scholarly journals ELECTRIFICATION OF THE LOW COST COMPETITION VEHICLE. A PARADIGMA CHANGE

10.6036/9889 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
PABLO LUQUE RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
DANIEL ÁLVAREZ MÁNTARAS ◽  
JORGE ROCES GARCIA ◽  
ALVARO MARADONA TUERO ◽  
LUCIANO SANCHEZ RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Space Frame ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Final Design ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Powertrain Design

This work shows the electrification of a vehicle for the European Mountain Climbing Championship, with a design and construction that allows to maintain the performance of the designs with thermal propellant without increasing the cost. It is based on an existing space-frame vehicle and a methodology based on a multi-target optimization is implemented to define the parameters characteristic of the powertrain. The design is completed with the choice of commercial elements of cost contained to propose a final design competitive in price and performance. Keywords: Electric vehicle, motor vehicle, powertrain design, low cost, electric batteries

A Kind of Effective Protection of Privacy and Low Cost RFID Security Authentication Protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1882-1886
Author(s):  
Tian Fu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Pan Deng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Location Privacy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Rfid Security ◽  
Security Authentication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

With the gradual application of RFID technology, the problems of privacy security arouse people's great attention. To address the problems of the existing RFID authentication protocol, such as the weakness on security and privacy, the high cost and the un-stabilizing systems performance, this paper puts forward a kind effective protection of privacy and low cost RFID security authentication protocol, analyses the security and performance of this protocol. This protocol can not only effectively solve the problems of replay attacks, location privacy attack and data synchronization, but also greatly use the Reader computing resources to reduce the cost of system construction, so it is appropriate for the application of RFID system.

scholarly journals A Low Cost Potentiostat Device For Monitoring Aqueous Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
S. N. H. Umar ◽  
E. A. Bakar ◽  
N. M. Kamaruddin ◽  
N. Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Cost

This study developed a new design of a low cost potentiostat circuit device. This device is an alternative electrochemical instrument applied for monitoring heavy metal ion in environmental water. It was developed to alleviate the cost burden of equipment procurement and due to the requirement for in-situ application since the existing commercialize devices are bulky and expensive. the main component of the device consist of electronics configuration of operational amplifier. the device was first modelled and simulated to acquire the design parameters and performance. the potential control algorithm was developed on open-source microcontroller platform. A dummy cell was used to validate the capabilities of the device.

scholarly journals Development and Performance Analysis of a Low-Cost Hydrogen Generation System Using Locally Available Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gour Chand Mazumder ◽  
SM Nasif Shams ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Saiful Huque
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Outlet Port ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
In Series ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, a low-cost water electrolyzer is developed and its performance study is presented. Locally found materials are used to develop the electrolyzer. The electrolyzer has two cells connected in parallel and bipolar electrode configuration. In common, different cells are connected in series but for this electrolyzer parallel connection has been tested. A very thin polymer, Nylon-140 has been used as separator membranes for this electrolyzer. In separator membrane assembly, the designed geometry creates two separate gas channels internally which enables the direct collection of hydrogen and oxygen gas from the designated outlet port of the electrolyzer. The geometry excludes the need of external tubing into each cell-compartments to collect hydrogen and oxygen separately. The developed electrolyzer is found to be 42% efficient with its highest production rate of 227.27 mL/min. The purity of hydrogen is found to be more than 92% and justified with the burn test. The cost is 20 times less than the commercial electrolyzers. The development method and scheme can be helpful to popularize the small scale use of hydrogen in Bangladesh for various renewable energy applications. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(1): 49-56, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Topological Optimisation And Additive Manufacturing of An Electric Vehicle Battery Housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Yee Yeong ◽  
Swee Leong Sing ◽  
Bashu Aman
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
The Future ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Electric Vehicle Battery ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Directed Energy

Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the incipient stage today and have the capacity to lead the automobile sector in the future. Battery packs of an electric vehicle are held by a large battery housing located at the bottom of the car body. The battery pack contributes significantly to the vehicle’s overall weight. Reduction of the overall weight of the future cars is a designer’s priority today. The aim to reduce weight can be achieved using topological optimisation. The optimised design is complex and therefore requires freeform fabrication. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing allows the fabrication of complex structures, hence, enables the fabrication of topological optimised parts without compromising on the part performance. In this paper, the topological optimisation of an electric vehicle battery housing is carried out to reduce the weight of the housing. Certain parts of the battery housing are removed and modified to get the final design. The physical, geometric, and performance aspects of the re-designed and original battery housing are compared. Additionally, the feasibility of the fabrication of the re-designed battery housing is discussed through support structures generation and feasibility index. Different AM methods such as powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) are analysed on the basis of advantages and limitations. Finally, a suitable AM technique, selective laser melting (SLM), is chosen to fabricate the topological optimised battery housing.

scholarly journals Rapid exploration of cost-performance tradeoffs using dominance effect during design of hardware accelerators

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sedaghat ◽  
Anirban Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Hardware Accelerators ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
The Cost

Modern Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) designs require a tradeoff between cost efficiency and performance (circuit speed). Furthermore, the Design Space Exploration (DSE) of the cost-performance tradeoffs for the multi objective VLSI designs should also be fast and efficient in nature. This paper presents a novel accelerated DSE approach for the exploration of cost-performance tradeoffs of modular multi (trio parametric. viz. cost, execution time and power consumption) objective VLSI hardware accelerators using hierarchical criterion analysis. The selection of the final design point is made after the tradeoffs are explored using the proposed approach. Results of the proposed approach when applied to various benchmarks yielded significant acceleration in the exploration process compared to current existing approaches with multi parametric objective.

scholarly journals Lightweight Crypto Stack for TPMS Using Lesamnta-LW

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuhei Watanabe ◽  
Hideki Yamamoto ◽  
Hirotaka Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Pseudorandom Functions ◽  
Cryptographic Primitive ◽  
Tire Pressure Monitoring System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cyberphysical System ◽  
Key Derivation

Modern vehicles which have internal sensor networks are one of the examples of a cyberphysical system (CPS). The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is used to monitor the pressure of the tires and to inform the driver of them. This system is mandatory for vehicles in the US and EU. To ensure the security of TPMS, it is important to reduce the cost of the cryptographic mechanisms implemented in resource-constrained devices. To address this problem, previous works have proposed countermeasures employing lightweight block ciphers such as PRESENT, SPECK, or KATAN. However, it is not clear to us that any of these works have addressed the issues of software optimization that considers TPMS packet protection as well as session key updates for architectures consisting of the vehicle TPMS ECU and four low-cost TPMS sensors equipped with the tires. In this paper, we propose the application of ISO/IEC 29192-5 lightweight hash function Lesamnta-LW to address these issues. When we apply cryptographic mechanisms to a practical system, we consider the lightweight crypto stack which contains cryptographic mechanisms, specifications for the implementation, and performance evaluation. Our approach is to apply the known method of converting Lesamnta-LW to multiple independent pseudorandom functions (PRFs) in TPMS. In our case, we generate five PRFs this way and then use one PRF for MAC generation and four for key derivation. We use the internal AES-based block cipher of Lesamnta-LW for encryption. Although we follow the NIST SP 800-108 framework of converting PRFs to key derivation functions, we confirm the significant advantage of Lesamnta-LW-based PRFs over HMAC-SHA-256 by evaluating the performance on AVR 8-bit microcontrollers, on which we consider simulating TPMS sensors. We expect that our method to achieve multiple purposes with a single cryptographic primitive will help us to reduce the total implementation cost required for TPMS security.

scholarly journals Fast and Low-cost Search for Efficient Cloud Configurations for HPC Workloads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderson M. do Rosario ◽  
Thais A. Silva Camacho ◽  
Otávio O. Napoli ◽  
Edson Borin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Early Stopping ◽  
Search Cost ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Optimal Configurations

The wide variety of virtual machine types, network configurations, number of instances, among others configuration tweaks, in cloud computing, makes the finding of the best configuration a hard problem. Trying to reduce costs and resource underutilization while achieving acceptable performance can be a hard task even for specialists. Thus, many approaches to find these optimal or almost optimal configurations for a given program were proposed in the literature. Observing the performance of an application in the cloud takes time and money. Therefore, most of the approaches aim not only to find good solutions but also to reduce the search cost. One of those approaches relies on Bayesian Optimization, which analyzes fewer configurations, reducing the search cost while still finding good solutions. Another approach found in the literature is the use of a technique named Paramount Iteration, which enables users to reason about cloud configurations' cost and performance without executing the application to its completion (early-stopping) this approach reduces the cost of each observation. In this work, we show that both techniques can be used together to do fewer and lower-cost observations. We demonstrate that such an approach can recommend solutions that are 1.68x better on average than Random Searching and with a 6x cheaper search.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis for Low-Cost Transformer-Type Inductive Conductivity Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Yiğithan Kandur ◽  
Julius Harms ◽  
Thorsten A. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Noise Shielding ◽  
Transformer Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors (TICS) are the industry standard for long-term conductivity measurement in fluids. This paper analyzes the potential of TICS as a low-cost alternative to the cost-effective type of conductivity cells by an implementation with reduced complexity. Sensor characteristics and performance in comparison to high precision sensor are described in the study. Linearity and hysteresis error in measurement, reproducibility and permeability influenced by the temperature change are quantified through the experiments. The results were interpreted in regard to core material, geometric properties and noise shielding. The study presented in this paper provides a better understanding of performance and uncertainty characteristics in order to improve the design of low-cost transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors.

scholarly journals Subsurface automated samplers (SAS) for ocean acidification research

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-752
Author(s):  
Ian C Enochs ◽  
Nathan Formel ◽  
Lauren Shea ◽  
Leah Chomiak ◽  
Alan Piggot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Electronic Hardware

Ocean acidification (OA) is the process whereby anthropogenic carbon dioxide is absorbed into seawater, resulting in altered carbonate chemistry and a decline in pH. OA will negatively impact numerous marine organisms, altering the structure and function of entire ecosystems. The progression of OA, while faster than has occurred in recent geological history, has been subtle and detection may be complicated by high variability in shallow-water environments. Nevertheless, comprehensive monitoring and characterization is important given the scale and severity of the problem. Presently, technologies used to measure OA in the field are costly and limited by their detection of only one carbonate chemistry parameter, such as pH. Discrete water samples, by contrast, offer a means of measuring multiple components of the carbonate system, including parameters of particular explanatory value (e.g., total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon), for which field-based sensors do not presently exist. Here we describe the design, use, and performance of a low- cost (<$220 USD) subsurface automated sampler (SAS), suitable for the collection of water for carbonate chemistry analysis. Each sampler is field-programmable using a remote control, performs in depths up to 55 m seawater, collects two separately preserved samples, and logs temperature at the time of collection. SAS are designed from the ground up to be open source with respect to physical design and sampling components, electronic hardware, and software. Build instructions, parts lists, and printable 3D files are provided along with code to ultimately lower the cost of OA monitoring, facilitate further research, and encourage application-specific customization.

Design and Research for a Cost-Oriented Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecture

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlong Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chengliang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Vehicle Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Performance

Commercialization and popularization for HEVs are highly depended on the vehicle price and performance attributes. A novel hybrid electric vehicle architecture is designed and researched for HEV cost reduction while maintaining HEV’s potential to improve the fuel economy and drivability. In this architecture, an All-In-One-Controller (AIOC) is designed, low-cost powertrain components are selected, and a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) using supercapacitor and battery concept is implemented. Cost validation and performance simulation are finished, and the results show that HEV cost can be reduced significantly and desired performance can be achieved.

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