Sedation in the post-anaesthesia care unit

Background. Post-anaesthetic sedation is a common practice as it pro vides greater comfort and psychological stability for patients. Some spe cialists claim that sedation in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) is applied too seldom due to several reasons. The goal of this study is to evaluate sedation in PACU in several aspects. Materials and methods. A total of 299 patients admitted to the PACU after general, orthopedic-traumatologic or urologic surgical procedures were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients evaluated their qual ity of sleep and the worst intensity of pain experienced in PACU, which was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Nurses evaluated sedation using the Motor Activity Assessment Scale and filled in the questionnaire about the importance of sedation. Results. Statistically significant difference was observed in the quality of sleep between the patients sedated using benzodiazepines and opioids together and non-sedated patients (p = 0.025). There is no considerable difference in the statistics concerning the behavior of the patients. The patients prescribed only with opioids IV or IM, as well as the patients prescribed with opioids together with benzodiazepines, feel less intense pain compared to the non-sedated patients (p = 0.016, p = 0.03). Accord ing to the personnel, sedation is necessary in PACU. Half of them think that patients prescribed with opioids need additional sedation. Conclusions. Sedation is necessary in PACU. This fact is evident in the statistically significant difference of comfort factors among the patients as well as in the opinion of the nursing personnel that spend most of the time communicating and caring about the comfort of the patients.

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A Case Report on a Patient Treated with Combined Korean Medicine for Chronic Headache with Digestive Symptoms

The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine ◽

10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 923-90

Author(s):

Gyu-cheol Choi ◽

Ji-eun Bae ◽

Jae-won Park ◽

Dong-jin Kim ◽

Jeong-su Hong

Keyword(s):

Medical Treatment ◽

Chronic Headache ◽

Impact Test ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Headache Impact

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of combined Korean medical treatment on chronic headache with digestive symptoms.Methods: We collected data from October to December 2020 and evaluated the efficacy of combined Korean medical treatment using the Korean Headache Impact Test-g (KHIT-6), European Quality of Life Five Dimensions (EQ5D) Scale, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at admission, after two weeks of hospitalization, and on discharge.Results: At the end of treatment, the patient had increased EQ5D and reduced KHIT-6 and NRS scores.Conclusions: After the combined Korean medical treatment, the patient showed improvement, suggesting the efficacy of treatment.

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Consumptive Disease and Chronic Fatigue Improved by Nokyonggunbi-tang and Other Korean Medical Treatments: A Case Report

The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine ◽

10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 738-745

Author(s):

Mu-jin Park ◽

So-ri Jin ◽

Eun-jae Oh ◽

Woo-sub Song ◽

Hyun-seok Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Fatigue Severity ◽

Neck Disability

Objective: This study investigated the efficacy of using Nokyonggunbi-tang and other Korean medical treatments for a patient with consumptive disease and chronic fatigue.Methods: A 59-year-old female patient with fatigue, headache, dizziness, and neck pain due to consumptive disease and chronic fatigue was treated with herbal medicine (Nokyonggunbi-tang), together with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, cupping, and chuna manual therapy, for 22 days. The treatment effects on the pain were evaluated using the scores for the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), European Quality of Life Five Dimensions (EQ-5d) Scale, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).Results: Following treatment, the patient showed a decrease in the FSS, NDI, and NRS scores and an improvement in the EQ-5d score.Conclusions: Nokyonggunbi-tang and Korean medical treatment significantly improved fatigue symptoms in a patient with no substrate disease.

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Assessment of pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy

Journal of Child Health Care ◽

10.1177/1367493519864751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 483-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ilknur Albayrak ◽

Ayten Biber ◽

Ahmet Çalışkan ◽

Funda Levendoglu

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Care Burden ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Depression Level ◽

Pain Care

The aim of this study were to evaluate pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life (QoL) among a group of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare their results with a group of healthy controls. The study involved 101 mothers who had children with CP and 67 mothers who had a healthy child as the control group. Pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and QoL of all the participants were evaluated by the numerical rating scale, the Zarit care burden scale (ZCBS), the beck depression inventory (BDI), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the checklist individual strength (CIS) and the short form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Numerical rating scale value was 3.57 ± 2.96 in the patient group. When the two groups were compared, the CP group showed higher scores for ZCBS, BDI, PSQI, total CIS and SF-36 subscales of general health and vitality whereas the scores for role physical, role emotional, mental health and mental component summary were found to be lower in the patients, compared to the control group. Reducing caregiving burden of the mothers’ by other family members and increasing psychosocial supports may help improve the mother’s health status.

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The Development of the Mymop Pictorial Version

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/aim.22.2.68 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 68-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anthony Day

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Complementary Therapies ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Life Instrument ◽

Numerical Rating

The MYMOP is a well accepted quality of life instrument that is particularly suitable for assessing the effect of complementary therapies; however, some groups of patients find it difficult to use. A pictorial version was developed using faces instead of the numerical rating scale – it is called MYMOP pictorial. This version appears to be more acceptable to patients but has not been formally validated.

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Radial extarcorporeal shock waves: therapeutic myofascial protocol

Journal of Advanced Health Care ◽

10.36017/jahc2107-001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Barassi Giovanni ◽

Guglielmi Vito ◽

Della Rovere Franco ◽

Di Iulio Antonella ◽

Licameli Marco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shock Waves ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Trigger Points ◽

Upper Trapezius ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Base Of Support

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of radial shock waves in myofascial upper trapezius syndrome following the global treatment scheme of key trigger points. Materials and methods 26 patients treated with rESWT (Radial shock wave therapy) after a global postural and myofascial assessment of the patient and the identification of the key trigger points. At the end of the treatment each subject was re-evaluated through the Numerical Rating Scale - NRS and through the examination with Electronic Baropodometer. In this study, we compared the values of NRS and the values of postural biometrics before and after 2 sessions of rESWT, and a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in all measurements emerged in the values measured with NRS. In the static percentage load, a statistically significant reduction in the percentage load differences (right / left) (P <0.05) was observed in all three evaluation moments (T0, T1, T2). The percentage and statistically significant improvement (P <0.05) were recorded at time T2 in the surface of the ellipse. Greater control of balance and greater awareness of the base of support was found in the calculation of the sway path, in particular with closed eyes. Based on this experience, the use of radial shock waves in pathologies related to myofascial pain with postural implications would be desirable.

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Kambin’s Triangle Approach versus Traditional Safe Triangle Approach for Percutaneous Transforaminal Epidural Adhesiolysis Using an Inflatable Balloon Catheter: A Pilot Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111996 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1996

Author(s):

Gil ◽

Jeong ◽

Cho ◽

Choi ◽

Nahm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Oswestry Disability Index ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Balloon Catheter ◽

Epidural Block ◽

Common Condition ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Numerical Rating

Spinal stenosis is a common condition in elderly individuals. Many patients are unresponsive to the conventional treatment. If the transforaminal epidural block does not exert a sufficient treatment effect, percutaneous transforaminal epidural adhesiolysis (PTFA) through the safe-triangle approach using an inflatable balloon catheter can reduce the patients’ pain and improve their functional capacity. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Kambin’s-triangle approach for PTFA using an inflatable balloon catheter and compare this approach to the traditional safe-triangle approach. Thirty patients with chronic unilateral L5 radiculopathy were divided into two groups: the safe-triangle-approach and Kambin’s-triangle-approach groups, with 15 patients each. The success rate of the procedure was assessed. Pain and dysfunction were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry Disability Index, respectively, before the procedure and at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. The success rate of the procedure was high in both the groups, with no significant difference between the groups. The Numerical Rating Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores significantly decreased 3 months after the procedure in both the groups, with no significant difference between the groups. For patients in whom the safe-triangle approach for PTFA is difficult, the Kambin’s-triangle approach could be an alternative.

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Effect of Premedication with Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Post-Endodontic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201801786 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 254-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adrian Camargo Amaral Jorge-Araújo ◽

Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi ◽

Flares Baratto-Filho ◽

Fábio André Santos ◽

Márcia Thaís Pochapski

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Rescue Medication ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract In spite of advances in root canal therapy and better knowledge of pulpal and periapical inflammation, up 40% of endodontic patients report varying degrees of pain. The aim of this present study was to compare the effect of single preoperative dose of ibuprofen or dexamethasone on post-endodontic pain. Sixty volunteers were divided into three groups (n=20 per group): PL, placebo; IB, 400 mg of ibuprofen; and DE, 8 mg of dexamethasone. The primary outcome was the post-endodontic pain intensity measured with a numerical rating scale (4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). Secondary outcomes included number of anesthetic cartridges used and consumption of rescue medication. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There was no significant difference among groups (p>0.05) considering the pain intensity. Only 37% of IB group patients and 28% of DE group patients used some rescue medication. On the other hand, 74% of PL group patients mentioned the consumption of rescue medication; PL group had a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in comparison with IB and DE groups. The number of anesthetic cartridges used had no statistically significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). Significant differences were not found in the reduction of pain intensity and the number of anesthetic cartridges used. Considering the consumption of rescue medication (secondary outcome), preoperative administration of Ibuprofen or dexamethasone reduces post-endodontic pain and discomfort in comparison with a placebo. Premedication with anti-inflammatory drugs drugs could be contributed to control of the post-endodontic pain, mainly in patients more sensible for pain.

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Can Naloxegol Therapy Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Cancer?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5736

Author(s):

Rita Ostan ◽

Giuseppe Gambino ◽

Italo Malavasi ◽

Gianluca Ronga ◽

Maria Solipaca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Advanced Cancer ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Bowel Function ◽

Advanced Cancer Patients ◽

Background Pain ◽

Bowel Movements ◽

Numerical Rating

This observational study aims to evaluate the efficacy of naloxegol therapy in resolving opioid-induced constipation (OIC) and in improving the quality of life in a home palliative care cancer setting. Advanced cancer patients with OIC (Rome IV criteria) not relieved by laxatives started a naloxegol therapy 25 mg/day for 4 weeks. Quality of life was evaluated by Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality-of-Life (PAC-QoL) at day 0 and day 28; background pain by Numerical Rating Scale, number of weekly spontaneous bowel movements and Bowel Function Index (BFI) were evaluated at day 0 and every week. Seventy-eight patients who completed the 4-week study improved all four PAC-QoL dimensions (physical and psychological discomfort, worries/concerns and satisfaction level). Weekly spontaneous bowel movements increased and BFI improved. Background pain reduced after seven days and remained lower during the following weeks. Seventy-two patients dropped out the study before day 28 with a reduced survival compared to patients completing the study. Even in these patients, an improvement of bowel function was observed after two weeks. Naloxegol was effective in improving the quality of life, resolving OIC and reducing overall pain in patients with advanced cancer.

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Three Cases of Insomnia in Herniated Intervertebral Disk Patients Treated with Uhwangchungsim-won

The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine ◽

10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 767-776

Author(s):

Ji-eun Bae ◽

Gyu-cheol Choi ◽

Jae-won Park ◽

Dong-jin Kim ◽

Jeong-su Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Intervertebral Disk ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Intervertebral Disks ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Medical Therapies

Objective: This study examined a case in which insomnia and pain due to herniated intervertebral disks were improved by treatment with an oriental herbal and the administration of Uhwangchungsim-won.Case Summary: Three patients with insomnia diagnosed with herniated intervertebral disks were treated with a series of Korean medical therapies, including the herbal medication Uhwangchungsim-won, acupuncture, herbal acupuncture, and physical therapy. We used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure subjective sleep states and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions (EQ-5d) Scale to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Following treatment, subjective sleep states and the overall scores for pain had improved.Conclusion: The results indicate that Korean medical therapies with Uhwangchungsim-won have beneficial effects on insomnia for patients with herniated intervertebral disks.

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Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Patch for the Management of Acute and Chronic Osteoarticular Pain

10.47363/jmhc/2020(2)129 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Gaetana Rizzi ◽

◽

Carlo Braga ◽

Alessandro Corsi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Therapy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Topical Product ◽

Numerical Rating

Pain is a symptom common to many pathological conditions that can affect all age groups, with greater incidence among adults and the elderly. It is an important clinical, social and economic aspect of all ages and has a negative impact on the quality of life. Pain therapy, also called antalgic therapy or pain medicine, aims to identify, evaluate and treat acute and/or chronic pain. The objective of this observational study is to evaluate the effect of the ”Tecnologia DUKTOR ionoattiva” iPatchMed ZeroDol patch in reducing in the short-term painful symptoms in case of local acute and chronic inflammatory states. The patch is a topical product to be applied on the affected area in order to create a hydro-active environment. The mechanism of action consists in the generation of micro-currents and micro-electromagnetic fields that promote ion exchange and the passage of micro-currents in the cutaneous tissues, increasing the use of oxygen by the cells and the restoration of the cell membrane. This results in both cellular reinvigoration and a high antalgic effect.This single-arm monocentric investigation has 50 subjects with acute and chronic pain.The pain measurement was recorded through the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at selected time points: at baseline (T0) and after 2, 8 and 24 hours. The use of the ”Tecnologia DUKTOR ionoattiva” iPatchMed ZeroDol patch significantly promotes a decrease in acute and chronic pain; furthermore, no adverse effects were recorded, thus demonstrating that the medical device is optimally tolerated.

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