scholarly journals Redefiniendo el Trabajo Social: nuevos yacimimientos de empleo en el envejecimiento. Una propuesta desde la intervención social

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Cristina Díaz Román ◽  
Mª del Carmen Martín Cano ◽  
Yolanda María De la Fuente Robles
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
The One

Nos encontramos en un contexto sociodemográfico en el que aumenta progresivamente el número de personas que necesitan de cuidados, principalmente personas mayores de 65 años, colectivo mayoritario en la actualidad, en España. Ello genera que aparezcan nuevas demandas y expectativas sobre la atención prestada. Esto supone para la intervención social enfrentarse a un gran reto. Hasta el momento, las formas de intervención social y de atención proporcionados por el sistema, no parecen cubrir con plenitud las necesidades emergentes, fundamentalmente por su escasa adaptación a los nuevos contextos sociales y estilos de vida. Socialmente figuras profesionales como la del/ de la asistente personal suponen una inversión provechosa y sostenible en el contexto de la atención y prestación de servicios, puesto que, desde la praxis profesional del Trabajo Social, así como desde el prisma académico o investigador, supone una apuesta para que las personas en situación de dependencia puedan llevar a cabo su proyecto de vida con libertad e independencia. Por ello, en este trabajo se pretende por un lado visibilizar las necesidades percibidas y expresadas por las personas mayores y/o en situación de dependencia, así como sus demandas  y, por otro, definir  una nueva figura profesional conceptualizada como Técnico/a de Autonomía Personal y Prevención de la Dependencia (TAP) que de respuesta a los retos planteados a través de la implementación de las nuevas intervenciones basadas en el paradigma de accesibilidad universal y diseño para todas las personas. We are in a socio-demographic context in which the number of people in need of care, mainly people over the age of 65, a majority collective today, in Spain, is increasing progressively. This leads to new demands and expectations about the attention paid. This means that social intervention is facing a great challenge. So far, the forms of social intervention and care provided by the system do not seem to fully meet emerging needs, mainly because of their poor adaptation to new social contexts and lifestyles.Socially professional figures such as that of the personal assistant represent a profitable and sustainable investment in the context of the care and provision of services, since, from the professional practice of Social Work, as well as from the academic prism or researcher, it is a bet so that people in dependency can carry out their life project with freedom and independence. Therefore, this work aims on the one hand to make visible the needs perceived and expressed by the elderly and/or in a situation of dependence, as well as their demands and, on the other hand, to define a new professional figure conceptualized as Technical of Personal Autonomy and Prevention of dependency (TAP) that responds to the challenges posed through the implementation of new interventions based on the paradigm of universal accessibility and design for all people.

PENGARUH LATIHAN RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) AKTIF ASSITIF TERHADAP RENTANG GERAK SENDI PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI IMMOBILISASI FISIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Niken Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
Motion Exercise ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Training

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle, that is part of the inevitable life process and will be experienced by every individual. At this stage the individual undergoes many changes both physically and mentally, especially setbacks in various functions and abilities he once had. Preliminary study in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Budhi Luhur Units there are 16 elderly who experience physical immobilization. In the social house has done various activities for the elderly are still active, but the elderly who experienced muscle weakness is not able to follow the exercise, so it needs to do ROM (Range Of Motion) exercise.   Objective: The general purpose of this research is to know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Active Assitif training to increase the range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House of Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta unit Budhi Luhur.   Methode: This study was included in the type of pre-experiment, using the One Group Pretest Posttest design in which the range of motion of the joints before (pretest) and posttest (ROM) was performed  ROM. Subjects in this study were all elderly with impaired physical mobility in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur a number of 14 elderly people. Data analysis in this research use paired sample t-test statistic  Result: The result of this research shows that there is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.  Conclusion: There is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

Diversidad sexual e Intervención Social: reflexiones desde el Trabajo Social

2016 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Azocar González
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Current Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
A Current

RESUMENEl presente artículo es fruto de una investigación de largo alcance que busca generar discusión en torno a los desafíos contemporáneos del Trabajo Social en la construcción de alternativas de intervención social en contextos de diversidad sexual en Chile. La crisis de la norma heterosexual refleja una contemporaneidad marcada por la visibilidad de los grupos históricamente excluidos, reflejo de la sensibilización y cuestionamiento de una masculinidad dominante intrínsecamente exclusora e inalcanzable, como también de procesos de posicionamiento político y cultural de un colectivo presente, pero hasta hace poco invisibilizado, en nuestro país. A través de técnicas etnográficas y la incorporación del concepto de mercado como vehículo de visibilidad, el trabajo propone ideas coherentes con la construcción de una praxis transdisciplinar que responde a la nueva definición de Trabajo Social, en discusión a nivel mundial, como de los procesos de cuestionamiento y mudanza ciudadanos revitalizados en la última década.Palabras clave: Intervención social, diversidad sexual, trabajo social, desafíos. Diversidade sexual e intervenção social: reflexões a partir do Trabalho SocialRESUMOO presente artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa de longo alcance que procura gerar discussão em relação aos desafios contemporâneos do Trabalho Social na construção de alternativas de intervenção social em contextos de diversidade sexual no Chile. A crise da norma heterossexual reflete uma contemporaneidade marcada pela visibilidade dos grupos historicamente excluídos, reflexo da conscientização e questionamento de uma masculinidade dominante intrinsecamente que exclui e que se apresenta como inatingível, bem como processos de posicionamento político e cultural de um coletivo presente, mas até recentemente invisível em nosso país. Através de técnicas etnográficas e incorporação do conceito de mercado como veículo de visibilidade, o trabalho propõe ideias coerentes com a construçãode uma prática transdisciplinar que respondam à nova definição de TrabalhoSocial, discutido mundialmente, como dos processos de questionamento emudança cidadã revitalizados na última década.Palavras-chave: intervenção social, diversidade sexual, trabalho social,desafios. Sexual diversity and social intervention: Reflections fromsocial workABSTRACTThe current article is the result of a wider research that seeks to generatediscussion about the actual challenges of social work in the constructionof alternatives of social intervention on sexual diversity contexts in Chile.The crisis of the heterosexual regulation reflects a contemporaneity markedby the visibility of the historically excluded groups, as a reflection of thesensitivity and questioning of a dominant manhood inherently excluder andunreachable, as political and positioning processes of a current group, butuntil recently hidden in our country. Through ethnographic technics and theincorporation of the concept of market as a vehicle of visibility, this worksproposes ideas coherent with the construction of a cross-curricular praxisthat responds to the new definition of social work, globally discussed, as wellas the questioning processes and citizen movements during last decade.Keywords: Social intervention, sexual diversity, social work, challenges

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Gait Training to Promote Balance and Gait Among Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kyeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Standing Test ◽  
The One

Falls are the leading cause of injury and injury-related death in the elderly. This study evaluated the effect of virtual reality gait training (VRGT) with non-motorized treadmill on balance and gait ability of elderly individuals who had experienced a fall. Fifty-six elderly individuals living in local communities participated in this study. Subjects who met the selection criteria were randomly divided into a VRGT group (n = 28) and a control group (n = 28). The VRGT group received VRGT with non-motorized treadmill for 50 min a day for 4 weeks and 5 days a week. The control group received non-motorized treadmill gait training without virtual reality for the same amount of time as the VRGT group. Before and after the training, the one-leg-standing test, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach test, and Timed Up and Go test were used to assess balance ability, and the gait analyzer system was used to evaluate the improvement in gait spatiotemporal parameters. In the VRGT group, the balance ability variable showed a significant decrease in the one-leg-standing test and a significant improvement in the Timed Up and Go test. With respect to spatiotemporal gait parameters, velocity and step width decreased significantly in the VRGT group (p < 0.05), and stride length and step length were significantly improved in the VRGT group (p < 0.05). VRGT with non-motorized treadmill has been shown to improve balance and gait ability in the elderly. This study is expected to provide basic data on exercise programs for the elderly to prevent falls.

Provision of public services by Slovak local governments - Case study social protection – old age: A supply demand mismatch?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Černěnko ◽  
Klaudia Glittová
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Provision Of Services

The aim of the paper is to describe the supply of public services in the field of social protection - old age (represented by expenditures in group 10, class 2 of COFOG classification) in relation to the demand for these services represented by the population in the age group 62+ related to the size and region of the local government unit. The analysis of supply and demand takes place at the level of individual local governments and the results are then presented in relation to the size of the municipality and the region. Two approaches were used for the analysis. The first focuses on the description of the current situation through the categorization of local governments according to the approach to the provision of services, and the second consists in regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis suggest that the size of the municipality and the region do not play as important a role in terms of access to the provision of the examined services as indicated by the first, descriptive analysis. To find a "pattern" for local authorities to decide on access to services for the elderly, further research will be needed that takes into account several socio-economic indicators.

Experiencia artística en La Araucanía: un espacio de resistencia en la educación desde las voces de sus actores

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Leslie Alarcón Toledo ◽  
Juanita Baeza Lizama ◽  
Ricardo Elgueta Riquelme ◽  
Carolina Manzano Fernández ◽  
Carlos Manzano Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Sistema ◽  
Trabajo Social

Quiero hacer teatro porque me gustaría hacer algo por mí y por los demás; quiero hacer teatro, porque creo que sirve para comunicarse entre los seres humanos, e intentar mejorarse los unos a los otros; porque creo que puede ser un espejo para nosotros mismos, en el cual podríamos apreciar nuestros propios errores y así evitar ciertas injusticias, porque puede ser un camino hacia la comprensión y al entendimiento y porque (…) yo quiero cambiar el mundo. ¡Me encantaría cambiar el mundo! Y creo que todavía se puede cambiar (Extracto película Noviembre) El objetivo de este artículo es abordar elementos presentes en una experiencia artística en contexto educativo, la cual se encuentra situada en una comuna aledaña a la ciudad de Temuco en la región de La Araucanía. En este se abordan reflexiones críticas sobre el sistema educativo chileno y la experiencia artística en contexto educativo, considerada como un espacio de resistencia en el que se originan transformaciones sociales y tensiones entre diversos actores del espacio educativo en torno a dicha experiencia. La metodología, se deriva del proceso de una investigación-acción colaborativa entre estudiantes de trabajo social, artistas y estudiantes del Liceo La Perdiz realizada durante el año 2018, que permitió dar a conocer, en un proceso de reflexión acción, las voces de sus actores. Los resultados permiten revalorizar la experiencia artística como un espacio de resistencia, que configura transformaciones sociales en el ámbito educativo, enfocado en la creación de relaciones posibles y sociales en un clima de convivencia y colaboración. Las conclusiones que se desprenden de este trabajo nos hacen repensar en las acciones interdisciplinarias en los campos educativos, el posicionamiento del arte en la educación y la construcción de nuevas prácticas de acción para el trabajo social crítico, cuestionando su actual acción asistencial.

Theoretical and conceptual issues in the extending working lives agenda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clary Krekula ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Individual Choices

The policy debate on older people's extended participation in working life is not based on a social movement, such as the one putting forward demands on job opportunities for women, and has, by means of categorical stereotypes, mostly characterised older people as the problem. This narrative of individual choices and decisions presents older workers as de-gendered, de-classed individuals, shorn of their individual biographies and social contexts. It also treats the issue of extending working life as a phenomenon disconnected from surrounding society and trends. This line of reasoning points to the need for more sophisticated theoretical foundations. This chapter therefore provides a more encompassing framework for the discussion of extending working lives and outlines a new research agenda, including a power perspective with potential to shed light on age-based inequality, an intersectional perspective and a masculinity perspective which challenges the homogenous descriptions of older workers, a feminist understanding of work and a life course perspective which provides a framework which links the previous three.

scholarly journals Depression-free life expectancy in elderly populations in Ceará, northeast and Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ana Glads de Queiroz Rolim ◽  
◽  
Alane Siqueira Rocha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Elderly Populations ◽  
The One

This paper investigated depression-free life expectancy in the elderly population of Ceará, the Northeast and Brazil. We used data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and the projections of the Mortality Tables provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2018. Sullivan's method was used to estimate depression-free life expectancy at age 60 years. The results show that, among the elderly in the analyzed regions, women are at a disadvantage in the number of years they will live with depression compared to men. Which suggests that women live longer with depression compared to men. Among the populations analyzed, it was also found that the one in the Northeast showed the smallest difference in the prevalence of depression in the elderly between the sexes, with 11.6% in women and 3.7% in men. In general, the Northeast has the lowest prevalence of depression among the elderly, when compared to the other two regions.

scholarly journals Life project and work as matter of exclusion/inclusion of the elderly person

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Fernandes Martins Catão ◽  
Alice Fernanda Martins Grisi
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Textual Data

This study was developed based on the reality of population aging, the Aging Era, and the matter of exclusion and psychosocial suffering experienced by elderly people, with the aim of analyzing the meanings of the construction of the life project, work and exclusion/inclusion of this population. A semi-structured interview was performed with 25 participants of the Care for the Elderly Person Program. The lexical and contextual Thematic Content Analysis was performed using the Alcest program for the quantitative analysis of textual data. Three themes were recovered: The world and I: process of exclusion/inclusion - represented 27.77% of the statements; The Future as the present - foremost expressed with 44.44%; Work and the Life Project as a way of social inclusion - 27.77%. The need for conscious actions was highlighted, with reference to the ethics of citizens who are involved and interested in experiencing aging in a healthier way, in order to humanize the living/aging relationship.

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