the augmented final sample (n = 6,264).Results. The LAMB study allowed us to collect multilevel data on the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes. Both samples were more likely to be Hispanic, aged 20–34 years, completed at least 12 years of schooling, and spoke English.Conclusions. The LAMB study represents the successful collaboration between an academic institution and local health department and is a theoretically based research database and surveillance system that informs effective programmatic and policy interventions to improve outcomes among LAC’s varied demographic groups.

Exploring ethnic identity perceptions of Hyun-Jin Ryu’s Korean American fans

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-872
Author(s):  
Na Ri Shin ◽  
Jon Welty Peachey ◽  
Doo Jae Park
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Korean American ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of Korean American fans of the Los Angeles Dodgers’ Korean pitcher Hyun-Jin Ryu. Two research questions were developed to guide the study: (a) How are participants’ ethnic identity perceptions as Korean Americans intertwined with their fanship to Hyun-Jin Ryu? and (b) How are participants’ lived experiences intertwined with their fanship to Ryu? The study focused on the details of how fans perceived their ethnic identity in relation to Ryu’s performance and presence in Major League Baseball. Findings revealed that fans initially became involved due to their ethnic ties to Ryu and remained as fans because they felt connected to the motherland of Korea. Fans individually identified with Ryu through the perceived minority status of being Korean American in the US. Fans experienced vicarious satisfaction as they felt Ryu broke racial, ethnic, and gender stereotypes through his body image and physical performance. Consequently, they developed Korean pride when Ryu performed well. This study extends Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory and Phinney’s concept of ethnic identity to examine fanship to a specific player rather than a team.

The Sexual Stratification Hypothesis: Is the Decision to Arrest Influenced by the Victim/Suspect Racial/Ethnic Dyad?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryn Nicole O’Neal ◽  
Laura O. Beckman ◽  
Cassia Spohn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Sexual Stratification

The sexual stratification hypothesis suggests that criminal justice responses to sexual victimization will differ depending on the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad. Previous research examining the sexual stratification hypothesis has primarily focused on court processes, and the small body of literature examining arrest decisions is dated. There remains substantial opportunity for testing the sexual stratification hypothesis at response stages apart from the court level (i.e., arrest). Using quantitative data on 655 sexual assault complaints that were reported to the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LASD) and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) in 2008, this study examines the effect of the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad on the decision to arrest. Findings suggest that police consider the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad when making arrest decisions. In addition, victim characteristics, strength of evidence indicators, and measures of case factors predict the police decision to make an arrest.

scholarly journals Impact and Equality of Expanding Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles County

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Nguyen ◽  
Emmanuel Fulgence Drabo ◽  
Wendy Garland ◽  
Corrina Moucheraud ◽  
Ian W Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTBackgroundRacial and ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Los Angeles County (LAC), an important epicenter in the battle to end HIV.ObjectiveTo examine tradeoffs between effectiveness and equality of PrEP allocation strategies among different racial and ethnic groups of MSM in LAC.Design, Setting, and PopulationWe developed a microsimulation model of HIV among MSM in LAC using county epidemic surveillance and survey data to capture demographic trends and subgroup-specific partnership patterns, disease progression, patterns of PrEP use, and patterns for viral suppression.InterventionWe simulated interventions where an additional 3000, 6000, or 9000 PrEP prescriptions are provided annually in addition to current levels, following different allocation scenarios to each racial/ethnic group (Black, Hispanic, or White).MeasurementsWe estimated cumulative infections averted and measures of equality, after 15 years (2021-2035), relative to base case (no intervention).ResultsOf the policies evaluated, targeting PrEP preferentially to Black individuals would result in the largest reductions in incidence and disparities. This outcome was robust to different partnership preference assumptions, though the magnitude of impact differs.LimitationsWe limit analysis to MSM, who bear the majority of HIV/AIDS burden in LAC. We do not consider transmission via injection drug use or mother-to-child transmission, nor do we capture individual network transmission effects. We assume no improvements in the prevention-diagnosis-treatment cascade besides increased PrEP use.ConclusionsWe find there is little trade-off between effectiveness and equality of outcome when choosing groups to target for PrEP in LAC – by focusing on MSM with the highest HIV incidence (Black), we can reduce both overall infections and racial/ethnic disparities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic disparities in ever E-cigarette use among adults in Los Angeles County

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Du ◽  
Margaret Shih ◽  
Megha D. Shah ◽  
Mark D. Weber ◽  
Amy S. Lightstone
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sociodemographic Disparities

scholarly journals Seasonality and factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among individuals with HIV infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. SORVILLO ◽  
G. BEALL ◽  
P. A. TURNER ◽  
V. L. BEER ◽  
A. A. KOVACS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The seasonality and factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection were assessed in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in Los Angeles County to better define the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis among individuals with HIV. Data were analysed from a cohort of 4247 patients [ges ]13 years of age with HIV infection enrolled from four outpatient facilities in Los Angeles, 1990–6. Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 120 (2·8%) patients. Among the 1296 individuals with complete follow-up until death, cryptosporidiosis occurred in 69 (5·3%). The seasonal rate of cryptosporidiosis showed a modest bimodal trend with the highest rates occurring in March–May and September–October. There was no difference in the rate of cryptosporidiosis for the periods of heaviest rainfall (December–March) and low rainfall (April–November). Infection rates were higher among males (1·59 per 100 person-years) than females (0·92) and lower in blacks (0·98) than other racial/ethnic groups (1·80). A significant trend of decreasing cryptosporidiosis was observed with increasing age, with the highest rate (2·34) in the 13–34 year age group. A strong association between cryptosporidiosis and CD4+ count was noted. These data suggest that cryptosporidiosis among HIV-infected individuals in Los Angeles County exhibits a modest spring and fall seasonality. This pattern of occurrence of cryptosporidiosis appears temporally unrelated to local rainfall patterns. Our findings suggest that HIV-infected men, individuals in younger age groups and those with CD4+ lymphocyte counts <100×106/l are at increased risk of cryptosporidiosis. Blacks with HIV infection appear less likely than other racial/ethnic groups to be diagnosed with Cryptosporidium infection. These results may provide insight into possible routes of transmission and sources of cryptosporidiosis infection in individuals with HIV.

The shape of neighborhoods to come: Examining patterns of gentrification and holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County, 1980–2010

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110536
Author(s):  
Seth A. Williams ◽  
John R. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Successive Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present study examines holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County across three decades between 1980 and 2010. Using Census tract data, we conduct a latent class analysis to identify classes of neighborhood change for each decade according to housing dynamics, age structure, racial-ethnic composition and churning, and socioeconomic characteristics, and describe latent classes indicative of gentrification. Further, we assess the degree to which tracts experience sustained or repeated gentrification over the 30 year period. In line with more recent conceptualizations of gentrification as a broad urban process, we find that gentrification occurs in a wide range of neighborhoods, and manifests itself differently according to shifts in population characteristics, with many tracts experiencing more than one successive period of gentrification over the 30 year period.

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