The shape of neighborhoods to come: Examining patterns of gentrification and holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County, 1980–2010

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110536
Author(s):  
Seth A. Williams ◽  
John R. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Successive Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present study examines holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County across three decades between 1980 and 2010. Using Census tract data, we conduct a latent class analysis to identify classes of neighborhood change for each decade according to housing dynamics, age structure, racial-ethnic composition and churning, and socioeconomic characteristics, and describe latent classes indicative of gentrification. Further, we assess the degree to which tracts experience sustained or repeated gentrification over the 30 year period. In line with more recent conceptualizations of gentrification as a broad urban process, we find that gentrification occurs in a wide range of neighborhoods, and manifests itself differently according to shifts in population characteristics, with many tracts experiencing more than one successive period of gentrification over the 30 year period.

Prostate cancer: trends in mortality and stage-specific incidence rates by racial/ethnic group in Los Angeles County, California (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Danley ◽  
Jean L. Richardson ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
Bryan Langholz ◽  
Ronald K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial Disparities in Use of Chiropractic Services by Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 to 99 in Los Angeles County, California

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Whedon ◽  
Melissa N. Kimura ◽  
Reed B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Chiropractic Care ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Zip Code

Racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of chiropractic services have been described at the state level, but little is known about such local disparities. We analyzed Medicare data for the year 2008 to evaluate by ZIP code for utilization of chiropractic services among older adults in Los Angeles County, California. We evaluated for availability and use of chiropractic services by racial/ethnic category, quantified geographic variations by coefficient of variation, and mapped utilization by selected racial/ethnic categories. Among 7502 beneficiaries who used chiropractic services, 72% were white, 12% Asian, 1% black, 1% Hispanic, and 14% other/unknown. Variation in the number of beneficiaries per ZIP code who used chiropractic services was highest among Hispanics, blacks, and Asians. We found evidence of racial disparities in use of chiropractic services at the local level in Los Angeles County. Older blacks and Hispanics in Los Angeles County may be underserved with regard to chiropractic care.

scholarly journals The 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby Study: A Multilevel, Population-Based Study of Maternal and Infant Health in Los Angeles County

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin M. Chao ◽  
Fathima Wakeel ◽  
Dena Herman ◽  
Chandra Higgins ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Local Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Successful Collaboration

Objectives. In order to comprehensively examine the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the University of California, Los Angeles, joined efforts to design and implement the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) study. This paper aims to present the conceptual frameworks underlying the study’s development, highlight the successful collaboration between a research institution and local health department, describe the distinguishing characteristics of its methodology, and discuss the study’s implications for research, programs, and policies.Methods. The LAMB study utilized a multilevel, multistage cluster design with a mixed-mode methodology for data collection. Two samples were ultimately produced: the multilevel sample (n = 4,518) and the augmented final sample (n = 6,264).Results. The LAMB study allowed us to collect multilevel data on the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes. Both samples were more likely to be Hispanic, aged 20–34 years, completed at least 12 years of schooling, and spoke English.Conclusions. The LAMB study represents the successful collaboration between an academic institution and local health department and is a theoretically based research database and surveillance system that informs effective programmatic and policy interventions to improve outcomes among LAC’s varied demographic groups.

scholarly journals Shifting Neighborhood Power, Rising Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Gentrification and the Health of Residents in Los Angeles County

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Agbai
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Relationship

Gentrification offers an interesting case of neighborhood change because it is characterized by an influx of capital, rapid upgrades to the built environment, and physical and social displacement of residents and institutions. The simultaneous and relatively rapid transitions that occur during gentrification make accounting for duration of exposure particularly important when exploring the relationship between gentrification and individual well-being. Though a large literature explores how the residential context, as well as the timing and duration of exposure to relatively stable neighborhood conditions, affects health, little is known about how duration of exposure to gentrification is linked to the health of longtime residents. Using restricted, longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, I ask (1) how is duration of exposure to gentrification linked to individual health? (2) How is gentrification differentially linked to individual health outcomes across ethnoracial groups? Results demonstrate that a longer duration of residence in a gentrifying neighborhood is associated with improved self-reported health. This analysis suggests that efforts must be made to allow longtime residents to remain in their neighborhoods as they undergo change to ensure that these residents are able to reap the health benefits of the neighborhood improvements that accompany gentrification.

Perceptions of E-cigarettes and Flavor Restrictions among Tobacco Retailers in Los Angeles

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-901
Author(s):  
Sabrina L. Smiley ◽  
Heesung Shin ◽  
Shyanika W. Rose ◽  
Yaneth L. Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Barahona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Black African ◽  
White American ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Ethnic Neighborhood ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: In this study, we examined tobacco retailers' perceptions of e-cigarettes and associations with in-store availability of e-cigarettes. Methods: Retailers (N = 700) in multiple, racial/ethnic neighborhoods (black/African-American, N = 200); Hispanic/Latino, N = 200; white American, N = 200; Korean American, N = 100) in Los Angeles County participated in on-site interviews and store observations. Results: Controlling for individual and racial/ethnic neighborhood factors, retailers in majority-white neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of selling e-cigarettes and flavored e-cigarettes than retailers located in Hispanic/Latino (p < .001, OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.08-0.25; p < .001, OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.11-0.33) and Korean American (p < .05, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.12-0.37; p < .05, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.12-0.39) neighborhoods. Perceptions of e-cigarettes as being completely safe/safer than cigarettes were significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .05, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.04-3.97); and opposition to flavored e-cigarette restrictions was marginally significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .10, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.96-2.51). Adjusting for store type, perceptions of e-cigarettes as being completely safe/safer than cigarettes were marginally significantly associated with availability of flavored e-cigarettes (p < .10, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 0.85-3.73). Conclusions: Targeted efforts are warranted for educating retailers and employees in these neighborhoods on the appeal and nicotine dependence potential of e-cigarette use for youth.

The Sexual Stratification Hypothesis: Is the Decision to Arrest Influenced by the Victim/Suspect Racial/Ethnic Dyad?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryn Nicole O’Neal ◽  
Laura O. Beckman ◽  
Cassia Spohn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Sexual Stratification

The sexual stratification hypothesis suggests that criminal justice responses to sexual victimization will differ depending on the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad. Previous research examining the sexual stratification hypothesis has primarily focused on court processes, and the small body of literature examining arrest decisions is dated. There remains substantial opportunity for testing the sexual stratification hypothesis at response stages apart from the court level (i.e., arrest). Using quantitative data on 655 sexual assault complaints that were reported to the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LASD) and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) in 2008, this study examines the effect of the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad on the decision to arrest. Findings suggest that police consider the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad when making arrest decisions. In addition, victim characteristics, strength of evidence indicators, and measures of case factors predict the police decision to make an arrest.

scholarly journals Impact and Equality of Expanding Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles County

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Nguyen ◽  
Emmanuel Fulgence Drabo ◽  
Wendy Garland ◽  
Corrina Moucheraud ◽  
Ian W Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTBackgroundRacial and ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Los Angeles County (LAC), an important epicenter in the battle to end HIV.ObjectiveTo examine tradeoffs between effectiveness and equality of PrEP allocation strategies among different racial and ethnic groups of MSM in LAC.Design, Setting, and PopulationWe developed a microsimulation model of HIV among MSM in LAC using county epidemic surveillance and survey data to capture demographic trends and subgroup-specific partnership patterns, disease progression, patterns of PrEP use, and patterns for viral suppression.InterventionWe simulated interventions where an additional 3000, 6000, or 9000 PrEP prescriptions are provided annually in addition to current levels, following different allocation scenarios to each racial/ethnic group (Black, Hispanic, or White).MeasurementsWe estimated cumulative infections averted and measures of equality, after 15 years (2021-2035), relative to base case (no intervention).ResultsOf the policies evaluated, targeting PrEP preferentially to Black individuals would result in the largest reductions in incidence and disparities. This outcome was robust to different partnership preference assumptions, though the magnitude of impact differs.LimitationsWe limit analysis to MSM, who bear the majority of HIV/AIDS burden in LAC. We do not consider transmission via injection drug use or mother-to-child transmission, nor do we capture individual network transmission effects. We assume no improvements in the prevention-diagnosis-treatment cascade besides increased PrEP use.ConclusionsWe find there is little trade-off between effectiveness and equality of outcome when choosing groups to target for PrEP in LAC – by focusing on MSM with the highest HIV incidence (Black), we can reduce both overall infections and racial/ethnic disparities.

scholarly journals A Latent Class Analysis of Personal Values in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanté J. Smack ◽  
Kathrin Herzhoff ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Rheeda L. Walker ◽  
Jennifer L. Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Human values and motivations are a powerful predictor of behavior, and Schwartz’s taxonomy offers a meaningful organizational system for robust value dimensions (Schwartz, 1992). Although values clearly represent a meaningful and culturally relevant dimension of individual differences, they remain poorly understood particularly in regards to how values co-occur and manifest within individuals. The purpose of the present study was to examine how values co-occur and manifest within individuals. A racially/ethnically diverse sample of 1, 308 undergraduate students (351 males, Mage = 21.70, SD = 5.22) reported on their personal values and personality traits. Latent class analyses revealed support for two value classes: personal-focused (N = 210) and social-focused (N = 1098), which map onto hypotheses of value configurations based on Schwartz’s taxonomy (Schwartz, 1992). The value classes also exhibited differences based on racial/ethnic composition, gender composition, and personality trait association, also consistent with previous research. The current study provides evidence for two value types that manifest across two countries in North America.

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