Prostate cancer: trends in mortality and stage-specific incidence rates by racial/ethnic group in Los Angeles County, California (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Danley ◽  
Jean L. Richardson ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
Bryan Langholz ◽  
Ronald K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals The descriptive epidemiology of craniopharyngioma

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta R. Bunin ◽  
Tanya S. Surawicz ◽  
Philip A. Witman ◽  
Susan Preston-Martin ◽  
Faith Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Tumor Registry ◽  
Pediatric Tumor ◽  
Cancer Data

The incidence of craniopharyngioma in the United States was estimated from two population-based cancer registries that include brain tumors of benign and borderline malignancy: the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) and Los Angeles county. Information on additional pediatric tumors was available from the Greater Delaware Valley Pediatric Tumor Registry (GDVPTR). The overall incidence of craniopharyngioma was 0.13 per 100,000 person years and did not vary by gender or race. A bimodal distribution by age was noted with peak incidence rates in children (aged 5-14 years) and among older adults (aged 65-74 years in CBTRUS and 50-74 years in Los Angeles county). Survival information was available from GDVPTR and the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), a hospital-based reporting system. In the NCDB, the 5-year survival rate was 80% and decreased with older age at diagnosis. Survival is higher among children and has improved in recent years. Approximately 338 cases of craniopharyngiomas are expected to occur annually in the United States, with 96 occurring in children from 0 to 14 years of age.

scholarly journals Planning for the Control of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Los Angeles County and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 173 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Chao ◽  
L. Matrajt ◽  
N. E. Basta ◽  
J. D. Sugimoto ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Variations in Mortality Rates for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis Treated in US Territories Compared with the US 50 States

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofen Yan ◽  
Jenny I. Shen ◽  
Rubette Harford ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Robert Nee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background and objectivesIn the United States mortality rates for patients treated with dialysis differ by racial and/or ethnic (racial/ethnic) group. Mortality outcomes for patients undergoing maintenance dialysis in the United States territories may differ from patients in the United States 50 states.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis retrospective cohort study of using US Renal Data System data included 1,547,438 adults with no prior transplantation and first dialysis treatment between April 1, 1995 and September 28, 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for the territories versus 50 states for each racial/ethnic group using the whole cohort and covariate-matched samples. Covariates included demographics, year of dialysis initiation, cause of kidney failure, comorbid conditions, dialysis modality, and many others.ResultsOf 22,828 patients treated in the territories (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), 321 were white, 666 were black, 20,299 were Hispanic, and 1542 were Asian. Of 1,524,610 patients in the 50 states, 838,736 were white, 444,066 were black, 182,994 were Hispanic, and 58,814 were Asian. The crude mortality rate (deaths per 100 patient-years) was lower for whites in the territories than the 50 states (14 and 29, respectively), similar for blacks (18 and 17, respectively), higher for Hispanics (27 and 16, respectively), and higher for Asians (22 and 15). In matched analyses, greater risks of death remained for Hispanics (HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.60 to 1.70; P<0.001) and Asians (HR, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 2.27; P<0.001) living in the territories versus their matched 50 states counterparts. There were no significant differences in mortality among white or black patients in the territories versus the 50 states.ConclusionsMortality rates for patients undergoing dialysis in the United States territories differ substantially by race/ethnicity compared with the 50 states. After matched analyses for comparable age and risk factors, mortality risk no longer differed for whites or blacks, but remained much greater for territory-dwelling Hispanics and Asians.

scholarly journals Rearrests of Noncitizens Subsequent to Immigration Removal From the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 105756772097545
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Wong ◽  
Laura J. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Individual Level

Deportation or removal from the United States for criminal justice–involved noncitizens has been described as analogous to incapacitation. A common assertion is that if immigration authorities remove these noncitizens from the United States, future criminal justice involvement will be averted. The present study explores the hypothesized incapacitation effect of immigration removal and tests whether a record of prior removal predicts postremoval rearrest patterns. The sample consists of 521 foreign-born males with a verified immigration removal from the United States, following transfer into federal immigration custody from Los Angeles County Jail in 2002. California rearrests after the date of verified U.S. removal were tracked through 2011. Results indicate that 48% of the sample was rearrested at least once and 22% had three or more postremoval arrests. These findings do not support the hypothesis that deportation equates to permanent incapacitation. The study also found that a record of prior removal did not predict postremoval rearrest likelihood or frequency. As a single longitudinal study and the first of its kind, these results alone cannot inform responsible policy recommendations. The study does, however, highlight directions for further research and the pressing need for access to individual-level immigration data for empirical study and public distribution of results.

The Los Angeles "Zoot Suit Riots" Revisited: Mexican and Latin American Perspectives

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Griswold del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Zoot Suit

The so-called Zoot Suit riots in Los Angeles in June of 1943 made Latin Americans more aware of the negative racial attitudes within the United States toward Mexicans. Through the publicity surrounding the riots, they also first learned of the existence of a large ethnic group of Mexican origin. This knowledge, however, often came with an additional message that the Mexican American culture was not worthy of esteem by respectable people. / Los disturbios llamados "Zoot-Suit" que ocurrieron en Los Angeles en Junio 1943 hizo saber a los latino americanos que las actitudes de los norteamericanos hacia los mexicanos no eran muy positivas. A través de la publicidad durante los disturbios, aprendieron por la primera vez de la existencia de un gran grupo étnico de origen mexicano en los Estados Unidos. Desgraciadamente esta información vino con otro mensaje que la cultura de los mexicoamericanos no era digna de honor por la supuesta gente decente.

scholarly journals Changing Spatiotemporal Trends in County‐Level Heart Failure Death Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Vaughan ◽  
Mary G. George ◽  
Sandra L. Jackson ◽  
Linda Schieb ◽  
Michele Casper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Context ◽  
County Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Amid recently rising heart failure (HF) death rates in the United States, we describe county‐level trends in HF mortality from 1999 to 2018 by racial/ethnic group and sex for ages 35 to 64 years and 65 years and older. Methods and Results Applying a hierarchical Bayesian model to National Vital Statistics data representing all US deaths, ages 35 years and older, we estimated annual age‐standardized county‐level HF death rates and percent change by age group, racial/ethnic group, and sex from 1999 through 2018. During 1999 to 2011, ~30% of counties experienced increasing HF death rates among adults ages 35 to 64 years. However, during 2011 to 2018, 86.9% (95% CI, 85.2–88.2) of counties experienced increasing mortality. Likewise, for ages 65 years and older, during 1999 to 2005 and 2005 to 2011, 27.8% (95% CI, 25.8–29.8) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.2–13.9) of counties, respectively, experienced increasing mortality. However, during 2011 to 2018, most counties (67.4% [95% CI, 65.4–69.5]) experienced increasing mortality. These temporal patterns by age group held across racial/ethnic group and sex. Conclusions These results provide local context to previously documented recent national increases in HF death rates. Although county‐level declines were most common before 2011, some counties and demographic groups experienced increasing HF death rates during this period of national declines. However, recent county‐level increases were pervasive, occurring across counties, racial/ethnic group, and sex, particularly among ages 35 to 64 years. These spatiotemporal patterns highlight the need to identify and address underlying clinical risk factors and social determinants of health contributing to these increasing trends.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of tuberculosis incidence in Los Angeles County

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Readhead ◽  
Alicia H. Chang ◽  
Jo Kay Ghosh ◽  
Frank Sorvillo ◽  
Julie Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background In Los Angeles County, the tuberculosis (TB) disease incidence rate is seven times higher among non-U.S.-born persons than U.S.-born persons and varies by country of birth. But translating these findings into public health action requires more granular information, especially considering that Los Angeles County is more than 4000 mile2. Local public health authorities may benefit from data on which areas of the county are most affected, yet these data remain largely unreported in part because of limitations of sparse data. We aimed to describe the spatial distribution of TB disease incidence in Los Angeles County while addressing challenges arising from sparse data and accounting for known cofactors. Methods Data on 5447 TB cases from Los Angeles County were combined with stratified population estimates available from the 2005–2011 Public Use Microdata Survey. TB disease incidence rates stratified by country of birth and Public Use Microdata Area were calculated and spatial smoothing was applied using a conditional autoregressive model. We used Bayesian Poisson models to investigate spatial patterns adjusting for age, sex, country of birth and years since initial arrival in the U.S. Results There were notable differences in the crude and spatially-smoothed maps of TB disease rates for high-risk subgroups, namely persons born in Mexico, Vietnam or the Philippines. Spatially-smoothed maps showed areas of high incidence in downtown Los Angeles and surrounding areas for persons born in the Philippines or Vietnam. Areas of high incidence were more dispersed for persons born in Mexico. Adjusted models suggested that the spatial distribution of TB disease could not be fully explained using age, sex, country of birth and years since initial arrival. Conclusions This study highlights areas of high TB incidence within Los Angeles County both for U.S.-born cases and for cases born in Mexico, Vietnam or the Philippines. It also highlights areas that had high incidence rates even when accounting for non-spatial error and country of birth, age, sex, and years since initial arrival in the U.S. Information on spatial distribution provided here complements other descriptions of local disease burden and may help focus ongoing efforts to scale up testing for TB infection and treatment among high-risk subgroups.

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