scholarly journals Manuscripts of Requiem by foreign composers in the Vilnius libraries’ funds: an overview of 19th – beginning of 20th century sources

Menotyra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima Budzinauskienė
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Reading Room ◽  
National Library ◽  
Dramatic Character ◽  
Type Form ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Missa Pro Defunctis ◽  
The 19Th Century

Among numerous genres of sacred music (such as chorales, hymns, motets, masses, etc.), Requiem, or otherwise Missa pro defunctis, Missa defunctorum (Mass for the Deceased) stands out. It is the Mass for the Deceased, corresponding to the Roman Catholic Missal, that is celebrated mainly during the funeral. Over time, Requiem has become a vocal-instrumental genre, a composition associated with the theme of death and mourning. In the 19th century, two principal forms of the genre of Requiem co-existed: a proud, concert-type form, heavily influenced by secular music, and a more modest, reserved, and more “traditional” liturgical one. The latter was smaller in scope, written for a more modest composition of performers in a simpler music language and of a non-dramatic character. The development of the liturgical Requiem over the period in question was largely affected by the Cecilian Movement, active also in Lithuania. True, it is also possible to discuss an intermediate link between the concert and the liturgical types of Requiem – a concert-type vocal-instrumental Requiem, which could also be performed in liturgy. The paper focuses on the manuscripts of the Requiem compositions re-written in the 19th century that were once performed in churches of Vilnius and other cities of Lithuania and currently are stored in in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Reading Room of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania and in the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius University Library. These are copies of the Requiem compositions by the following authors: Gioacchino Albertini (1748–1812), Josef Becher (1821–1888), Luigi Cherubini (1760–1842), Max Filke (1855–1911), Joseph Gruber (1855–1933), Lambert Kraus (1728–1790), Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792), and Johann Baptist Schiedermayr (1779–1840).

scholarly journals The A.-Z. Validi National Library of the Republic of Bashkortostan — the Beginning of History

2011 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Rimma A. Gilmiyanova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Research Library ◽  
National Library ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the development of the first public libraries in Ufa in the 19th century including Republican Research Library, which became predecessors of the National library of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

scholarly journals The development of Turkic studies at Vilnius University

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Galina Miškinienė
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

Institute of the Lithuanian Language At the beginning of the 19th century, the financial possibility to establish a department of Eastern languages at one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe, Vilnius University, appeared. Turkish was among the Eastern languages that were expected to be taught. The intensive preparation of lecturers was started. Unfortunately, the ambitious plans were destined to never become reality; in 1832 the university was closed. Nevertheless, over the following two centuries the Turkic direction did not disappear; in one form or another it surfaced and retained its vitality. There was a sympathetic environment: Tartars and Karaims—both Turkic ethnic groups—began settling in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century. Vilnius University was the cradle of many famous Orientalists who maintained Turkic research by their activities. In such a way, two main research subjects appeared: Kitabistik and the Karaim language. In this article, the origin problems, development and prospects of Turkic research will be examined.

Հոգևոր մոնոդիան հայ կոմպոզիտորական արվեստում․Հարո Ստեփանյանի առաջին սիմֆոնիան

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Original Theme ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Music Tradition

Հայ հոգևոր երգաստեղծության նմուշները կոմպոզիտորական ստեղծագործության նյութ են դարձել դեռևս XIX դարավերջին։ Հոգևոր մոնոդիայի մուտքը հետկոմիտասյան շրջանի հայ կոմպոզիտորական արվեստ տեղի ունեցավ 1944 թ.․ նորարարական գաղափարի հեղինակը Հարո Ստեփանյանն էր, որն իր Առաջին սիմֆոնիայում ներառեց «Այսօր ժողովեալ» շարականի թեման։ Սույն հոդվածում քննվում են՝ ա․ Հ․ Ստեփանյանի Առաջին սիմֆոնիայում մոնոդիայի գործածման կերպը և զարգացման սկզբունքները, բ․․ շարականի և օրիգինալ թեմատիզմի հարաբերակցությունը ստեղծագործության երաժշտական հորինվածքում, գ․ մոնոդիայի դերն ու նշանակությունը երկի երաժշտական դրամատուրգիայում։ The samples of the Armenian Sacred music tradition became the subject of musical composition at the end of the 19th century. The sacred monody entered into the Armenian composing art of the post-Komitas era in 1944. The author of the innovative idea was Haro Stepanyan, who included the melodic theme of the “Aysōr žōłōveal” šarakan in his First Symphony. This article examines: a) the manner of usage of the monody and the principles of its development in H. Stepanyan’s First Symphony; b) the correlation between the šarakan and the original theme in the musical composition; c) the role and the importance of the monody in the musical dramaturgy of the artwork.

scholarly journals Organ building in Lithuania in the 19th century

Menotyra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Gučas
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Organ Building ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The 19Th Century

For Lithuania, the 19th century was marked by the symbol of the Russian Empire – Lithuania became a province of a foreign empire. Farming suffered a severe general downturn. As the Church’s powers began to be restricted, there was almost no opportunity for new significant instruments to emerge. The monasteries, which until then had been the initiators of the best organ building, were closed. Eastern Catholic (Unitarian) churches, which also had organs in Lithuania, became part of the Russian Orthodox Church, and the organs were ordered to be liquidated. The Catholic Church itself, unlike evangelicals, also had little regard for music and especially for organ matters. From the beginning of the 15th century, the development of Lithuanian organ culture was closely associated with Königsberg. Once the import customs were imposed, significant contacts which had taken place almost disappeared. The industrial revolution in Lithuania was delayed, and for half a century small artisan workshops still prevailed. Almost exclusively small, single-manual organs without pedals or positives were built. A large three-manual organ at Vilnius University St John’s Church was rather an exception. It was built by the Tiedemanns. This family, which originated in East Prussia, worked in the Baltic States throughout the first half of the 19th century. Only in the middle of the century did the new European organ building trend, the so-called organ romanticism, reach Lithuania. A particularly important role in this period was played by the experience of organ building of the neighbouring Curonia. Very few impressive examples were created, and in this respect Lithuania is hardly able to compete with the major countries of Central Europe. Lithuania is characterized by the fact that in the 19th century local masters and companies ( J. Rudavičius, M. Masalskis, F. Ostromensky), as well as masters from neighbouring Curonia (Herrmann, Weissenborn) and Poland (Blomberg) worked there. In western Lithuania, then part of Prussia, Terletzki was active. Meanwhile, large factories (Walcker, Rieger) reached Lithuania only in the first half of the twentieth century and only in a few instances. At that time, more work started to be focusing on the construction of two-manual with pedal instruments. At the end of the century, J. Rudavicius built some three-manual organs. His 63-stop organ built in 1896 for a long time was the largest in Lithuania. Although the 19th century Lithuanian organs are relatively modest compared to other countries, they have the value that is only growing in the context of present-day Europe, since the “progressive ideology” of more economically powerful European countries affected the art of organ building and few small romantic instruments are left.

scholarly journals XIX-wieczne czytelnie krakowskich Żydów postępowych

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Reading Room ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Merchant

The article discusses activities of two Reading Rooms which were created in the milieu of the progressive Jews in Krakow, Galicia in the 19th century: The Israelite Reading Room (1871) and The Reading Room of the Jewish Merchant Youth (1882). Both Reading Rooms fostered not only readership but also social integration, education, and became centers of Polish patriotism. They contributed to the development of Jewish publish libraries.  

scholarly journals Professional publishing and Lithuanian books in the first two-thirds of the 19th century in Lithuania: The case of the Zawadzki firm

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Aušra Navickienė
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Professional Publishing ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Textbook Publishing ◽  
The 19Th Century

Successfully profiting from textbook publishing as the typographer at Vilnius University, Józef Zawadzki (1781‒1838) established one of the most important and most successful book publishing, production, and distribution companies of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in the territories of former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealt. The Zawadzki firm represented the new category of professional publishers. Over the first seventy years of the firm’s existence at the firm’s expense were published 122 Lithuanian books, as well as printed about 50 Lithuanian publications at their authors finances. The attitude of the members of Zawadzki family regarding the publishing of Lithuanian books essentially changed. While the Józef Zawadzki was indifferent towards them, in the middle of the 19th century Adam Zawadzki (1814‒1875) outcompeted other professional book publishers and distributors, and monopolized the publishing of Lithuanian books in the Samogitian Diocese, becoming not only the most important publisher of Lithuanian books, but also their printer and distributor. The successful realization of Adam Zawadzki’s business plans was partly due to his longstanding contacts with the most active figures of Lithuanian written culture, with whom he maintained a new form of cooperation based on authorial royalties, partly due effectively distribution of published matter, using first stationary bookstore in the periphery, located in the west of Lithuania (which served as a retail and wholesale trade enterprise), various ways of non-stationary book trade, services of a commercial library and advertising. Owing to Adam’s efforts, the Zawadzki firm made a significant contribution uniting main forces of authors and publishers of Lithuanian books in 19th century Lithuania, renewing the repertoire of Lithuanian books, as well as giving Lithuanian book publishing, production and distribution features characteristic for a modern business. A model of dealing with censorship through illegal publishing, developed with the publication Apej brostwą błaiwistes arba nusiturieima, was used throughout all the forty years of the press ban and helped raising several generations of literate Lithuanians and bringing Lithuania and Lithuania Minor closer together. 

Interpretations of Dante’s Esotericism in the Italian and French Studies in the Middle of the Nineteenth and the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-105
Author(s):  
Medovarov M.V. Medovarov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Western Esotericism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Continuous Chain

This article has a historiographic and methodological nature and is devoted to the problematic interpretations of the esoteric content of Dante’s ideas and works by French and Italian scholars from the middle of the nineteenth century to the second half of the twentieth century. Various definitions of Western esotericism are discussed in the light of contemporary approaches. The current interest in the study of Dante’s esotericism and the relevance of this topic are substantiated. The tradition in the interpretation of Dante's esotericism in Italy and France can be traced back to the occultists of the 19th century, who referred to each other's works: G. Rossetti, E. Arou, F. Boissard, J. Péladant, G. Pascoli and others. It has been demonstrated that the studies of Dante's esotericism during 1920s reached a new level of quality, which was adequate to the contemporary scientific requirements for Dante studies: in Italy, this happened in the person of Luigi Valli and his students, Arturo Reghini and then Julius Evola; and in France, at the same time, in the person of René Guénon. The criticism of Valli in the works by Guénon is analyzed in detail. The context of Dante's interpretation by Guénon is revealed in connection with the issue of Templar, Rosicrucian and Islamic influences (Sufism, Arab Neoplatonism). In this respect, a significant difference of tones was observed in the perception of Dante's esotericism within the general paradigm of integral traditionalism between Guénon and his Italian colleagues Julius Evola and especially Guido de Giorgio, whose fundamental work is still unknown to Russian scholars. An intense politicization of the perception of Dante's heritage by Evola and de Giorgio is also remarked in this article. Special attention is then paid to the study of Dante's esotericism by one of the leading Roman Catholic theologian of the twentieth century, Romano Guardini, who engaged a polemic correspondence with the integral traditionalists. Based on the results of our study, it was concluded that the research of Dante's esotericism by French and Italian authors for more than a hundred years can be characterized as a continuous chain of dialogue and polemics of various authors who knew about each other's works and used the appropriate links.

Graf Johann Mailáths „österreichischer“ Briefwechsel.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Tamássy-Lénárt
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
National Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe present paper deals with the correspondence of Count Johann Mailáth, a supranational go-between in the first half of the 19th century. The essay is a stocktaking of Mailáth's letters, they are collected in the Austrian National Library and the Vienna City Library. The author of the article would like to show that 1) Count Mailáth can be seen as a multiple “Grenzgänger” between communication spaces, languages and genres and 2) that the analysis of his multilingual and multiethnic network can determine several turning points in his writing career. The aim of the contribution is to supplement the previously known biography of the author and to define epochal boundaries in his oeuvre.

scholarly journals Nervų ligų diagnostika ir gydymas XIX a. pr. Vilniaus imperatoriškojo universiteto klinikose Diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases at the beginning of the 19th century in Vilnius university clinics

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (78) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
E. Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė ◽  
G. Motiejūnas ◽  
D. Jatužis
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Praktiniai įgūdžiai istoriškai buvo ir šiandien tebėra svarbūs tokiose profesijose kaip metalo ir stiklo apdirbimas, laikrodžių ir įrankių gamyba, pastatų, laivų statyba. Gydytojas, norėdamas tinkamai diagnozuoti ligą ir pagydyti ligonį, taip pat turi būti įgavęs tam tikrų praktinių įgūdžių. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiamos medicinos studentų mokymo prie ligonio lovos ištakos, Vilniaus imperatoriškojo universiteto (VU) Terapijos klinikos gimimas, pateikiami statistiniai gydytų ligonių duomenys, ligų diagnostika ir gydymas XIX a. pr. Vilniuje, daugiausiai dėmesio skiriant nervų ligoms. Nustatėme, kad VU klinikose buvo vertinami antropometriniai, morfometriniai duomenys, somatinė ligonio būklė (kvėpavimas, pulsas, dubens organų funkcija, mityba) ir atliekama tai, ką galėtume pavadinti neurologinės apžiūros ištakomis: vertinta reakcija į skausmą, vyzdžių reakcija į šviesą, galūnių padėtis ir judesiai, raumenų būklė, bendrieji ir specialieji jutimai (paviršinis jutimas, rega, klausa, uoslė, skonis). Siekiant ligonio klinikinę diagnozę patvirtinti post mortem, VU klinikose atliktos mirusių ligonių autopsijos. Nors Vilniuje, kaip ir daugelyje Vakarų Europos klinikų, ligos priežasčių ieškota vidaus organuose (solidizmo teorijos įtaka), ligonių autopsijos ir makroskopiniai tyrimai (kurių dažniausi radiniai – kraujo priplūdimas galvos ir nugaros smegenyse, dangaluose ir kraujagyslėse) tik patvirtino dar iš Antikos laikų atėjusią Hipokrato keturių organizmo skysčių disbalanso, uždegiminių nervų ligų patogenezės teoriją. Palyginę mūsų turimus duomenis su to meto klinikinės medicinos situacija Vakarų Europoje, nustatėme, kad nervų ligų diagnostikos ir gydymo XIX a. pr. Vilniuje lygis atitiko to meto Vakarų Europos lygį.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document