Moderation by Neighborhood Food Outlets on Relationships between Meal Sources and Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry ◽  
Tameka I. Walls ◽  
Melissa H. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants

Objectives: In this study, we tested for moderation by neighborhood food outlet presence on relationships between food outlet shopping or meal sources and dietary intake. Methods: We used generalized linear models to analyze parent-adolescent (12-17 years) dyad data from the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating. Questions included food outlet presence in home (parent) and school (adolescent) neighborhoods (yes or no), shopping at food outlets (parent) (never, rarely, sometimes, often or always), and sources of food consumed away from and at home (weekly frequency). We captured food and beverage intakes via a dietary screener. Results: Relationships between adolescent added sugar intake and scratch cooked evening meals and meals away from home were found only when grocery stores and fast food restaurants, respectively, were present in adolescents' school neighborhoods. Shopping at fruit and vegetable (FV) markets and scratch cooked evening meals were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent FV intakes, respectively. Meals away from home at convenience stores were associated with the largest increases in parent and adolescent intakes of added sugars. Conclusions: Neighborhood grocery store and fast food restaurant presence moderated relationships between meal sources and dietary intake only in adolescents.

scholarly journals Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Rhona M. Hanning ◽  
Henry Luan ◽  
Taryn A. Orava ◽  
Renata F. Valaitis ◽  
James K. H. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
School Food ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Access To Food

Background: Canadian provincial policies, like Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150), increasingly mandate standards for food and beverages offered for sale at school. Given concerns regarding students leaving school to purchase less healthy foods, we examined student behaviours and competitive food retail around schools in a large urban region of Southern Ontario. Methods: Using a geographic information system (GIS), we enumerated food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants) within 500, 1000 and 1500 m of all 389 regional schools spanning years of policy implementation. Consenting grade 6–10 students within 31 randomly selected schools completed a web-based 24-h diet recall (WEB-Q) and questionnaire. Results: Food outlet numbers increased over time (p < 0.01); post-policy, within 1000 m, they averaged 27.31 outlets, with a maximum of 65 fast-food restaurants around one school. Of WEB-Q respondents (n = 2075, mean age = 13.4 ± 1.6 years), those who ate lunch at a restaurant/take-out (n = 84, 4%) consumed significantly more energy (978 vs. 760 kcal), sodium (1556 vs. 1173 mg), and sugar (44.3 vs. 40.1 g). Of elementary and secondary school respondents, 22.1% and 52.4% reported ever eating at fast food outlets during school days. Conclusions: Students have easy access to food retail in school neighbourhoods. The higher energy, sodium and sugar of these options present a health risk.

scholarly journals Nutrition Environment Scores of Local Food Retailers and Proximity to Study Participants' Residence in Rural South (P04-157-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Goodman ◽  
Jessica Thomson ◽  
Alicia Landry
Keyword(s):  
African American Women ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Fast Food Restaurant ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objectives An 18-month, two-arm, randomized, controlled trial designed to evaluate the comparative impact of two home visiting programs on gestational weight gain, postpartum weight loss, and diet was conducted with rural, Southern, African American women. Although nutrition education was an experimental treatment component, the intervention was not effective at improving participants’ poor diets. To better understand the dietary choices made by these women, an examination of the food environment was conducted in the towns in which they resided. Methods Food retailers were measured with the Nutritional Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS). ArcGIS was used to geocode study participants’ residence and food retailers and to compute driving distances between participants’ residence and food retailers. Participants’ diet quality was measured with Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Associations among food retailers’ type and NEMS score, driving distances between residences and food retailers, and HEI total and component scores were examined. Results Significant differences between types of food retailers were found for % of maximum NEMS scores: grocery stores (60%), full service restaurants (42%), fast food restaurants (36%), and convenience stores (26%). Participants were closer to convenience stores (mean = .4 miles) and fast food restaurants (mean = .5 miles) than to full service restaurants (mean = 1.1 miles) and grocery stores (mean = 1.6 miles). Three-fourths of participants lived within ½ mile of a convenience store and two-thirds lived within ½ mile of a fast food restaurant, while 6% lived within ½ mile of a grocery store. Only 19% shopped at their closest grocery store while two-thirds traveled a greater distance to shop at a larger national chain grocery store. The mean distance to the closest grocery store was 1.6 miles as compared to 4.2 miles for the store where most of the food was purchased. The refined grains HEI score was negatively correlated with distances to the closest convenience store, fast food restaurant, and full service restaurant. Conclusions The food environment of these rural, Southern, African American women provided numerous, convenient opportunities for unhealthy eating. Funding Sources US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

scholarly journals Associations of Food Outlet Densities with Obesity Measures Identify Fish and Chip Shops as a Uniquely Important Problem

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Albalawi ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
John Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Increases in the number of food outlets have been proposed as a key factor driving obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between the densities of food establishments serving meals (excluding supermarkets and grocery stores), with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and percentage of body fat among middle-aged adults in the UK. BMIs, WHR, %fat and socioeconomic factors were obtained from 456,079 individuals from the UK Biobank and averaged across 923 postcode districts (PD). The number of Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), delivery shops, takeaways, fish and chip shops, pubs and cafes were also obtained for each PD. We adjusted the obesity measures for deprivation level, education, employment, ethnicity, household size, household income and age. After adjustment, the density of fish and chip shops (per 1000 population) was positively associated with BMI and %fat for both sexes (males: BMI converted (exponentiated coefficient) β = 0.5, R2 = 4.14%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 0.8, R2 = 3.32%, p < 0.0001; females: BMI converted β = 0.9, R2 = 5.31%, p < 0.0001; %fat converted β = 1.4 R2 = 4.65%, p < 0.0001). The densities of FFRs and delivery shops (per 1000 population) were not related to the adjusted obesity measures among males and females, except BMI in males where FFRs were significantly negatively associated. The densities (per 1000 population) of FSRs, pubs, cafes and total food outlets were all significantly inversely related to the obesity measures for both sexes. The number of fish and chip shops per 1000 individuals was significantly positively associated with obesity in middle-aged adults in the UK. A negative association between the other types of food outlet densities and the measures of obesity suggests access to such establishments is not a major driver of obesity. This is potentially because the food supplied at such establishments is not significantly less healthy than what is eaten elsewhere including at home (and may even be better). Paying attention only to fast food and/or full-service restaurants in intervention policy will likely not be effective. Policy intervention should potentially focus on the numbers of fish and chip shops and the deep-fried food served in such restaurants.

scholarly journals A temporal analysis of the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966 to 2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L Day ◽  
Jamie R Pearce ◽  
Amber L Pearson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Level ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets

AbstractObjectiveTo explore changes in urban food environments near schools, as potential contributors to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children.DesignAddresses of food premises and schools in 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 were geo-coded. For each year, the number and proportion of outlets by category (supermarket/grocery; convenience; fast-food outlet) within 800 m of schools were calculated. The degree of spatial clustering of outlets was assessed using a bivariate K-function analysis. Food outlet categories, school level and school social deprivation quintiles were compared.SettingChristchurch, New Zealand.SubjectsAll schools and food outlets at 10-year snapshots from 1966 to 2006.ResultsBetween 1966 and 2006, the median number of supermarkets/grocery stores within 800 m of schools decreased from 5 to 1, convenience stores decreased from 2 to 1, and fast-food outlets increased from 1 to 4. The ratio of fast-food outlets to total outlets increased from 0·10 to 0·67. The clustering of fast-food outlets was greatest within 800 m of schools and around the most socially deprived schools. Over the 40-year study period, school food environments in Christchurch can be characterized by increased densities of fast-food outlets within walking distance of schools, especially around the most deprived schools.ConclusionsSince the 1960s, there have been substantial changes to the food environments around schools which may increasingly facilitate away-from-home food consumption for children and provide easily accessible, cheap energy-dense foods, a recognized contributor to the rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people.

scholarly journals Three datasets for nutrition environment measures of food outlets located in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of the United States

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Nutrition Environment ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Data Commons

This data note provides details of a research database containing 266 food outlets located in five rural towns in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi, whose nutrition environments were measured from 2016 to 2018.  The food outlet types include grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants.  The purpose of this publication is to describe the three datasets for external researchers who may be interested in making use of them.  The datasets are available from the USDA National Agricultural Library’s Ag Data Commons under a CC0 1.0 Universal License: https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1503704.

scholarly journals Three datasets for nutrition environment measures of food outlets located in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of the United States

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Nutrition Environment ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Data Commons

This data note provides details of a research database containing 266 food outlets located in five rural towns in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi, whose nutrition environments were measured from 2016 to 2018.  The food outlet types include grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants.  The purpose of this publication is to describe the three datasets for external researchers who may be interested in making use of them.  The datasets are available from the USDA National Agricultural Library’s Ag Data Commons under a CC0 1.0 Universal License: https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1503704.

scholarly journals Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Retail Food

Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual’s homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people’s home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. “Food swamps” (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than “food deserts” (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong’s urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.

scholarly journals Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Albalawi ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Individual Use

Background: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to BMI using new technology of reminding to avoid memory error. Aim: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland. Method: The study was cross-sectional. Participants (n = 681) completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these restaurants using auto-reminder text system. Results: Body Mass Index (BMI) of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually, or combined (TFO= Total Food Outlet). Conclusion: These data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in UK.

scholarly journals PERANAN KHIDMAT SUMBER LUAR (OUTSOURCING) DALAM AMALAN MCDONALDISASI DI SEKTOR PERHOTELAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nurshakinah Ibrahim ◽  
Dzurizah Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Iron Cage ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Hospitality Sector

McDonaldisasi ialah satu prinsip yang diadaptasi dari restoran makanan segera yang bertunjangkan kepada empat dimensi iaitu kecekapan, kebolehkiraan, kebolehramalan dan kawalan. Secara asasnya prinsip ini dilihat sangat cekap dan merupakan satu amalan rasional yang boleh dipraktikkan. Pengasas Teori McDonaldisasi iaitu George Ritzer, melihat prinsip tersebut juga wujud dalam pelbagai sektor, termasuklah dalam sektor perhotelan. Terdapat banyak ciri dalam sektor perhotelan yang membawa kepada aspek McDonaldisasi. Ini termasuklah penggunaan khidmat sumber luar atau outsourcing dalam operasi hotel. Kebanyakan hotel menggunakan khidmat sumber luar bagi tugas-tugas pembersihan bilik (housekeeping) dan penyediaan makanan dan minuman. Bagi dimensi kecekapan dan kebolehkiraan dalam Teori McDonaldisasi, khidmat sumber luar ini mampu menjadikan tugas pembersihan bilik dilakukan dengan lebih cekap, berkualiti dan menjimatkan kos. Malah penggunaan khidmat secara penyumber luaran tersebut dapat menghindar daripada isu McJobs serta isu kadar pusing ganti kerja yang tinggi dalam sektor perhotelan. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan khidmat sumber luar ini menyebabkan kurangnya kuasa kawalan terhadap operasi dan pekerja oleh pihak pengurusan hotel. Maka hal ini dilihat seakan bertentangan dengan dimensi kawalan dalam Teori McDonaldisasi yang memiliki aspek kawalan yang rigid terhadap operasi dan pekerja. Malah perkara tersebut menimbulkan persoalan tentang kerelevanan Teori McDonaldisasi dalam konteks sektor perhotelan. Justeru, makalah ini akan membahaskan pengamalan khidmat sumber luar terhadap Teori McDonaldisasi dalam konteks sektor perhotelan. Di samping itu, makalah ini juga akan membahaskan konsep velvet cage, rubber cage atau iron cage. Perbahasan ini diharapkan mampu menghuraikan Teori McDonaldisasi dalam konteks perhotelan dengan lebih jelas berdasarkan aspek penyumber luaran (outsourcing).   McDonaldization is a principle adopted from fast-food restaurants that based on four dimensions namely efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. This principle is seen as very efficient and is a rational practice that can be practiced. The founder of McDonaldization Theory, George Ritzer, sees the principle as existing in various sectors, including the hospitality sector. Many features in the hospitality sector lead to the McDonaldization aspect. This includes the use of outsourced services or outsourcing in hotel operations. Most hotels outsource housekeeping and food and beverage preparation tasks. For the dimensions of efficiency and calculability in McDonaldization Theory, this outsourcing service can make the task of cleaning the room done more efficiently, quality and cost-effective. The use of outsourced services can avoid the McJobs issue as well as the issue of high turnover rates in the hospitality sector. However, the use of these outsourcing services results in a lack of control over operations and employees by the hotel management. So this is seen as contrary  to the dimension of control in McDonaldization Theory which has a rigid aspect of control over operations and employees. This raises questions about the relevance of McDonaldization Theory in the context of the hospitality sector. Thus, this paper will discuss the practice of outsourcing services to McDonaldization Theory in the context of the hospitality sector. In addition, this paper will also discuss the concept of velvet cage, rubber cage or iron cage. This debate is expected to be able to describe the McDonaldization Theory in the context of the hospitality industry more clearly based on the aspect of outsourcing.

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