scholarly journals John Dewey’s Critical Anticipations of Personality Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Piekkola
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Life Context ◽  
History Of

A brief introduction to the developmental history of personality psychology is given. Two trends, the clinical, holistic approach and the experimental, elemental approach, lay the foundation for issues that would confront the field into the present. While the accepted mandate has been the study of the whole person, the experimental paradigm has been hegemonic. Emphasis has been placed on knowledge of individual differences across variety of abstract constructs. The person and the situation, two central concepts, have been decreed independent, alternative, competing factors in accounting for individual conduct. John Dewey’s psychology, based on organicism and person environment mutualism, is presented as challenging basic assumptions and theories of personality psychology. For Dewey, personality is a product of individuals being incorporated into the sociocultural milieu that is their life context, and from which they cannot be disengaged. Kritische Psychologie is discussed as sympathetic to some of Dewey’s propositions.

An Existentialist Approach To Rehabilitation Counseling

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Susanne M. Bruyere
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Client Change ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Counseling Approach

This paper provides an overview of existentialism, as applied to the practice of vocational rehabilitation counseling. The key terms and concepts, historical evolution of existentialism as a philosophy and a form of psychotherapy, and its parallel with rehabilitation, are presented. Application of existentialism as a counseling approach which can be used in working with individuals with disabilities is summarized for: its basic assumptions, relevance of developmental history of the individual, perception of psychological health, criteria for client change, intervention techniques, and client-counselor relationship. Research needed to heighten the utility of this approach to rehabilitation, and the importance of integrating this approach into rehabilitation counseling in the 1980s, is discussed.

scholarly journals Religious Development: C. P. Tiele's Paradigm of Science of Religion

Numen ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Of Religion

AbstractThis essay explores C. P. Tiele's fundamental notion of religious development and, in a certain respect, it complements my earlier paper on his concept of religion, which he ultimately locates "in the innermost depths of our souls" (Numen 46 [1999]). The present article argues that the mere possibility of an interrelated, comparative study of religions (in the plural) is founded on the idea of a developmental history of religion (in the singular). To Tiele, this history testifies to the fact that the changing and transient forms of religion are ultimately inadequate expressions of the infinite in us. Thus, his "science" ties in perfectly with his liberal Protestantism. I start with some remarks on the use of the concept of religious development in the nineteenth century, then I outline Tiele's basic assumptions (with special reference to his 1874 article on the laws of development), and, finally, I scrutinize the first series of the Gifford Lectures (1896–1898), which epitomize his later views on religious development. It is shown that developmental thinking in early Dutch science of religion did not originate primarily in Darwinian thought but in German idealism. Moreover, one has to keep in mind that Tiele's developmental views met severe criticism among his successors. For instance, Gerardus van der Leeuw rejected the whole idea of religious progress because it did not comply with the unique and absolute character of religious experience. Thus, contrary to Eric Sharpe's suggestion, evolutionism was not dominant in Dutch religious studies throughout the period between the wars.

scholarly journals Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

NCC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Bhupindra Jung Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Social System ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Selective Perception ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Whole Person

The purpose of this paper is to do in depth analysis of the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. This paper is based on conceptual base reviewed from different books and research reports. The objective of the study is to identify the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. The paper concludes that there are two types of basic assumptions of organizational behavior. They are nature of people and nature of organizations. A basic assumption about nature of people incorporates individual differences, a whole person, and motivated behavior, value of the person, selective perception, and desire for involvement. A basic assumption about nature of organizations involves social system, mutuality of interest, and ethical treatment.

scholarly journals A Three–Domain Personality Analysis of A Mentally Tough Athlete

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan J. Coulter ◽  
Clifford J. Mallett ◽  
Jefferson A. Singer ◽  
Cornelia Wrzus
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Life Story Interview ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Personal Strivings ◽  
Insight Into

The current study adopted McAdams’ multilayer framework as the basis to develop a psychological portrait of an elite athlete who was identified as being particularly ‘mentally tough’. The aim was to use this single case as an exemplar to demonstrate the utility of McAdams’ framework for understanding the complexity of sport performers across three domains of personality: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, and narrative identity. We operationalised these domains through the development of specific research questions and, subsequently, the collection and integration of the participant's Big Five traits, personal strivings, coping strategies, and response to a life story interview. The results offered a comprehensive insight into the nature of one athlete's personality that, in turn, informed conceptual perspectives of mental toughness in sport psychology literature and qualitatively supported emerging evidence of the validity of a three–layer framework in personality psychology. Specifically, the study's design showed how a holistic approach to personality analysis can lead to a more complete psychological representation of competitors in sport, and people generally. It demonstrated how motivational, sociocultural, and meaning–making aspects of personality can complement a trait profile to achieving a satisfying assessment of the whole person. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

Reflections on the recent history and the present challenges of personality psychology

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
History Of

The recent history of personality psychology is rapidly reviewed with the aim of indicating significant cues of the progress which has taken place and of the problems which are still pending. In this regard, a three‐stage model of progress provides the arguments which introduce personality psychology into the domain of ‘complexity’. Readmission of individual differences in the investigation of basic processes, attention to marginal perturbances in between non‐significant deviations, and use of circumplex models to make sense of multiple facets of phenomena are indicated as viable avenues to the complexity of personality psychology.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Group Experiences and Individual Differences in Stuttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth E. Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults Who Stutter

Purpose This study explored group experiences and individual differences in the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings perceived by adults who stutter. Respondents' goals when speaking and prior participation in self-help/support groups were used to predict individual differences in reported behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Method In this study, 502 adults who stutter completed a survey examining their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in and around moments of stuttering. Data were analyzed to determine distributions of group and individual experiences. Results Speakers reported experiencing a wide range of both overt behaviors (e.g., repetitions) and covert behaviors (e.g., remaining silent, choosing not to speak). Having the goal of not stuttering when speaking was significantly associated with more covert behaviors and more negative cognitive and affective states, whereas a history of self-help/support group participation was significantly associated with a decreased probability of these behaviors and states. Conclusion Data from this survey suggest that participating in self-help/support groups and having a goal of communicating freely (as opposed to trying not to stutter) are associated with less negative life outcomes due to stuttering. Results further indicate that the behaviors, thoughts, and experiences most commonly reported by speakers may not be those that are most readily observed by listeners.

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