scholarly journals Pengaruh lokasi terhadap serangan lalat puru Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) pada tumbuhan eksotik invasif Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson dan interaksinya dengan komunitas serangga lokal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Luna Lukvitasari ◽  
◽  
Hermanu Triwidodo ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Damayanti Buchori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Curve Method

The gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) was first introduced to Indonesia to control the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson or kirinyuh. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of habitat type and location, and the presence of natural enemies associated with gall flies on their level of attack. This research was be conducted in various types of habitat in Bogor and South Lampung from January to December 2019. Thirty plant samples were obtained using the area species curve method. Sampling was conducted to collect gall in each habitat, it was followed by rearing gall for ± 1 month to see insects that came out from the gall at the Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. The results of this study indicate that the location of the observation affects the level of attack on gall flies against kirinyuh and parachitization of gall flies by parasitoid, while the habitat does not affect both. Then there are other insects associated with kirinyuh in addition gall flies in gall, namely Lonchaea sp.

scholarly journals A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: A case study of Chromolaena odorata

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKHMAD RIZALI ◽  
MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI ◽  
PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO ◽  
DAMAYANTI BUCHORI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trophic Interaction ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Authors. 2019. A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: a case study of Chromolaena odorata. Biodiversitas 20: 1006-1011. Invasive species have been known to cause biotic homogenization. The presence of Chromolaena odorata, an alien invasive weed, in agricultural habitat has outcompeted many crop plants. The presence of alien invasive weed creates a new trophic interaction especially with local herbivores as well as other associate insects. This study was aimed to investigate a new trophic interaction that has been established between C. odorata, its introduced biological control agent, and local insects. The research was conducted in various land-use types in both of Arjuno and Bromo mountain landscape. In each landscape, we surveyed the population density of C. odorata and its biological control agent (a gall fly, Cecidochares connexa) as well as observed the diversity and abundance of other insects associated with C. odorata. Samples were taken along the transect lines at various altitudinal gradients, from 400 to 1100 m asl. In total, 124 species of insects were found associated with C. odorata which include herbivores, parasitoids, and predators. The difference of land-use types affected the population density of C. odorata but not its herbivores (i.e. C. connexa and aphids). A new association was found between the introduced insect, C. connexa and local parasitoids. The field survey also discovered new associations between the invasive weed with local herbivores such as aphids that are found with high abundance. The aphids were found to have a symbiosis interaction with ants such as Anoplolepis gracilipes (invasive species) and Dolichoderus thoracicus. In conclusion, the ecological consequence of the presence of invasive weed species is the shaping of a new trophic interaction with local insects, even with other invasive ant species. This interaction arguably is part of an ecological process that formed an equilibrium interaction which may cause either a negative or positive impact on C. odorata.

scholarly journals How Scientists Obtain Approval to Release Organisms for Classical Biological Control of Invasive Weeds

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Scoles ◽  
James P. Cuda ◽  
William A. Overholt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
University Of Florida

An invasive weed is a nonnative plant that exhibits rapid population growth following its arrival in a new environment where it did not evolve. The success of the weed in its new habitat is due in part to the absence of the natural enemies that normally limit its reproduction and spread in its native range. Classical biological control seeks to reunite an invasive weed with one or more of its co-evolved natural enemies to provide permanent control of the weed. This document is ENY-828, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: May 2005. ENY-828/IN607: How Scientists Obtain Approval to Release Organisms for Classical Biological Control of Invasive Weeds (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Research and Professional Work in the Field of Biological Control (Predators, Parasitoids, Entomopathogenic and Parasitic Nematodes) in Slovenia: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7468
Author(s):  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Žiga Laznik ◽  
Tanja Bohinc
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Beneficial Organisms

This paper provides the first detailed presentation of research and professional activities in the field of biological control in Slovenia during the period of 1990–2020. It presents information on the important pioneering role of Prof. Dr. Lea Milevoj in biological control research in Slovenia, especially in regard to the inventorying and laboratory rearing of indigenous beneficial organisms, evaluation of the influence of food type on the feeding behaviour of beneficial organisms, participation in the first introduction of a natural enemy within the context of classical biological control in Slovenia, preparation of rules on the biological control of plant pests and publication of the first Slovenian monograph on biological control. The paper also describes the activities of Slovenian researchers in regard to entomopathogenic nematodes, especially related to the assessment of their presence and efficiency in suppressing harmful insects and the identification of indigenous parasitic nematodes associated with economically harmful slugs. The paper also notes some applicative and basic research projects pertaining to parasitoids, especially in terms of their function as natural enemies of aphids, and in regard to predators of harmful insects and mites, especially predatory mites. The main goal of these activities is to implement the use of as many natural enemies as possible in food and ornamental plant production systems to replace the use of plant protection products.

scholarly journals Toxicity Bacillus thuringiensis-based Bio Insecticide Enriched with Golden Snail Meat Flour Against Worker and Soldier Castes of Coptotermes Curvignathus (Isoptera: Termitidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Yulia Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Worker Caste

Subterrane an termites Coptotermes curvignathus are important pests in plantation crops, especially rubber and oil palm. Biological control using entomo pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is safe and eco-friendly. The aim of study was to investigate production of B. thuringiensis propagated in media of coconut water and rice washed water enriched with golden snail meat flour as well as its toxicity to soldier caste and worker termites. The study was carried out at Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from May to August 2018. The research was arranged with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with addition of golden snail meat flour treatment i.e. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 g respectively and without any meat flour addition in media Nutrient Broth as a control. The highest spore density obtained will be used for bioassays toward worker caste, soldier caste and a mixture of them. The results showed highest spore density was obtained at meat flour addition of 14 g i.e. 5.58 × 107 spores/ml. In toxicity test, it was found that mortality of soldier caste was higher in the treatment without being mixed with worker caste. Many soldiers have large heads with highly modified powerful jaws so enlarged they can not feed themselves. Instead, like juveniles, they are fed by workers.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

scholarly journals Factors influencing the occurrence of fall armyworm parasitoids in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léna Durocher-Granger ◽  
Tibonge Mfune ◽  
Monde Musesha ◽  
Alyssa Lowry ◽  
Kathryn Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Interest In Research

AbstractInvasive alien species have environmental, economic and social impacts, disproportionally threatening livelihood and food security of smallholder farmers in low- and medium-income countries. Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), an invasive insect pest from the Americas, causes considerable losses on maize to smallholder farmers in Africa since 2016. The increased use of pesticides to control FAW in Africa raises concerns for health and environmental risks resulting in a growing interest in research on biological control options for smallholder farmers. In order to evaluate the occurrence of local natural enemies attacking FAW, we collected on a weekly basis FAW eggs and larvae during a maize crop cycle in the rainy season of 2018–2019 at four locations in the Lusaka and Central provinces in Zambia. A total of 4373 larvae and 162 egg masses were collected. For each location and date of collection, crop stage, the number of plants checked and amount of damage were recorded to analyse which factors best explain the occurrence of the natural enemy species on maize. Overall parasitism rates from local natural enemies at each location varied between 8.45% and 33.11%. We identified 12 different egg-larval, larval and larval-pupal parasitoid species. Location, maize growth stage, pest density and larval stage significantly affected parasitoid species occurrence. Our findings indicate that there is potential for increasing local populations of natural enemies of FAW through conservation biological control programmes and develop safe and practical control methods for smallholder farmers.

Biological Control by Natural Enemies

Soil Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
FRED C. SWIFT
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies
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