scholarly journals Impacto de la evaluación de competencias en la calidad del aprendizaje: percepción de discentes y docentes de Grado en Enfermería

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-429
Author(s):  
Esther Martínez-Miguel ◽  
María del Carmen Solano Ruiz ◽  
Eva García-Carpintero Blas ◽  
César Manso Perea

Introducción: El enfoque de educación basada en competencias pretende reducir la brecha entre educación y empleo buscando lograr un aprendizaje profundo, significativo, para toda la vida, transferible a situaciones reales, complejas y cambiantes. Conceptualizar la evaluación a partir de este enfoque implica asumir su carácter multidimensional diseñando una evaluación para el aprendizaje y no sólo del aprendizaje, en la búsqueda de formas de evaluación capaces de mejorar la calidad del mismo. La conciencia del impacto de la evaluación en el aprendizaje obliga a plantear la evaluación como un proceso compartido que sea simultáneamente causa y efecto de los aprendizajes. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es conocer la percepción de discentes y docentes en relación a las prácticas actuales de evaluación de competencias y su impacto en la calidad del aprendizaje. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo interpretativo. Análisis cualitativo de los datos recogidos mediante cuestionarios abiertos y grupos de discusión de discentes y docentes del Grado en Enfermería. Resultados: Ambos grupos consideran que las prácticas actuales de evaluación de competencias condicionan el aprendizaje, sin embargo, existen grandes diferencias en sus percepciones. Los docentes perciben este impacto como negativo y afirman que para los estudiantes la evaluación consiste sólo en superar asignaturas. Los estudiantes manifiestan que la evaluación les influye positivamente al orientar su aprendizaje y ofrecerles oportunidades de mejora. Conclusiones: Los docentes perciben dificultades para superar la orientación tradicional de la evaluación, mientras los estudiantes perciben su función más formativa y demandan para ella un feedback suficiente y de calidad. Introduction: Competency based education offers the promise of reducing the gap between education and employment and concerns in Higher Education have revolved around how to achieve deep and meaningful learning, a long life learning, so that learning transfer to real situations, complex and changing, would be possible. Conceptualizing assessment from competency based education approach requires assuming its multidimensional character and designing an assessment for learning and not only assessment of learning seeking to improve learning quality. Awareness of the assessment impact on learning requires raising evaluation as a shared process able to be simultaneously cause and effect of learning. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine learners and teachers perceptions about current practices of competence assessment and its impact on the quality of learning. Methodology: Interpretative descriptive study. Qualitative analysis of data collected through open questionnaires and discussion groups with Degree in Nursing learners and teachers. Results: Both teachers and learners believe that current assessment practices determine learning skills, but there are big differences in their perceptions. Teachers perceive negatively this impact and claim that for student’s evaluation is only overcoming subjects while students state that assessment influences them positively, guiding their learning and offering improvement opportunities. Conclusions: teachers perceive difficulties in overcoming evaluation`s traditional, while students perceive its most formative function and demand for it sufficient and quality feedback.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  

This study explored teachers’ knowledge and integration of competency-based practices in schools. One hundred and fifty in-service secondary school teachers were sampled across three African countries using a survey research design. A combination of both closed and open-ended questions was used to elicit responses from respondents via an online system. Responses from the open-ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis, and data received from the structured questions were analysed using percentage distribution. The theoretical lens through which this study was viewed was the Human capital theory and social constructivism theory. Findings revealed that teachers across the three countries have a positive perception of the usage of competency-based approaches but lack professional training and support, which in turn affects the quality of their teaching and assessment practices in classrooms. The implications and recommendations from this study offer teachers as well as education stakeholders in Africa valuable consideration to move beyond the traditional level of assessment and integrate good proxies of academic skills that support learners’ acquisition of 21stcentury skills such as problem-solving, creativity and critical thinking in assessing learners’ competencies.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Wagner ◽  
Anita Acai ◽  
Sydney A. McQueen ◽  
Com McCarthy ◽  
Andrew McGuire ◽  
...  

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of an assessment framework aimed at improving formative feedback practices in a Canadian orthopaedic postgraduate training program. Methods: Tool development began in 2014 and took place in 4 phases, each building upon the previous and informing the next. The reliability, validity, and educational impact of the tools were assessed on an ongoing basis, and changes were made accordingly. Results: One hundred eighty-two tools were completed and analyzed during the study period. Quantitative results suggested moderate to excellent agreement between raters (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.54-0.93), and an ability of the tools to discriminate between learners at different stages of training (p’s < 0.05). Qualitative data suggested that the tools improved both the quality and quantity of formative feedback given by assessors and had begun to foster a culture change around assessment in the program. Conclusions: The tool development, implementation, and evaluation processes detailed in this article can serve as a model for other training programs to consider as they move towards adopting competency-based approaches and refining current assessment practices.


2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad U. Malik ◽  
David A. Diaz Voss Varela ◽  
Charles M. Stewart ◽  
Kulsoom Laeeq ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced the Outcome Project in July 2001 to improve the quality of resident education through competency-based learning. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine and explore the perceptions of program directors regarding challenges to implementing the ACGME Outcome Project. Methods We used the PubMed and Web of Science databases and bibliographies for English-language articles published between January 1, 2001, and February 17, 2012. Studies were included if they described program directors' opinions on (1) barriers encountered when attempting to implement ACGME competency-based education, and (2) assessment methods that each residency program was using to implement competency-based education. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were screened by 2 researchers. The grading criterion was created by the authors and used to assess the quality of each study. Results The survey-based data reported the opinions of 1076 program directors. Barriers that were encountered include: (1) lack of time; (2) lack of faculty support; (3) resistance of residents to the Outcome Project; (4) insufficient funding; (5) perceived low priority for the Outcome Project; (6) inadequate salary incentive; and (7) inadequate knowledge of the competencies. Of the 6 competencies, those pertaining to patient care and medical knowledge received the most responses from program directors and were given highest priority. Conclusions The reviewed literature revealed that time and financial constraints were the most important barriers encountered when implementing the ACGME Outcome Project.


CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leyenaar ◽  
B. McLeod ◽  
S. Penhearow ◽  
R. Strum ◽  
M. Brydges ◽  
...  

Introduction: Patient assessment is a fundamental feature of non-emergency community paramedicine (CP) home visit programs. In the absence of a recognized standard for CP assessment, current assessment practices in CP programs are unknown. Without knowing what community paramedics are assessing, it is difficult to ascertain what should be included in patient care plans, whether interventions are beneficial, or whether paramedics are meeting program objectives. Our objective was to summarize the content of assessment instruments used in CP programs in order to describe the state of current practice. Methods: We performed an environmental scan of all CP programs in Ontario, Canada, and employed content analysis to describe current assessment practices in CP home visit programs. The International Classification on Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was used to categorize and compare assessments. Each item within each assessment form was classified according to the ICF taxonomy. Findings were compared at the domain and sub-domain of the ICF. Results: Of 54 paramedic services in Ontario, 43 responded to our request for information. Of 24 services with CP home visit programs, 18 provided their intake assessment forms for content analysis. Assessment forms contained between 13 and 252 assessment items (median 116.5, IQR 134.5). Overall, most assessments included some content from each of the domains outlined in the ICF, including: Impairments of Body Functions, Impairments of Body Structures, Activity Limitation and Participation, and Environmental Factors. At the sub-domain level, only assessment of Impairments of the Functions of the Cardiovascular, Haematological, Immunological and Respiratory systems appeared in all assessments. Few CP home visit program assessments covered most ICF sub-domain categories and many items classified to specific categories were included in only a few assessments. Conclusion: CP home visit programs complete multi-domain assessments as part of patient intake. The content of CP assessments varied across Ontario, which suggests that care planning and resources may not be consistent. Current work on practice guidelines and paramedic training can build from descriptions of assessment practices to improve quality of care and patient safety. By identifying what community paramedics assess, evaluation of the quality of CP home visit programs and their ability to meet program objectives can be improved and benchmarks in patient care can be established.


CJEM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Bandiera ◽  
David Lendrum

ABSTRACTObjectives:Controversy exists regarding the applicability of competency-based education during clinical rotations in emergencymedicine (EM). Little has been written about the perceptions of front-line teachers regarding one such competencybased education paradigm, the CanMEDS framework. We undertook to determine 1) what perceptions exist among frontline teachers at two academic health science emergency departments (EDs) regarding the use of the CanMEDS roles to frame what residents should learn on ED rotations and 2) how those same teachers envision practically incorporating the CanMEDS roles into feedback provided to residents.Methods:Teachers at two sites volunteered for a semistructured focus group study. Focus groups were moderated by an experienced qualitative researcher, and verbatim transcriptions were coded by two independent reviewers. The codes were merged into final themes. The final focus group was used to further explore issues raised and test assumptions made in the preceding groups.Results:In five focus groups involving 21 participants, the Medical Expert and Professional roles were seen as most relevant to an EM rotation, whereas the Health Advocate, Manager, Scholar, and Collaborator roles were least relevant. On further exploration, however, faculty identified highly relevant components of each role that they could envision teaching in an ED. Participants also felt that the framework helped highlight the breadth of physician competencies and provided structure for teaching and feedback.Conclusions:EM faculty find the CanMEDS framework helpful for structuring teaching and learning and that many elements of the roles, when defined, are feasible to integrate into a clinical rotation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emery Hyslop-Margison ◽  
Ramonia Rochester

In this paper, we explore Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon and consider its possible contribution to understanding more fully the impact of current assessment protocols and practices within higher education. More pointedly, we ask the following question: Are the plethora of assessment practices within higher education actually designed to improve student academic experience, or are they instead mechanisms of surveillance intended to control, dominate and invoke paranoia among university workers? In response to this question, we argue that the prevailing preoccupation with assessment in U.S. universities is motivated less by a genuine desire to enhance the actual academic experience of students than it is to offer hegemonic interests a psychological instrument of control to eliminate potential dissent over neo-liberal and managerial class imposed policies. To illustrate our central claim, we first review some general details of Bentham’s panopticon. Secondly, we briefly discuss Foucault’s analysis of the panopticon and consider his accompanying postulate on the tendency of individuals to self-regulate their behavior according to externally imposed and monitored expectations. We also examine in greater depth the relationship between the panopticon and the Lacanian gaze, with a focus on considering the latter’s psychological impact. Finally, we contend that the prevailing obsession with assessment in universities is a mechanism of institutional control that hinders rather than enhances the academic quality of contemporary higher education by limiting the scope of academic dialogue, social imagination and democratic structural critique.


2014 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 1070-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmanirah bt Ab Rahman ◽  
Nurfirdawati binti Muhamad Hanafi ◽  
Marina bt Ibrahim Mukhtar ◽  
Jamil bin Ahmad

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Ayu Ika Nurjanah ◽  
Ely Rudyatmi ◽  
Sri Mulyani Endang Susilowati

One important component of the curriculum in 2013 is a competency-based assessment. This assessment is not only seen from the final result, but also how the processes that occur during learning. Assessment is done using instruments varies. Instruments' knowledge, attitudes, and skills that exist have not analyzed the quality but it is used by teachers in conducting the evaluation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of assessment instruments UKK, attitude observation sheets, and assessment sheets used in practice test Class X SMAN biology teacher in Kendal. The quantitative data in the form of the level of difficulty, distinguishing, distractor effectiveness, and reliability matter UKK. Qualitative data in the form of conformity UKK, observation sheets attitude, and practice tests assessment sheet in terms of material, construction, and language. The results showed that the quality of qualitative UKK is 45% good and 55% about the problem should be corrected. Qualitatively UKK quality is good and 75% about 25% is not good. Observation sheet quality is pretty good 83% and 17% unfavorable. Sheet quality assessment practice test is 83% good and 17% poor.     


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