Fish pepsin: basic characteristics, extraction, determination and biotechnological applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Vagne De Melo Oliveira ◽  
Ranilson De Souza Bezerra ◽  
Caio Rodrigo Dias Assis
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Fish Viscera ◽  
Enzyme Targeting ◽  
Optimal Ph

Enzyme technology has been employed in various segments of the industry, food production and consumer goods. Fish viscera are potential sources of proteins with enzymatic properties appreciable in this market. Among them, pepsin (EC 3.4.23.x) deserves special attention. The active enzyme has at least five isoforms which are precursor groups of pepsins type: A, B, and F, gastricsin and chymosin. Their zymogen (pepsinogen) is activated by autocatalysis at acidic pH in stomach. Hemoglobin is their specific substrate. Features like optimal pH and temperature vary according to species and even within the same species may be found different values. The molecular weight also varies according to species and is generally between 25 and 35 kDa. The protocols for extraction and determination of pepsin fish follow a line of standardization, varying concentrations of analysis. These data are basic steps to detect the presence of the enzyme targeting a future purification process for its effective biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals An optimized purification process for porcine gastric mucin with preservation of its native functional properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. 44932-44943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika J. Schömig ◽  
Benjamin T. Käsdorf ◽  
Christoph Scholz ◽  
Konstantinia Bidmon ◽  
Oliver Lieleg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Gastric Mucin ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Porcine Gastric Mucin

The purification of porcine gastric mucin was optimized and key properties such as gel formation at acidic pH, lubrication behavior and interactions of mucins with charged molecules were preserved.

Periventricular Intraparenchymal Echodensities in the Premature Newborn: Critical Determinant of Neurologic Outcome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Franco Guzzetta ◽  
Gary D. Shackelford ◽  
Sara Volpe ◽  
Jeffrey M. Perlman ◽  
Joseph J. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Controversy exists concerning the degree of importance of periventricular intraparenchymal echodensities (IPE) observed on neonatal ultrasound scans in the determination of subsequent neurologic disability in premature infants. In this report, IPE was studied in 75 infants weighing less than 2,000 g at birth to determine the basic characteristics of the lesion, the likely pathogenesis, the outcome, and the aspects of the ultrasonographic appearance in the acute period of neonatal illness that are important for prediction of outcome. IPE was defined as any periventricular echodensity greater than 1 cm in at least one dimension. IPE was strikingly associated with large areas of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (81% of cases). IPE was distinctly asymmetric. Thus, the lesion was either exclusively unilateral (67%) or bilateral with marked predominance on one side. The associated IVH was asymmetric in approximately 80% of cases, and in all 50 cases of large asymmetric IVH, IPE occurred on the same side as the larger amount of intraventricular blood. Moreover, more than 50% of such cases of IPE associated with large asymmetric IVH were progressive. Neuropathologic correlation showed that IPE represented hemorrhagic necrosis of periventricular tissue. Concerning pathogenesis, these data raise the possibility that large asymmetric IVH is related etiologically to IPE. Outcome varied with the severity of the IPE. Thus, the mortality rate among the 38 infants with extensive IPE was 79%. Of the survivors with extensive IPE, all had subsequent major motor deficits and all but one exhibited cognitive function less than 80% of normal. Among the 37 infants with localized IPE, the mortality rate was 38%. Of the survivors, although 79% had major motor deficits, 43% had cognitive function greater than 80% of normal. Thus, the findings demonstrate that with extensive IPE there is little or no chance for survival with normal neurologic and cognitive outcome, but with localized IPE, although major motor deficits are common, an appreciable proportion of infants have cognitive function in the normal range. Careful, quantitative assessment of the ultrasonographic features of IPE in the acute period of illness in the premature infant is of major value in estimating outcome.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Grown on Modified PAN Nanofiber Mats

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Sabantina ◽  
Franziska Kinzel ◽  
Thomas Hauser ◽  
Astrid Többer ◽  
Michaela Klöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Pan Nanofiber

Pleurotus ostreatus is a well-known edible mushroom species which shows fast growth. The fungus can be used for medical, nutritional, filter, or packaging purposes. In this study, cultivation experiments were carried out with Pleurotus ostreatus growing on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats in the presence of saccharose and Lutrol F68. The aim of this study was to find out whether modified PAN nanofiber mats are well suited for the growth of fungal mycelium, to increase growth rates and to affect mycelium fiber morphologies. Our results show that Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows on nanofiber mats in different morphologies, depending on the specific substrate, and can be used to produce a composite from fungal mycelium and nanofiber mats for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Field Determination of the Specific Input Characteristics to Calculate the Value of C Factor of Time-variable Crops for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakubíková Alena ◽  
Tippl Miloslav Janeček and Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Specific Input ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Fall Height

To determine specific characteristics necessary for the computation of the C factor in RUSLE for timevariable crops, measurements were carried out in fields with selected agricultural crops grown by conventional practices. Sloping plots on an experimental area in Třebsin locality and farm fields were used to measure surface runoff and soil loss by erosion in conditions of natural and simulated rainfall. Basic characteristics to compute the C factor were determined in the particular growth phases of selected crops – sunflower, flax, poppy and rape. Effective root mass, canopy cover and fall height of rain drops were measured.

scholarly journals Prospects of fluorescence methods application for monitoring of cyanobacterial cultures in biotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Grigoryeva ◽  
Anna A. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Methods ◽  
On Line ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that possess a high potential for innovative applications in agriculture, food production, cosmeticals, wastewater remediation, biofuels, antioxidative enzymes production, etc. During the industrial cultivation of cyanobacteria several parameters as growth rate, physiological state and algological purity of the culture should be controled permanently. One of the methods that can provide on-line monitoring of cyanobacterial cultures and further process automatization is a fluorescence spectroscopy. In this work several fluorescence techniques are analysed and their possible adaptation for biotechnological applications is suggested.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Maroteaux—Lamy syndrome by the use of radiolabelled oligosaccharides as substrates for the determination of arylsulphatase B activity

1986 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Hopwood ◽  
H Elliott ◽  
V J Muller ◽  
G T P Saccone
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Cultured Skin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Physiological Substrates

The kinetic parameters (Km and V) of human arylsulphatase B (4-sulpho-N-acetylgalactosamine sulphatase) activity in cultured skin fibroblasts were determined with a variety of substrates matching structural aspects of the physiological substrates in vivo chondroitin 4-sulphate and dermatan sulphate. More structurally complex substrates, in which several aspects of the aglycone structure of the natural substrate were maintained, were desulphated up to 4400 times faster than the minimum arylsulphatase-B-specific substrate, namely the monosaccharide N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate. Aglycone structures that influence substrate binding and/or enzyme activity were an adjacent-residue C-6 carboxy group and a second but internal N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate residue. Arylsulphatase B activity in fibroblast homogenates assayed with O-(beta-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate)-(1→)-O-D-(beta-glucuronic acid)-(1→3)-O-D-N-acetyl[1-3H] galactosaminitol 4-sulphate derived from chondroitin 4-sulphate as substrate clearly distinguished Maroteaux-Lamy-syndrome patients from normal controls and other mucopolysaccharidosis patients. We recommend the use of the above trisaccharide substrate for both postnatal and prenatal diagnosis of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome.

Optimized Determination of γ-Glutamyltransferase by Reaction-Rate Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney B Rosalki ◽  
David Tarlow
Keyword(s):  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Reactions ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Acid Substrate ◽  
Incubation Buffer ◽  
Optimal Ph

Abstract We describe a method for measuring γ-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity in serum, which can be used with automated enzyme analyzers (such as the LKB 8600 Reaction Rate Analyzer) that require enzyme reactions to be initiated with substrate. The method also permits optimal determination conditions to be obtained at 37 °C. The enzymatic reaction is commenced by adding γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid to samples pre-incubated with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane—glycylglycine buffer. The p-nitroaniline liberated is continously monitored at 37 °C at 405 nm. The pH of the pre-incubation buffer is such that the optimal pH for the enzyme reaction results from addition of the acid substrate solution.

scholarly journals The Isotope Array, a New Tool That Employs Substrate-Mediated Labeling of rRNA for Determination of Microbial Community Structure and Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6875-6887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Adamczyk ◽  
Martin Hesselsoe ◽  
Niels Iversen ◽  
Matthias Horn ◽  
Angelika Lehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Fluorescence Labeling ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Microarray Hybridization ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT A new microarray method, the isotope array approach, for identifying microorganisms which consume a 14C-labeled substrate within complex microbial communities was developed. Experiments were performed with a small microarray consisting of oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16S rRNA of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Total RNA was extracted from a pure culture of Nitrosomonas eutropha grown in the presence of [14C]bicarbonate. After fluorescence labeling of the RNA and microarray hybridization, scanning of all probe spots for fluorescence and radioactivity revealed that specific signals were obtained and that the incorporation of 14C into rRNA could be detected unambiguously. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate the suitability of the isotope array approach for monitoring community composition and CO2 fixation activity of AOB in two nitrifying activated-sludge samples which were incubated with [14C]bicarbonate for up to 26 h. AOB community structure in the activated-sludge samples, as predicted by the microarray hybridization pattern, was confirmed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative amoA sequence analyses. CO2 fixation activities of the AOB populations within the complex activated-sludge communities were detectable on the microarray by 14C incorporation and were confirmed independently by combining FISH and microautoradiography. AOB rRNA from activated sludge incubated with radioactive bicarbonate in the presence of allylthiourea as an inhibitor of AOB activity showed no incorporation of 14C and thus was not detectable on the radioactivity scans of the microarray. These results suggest that the isotope array can be used in a PCR-independent manner to exploit the high parallelism and discriminatory power of microarrays for the direct identification of microorganisms which consume a specific substrate in the environment.

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